Caracterização e classificação de resíduo sólido "pó de rocha granítica" gerado na indústria de rochas ornamentais

The ornamental rock industry generates huge amounts of wastes during the process of extraction and sawing of rock blocks. The ornamental rock powder waste is a non-biodegradable material, which represents the increase in environmental problem. The waste was collected from a granitic rock sawing plant located in Santo Antônio de Pádua, Rio de Janeiro. The chemical-environmental characterization and classification of the waste were done according to ABNT standards. The results showed that the granitic rock powder waste should be classified as Class II A - "No Inert", because of its high concentrations of lead, chrome, iron and manganese.

Crescimento de mudas de maracujázeiro-amarelo em resposta à adubação com superfosfato simples e pó de rocha

Pesquisas feitas com pó de rocha têm mostrado a potencialidade de alguns resíduos em promover o enriquecimento mineral de solos pobres; prática definida como rochagem do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de maracujázeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) em resposta à adubação com superfosfato simples e pó de rocha. O experimento foi realizado no período de janeiro a abril de 2006, em casa de vegetação do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICA-UFMG), localizado em Montes Claros/MG. Os tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, corresponderam à adição ao substrato de: duas doses de pó de rocha e cinco de superfosfato simples. Foram avaliados: altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas por planta, área foliar, massas de matéria fresca e seca da raiz, massas de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e conteúdo de fósforo na planta. Os resultados indicam aumento do crescimento das mudas com o incremento das doses de superfosfato simples e redução do efeito da adubação fosfatada com a adição de pó de rocha ao substrato, possivelmente relacionados a fenômenos de adsorção por formas de ferro amorfo e/ou por carbonatos, considerando que o pó de rocha provém da desintegração de ardósias, mármore e granito. A dose de superfosfato simples sem adição de pó de rocha, para se obterem mudas de maracujá com melhores características, deve ser de 3,0 a 6,5 kg m-3, enquanto com a adição de pó de rocha, de 6,0 a pelo menos 10,0 kg m-3.

Prevalência de pneumoconiose em trabalhadores expostos a rocha fosfática

Analisou-se a ocorrência de pneumoconiose em trabalhadores ligados à manipulação de rocha fosfática em depósito localizado no Município de Paulínia, Estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Entre os 73 trabalhadores expostos a essa matéria prima, constatou-se ocorrência de 20 casos de pneumoconiose (27,4%). Após investigação dos casos, constatou-se que os trabalhadores acometidos eram assintomáticos na sua maioria, com provas de função pulmonar pouco alteradas, com predominância de alterações de pequenas vias aéreas, com 2 casos com padrão levemente restritivo. A biópsia de pulmão realizada em 2 pacientes não revelou grau de fibrose significativo. A análise do material inalado, através de espectrometria de Raio-X e métodos colorimétricos não evidenciou teor de sílica livre suficiente para promover fibrose pulmonar. Concluiu-se tratar-se de pneumoconiose não fibrogênica, de evolução clínica ainda não conhecida a ser melhor investigada utilizando-se estudos prospectivos. Recomendou-se o afastamento dos trabalhadores acometidos de pneumoconiose e mudanças no processo de trabalho do referido depósito, visando prevenção de novos casos.

Estudo epidemiológico de fontes de alimentação sangüínea dos triatomíneos da fazenda aroeira (Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba) e circunvizinhanças

Analisamos a fonte de alimentação sangüínea de 94 triatomíneos (51 Triatoma brasiliensis, 42 T. pseudomaculata e um Rhodnius neglectus) da Fazenda Aroeira, no Município de Catolé do Rocha, no Estado da Paraíba, e de quatro localidades próximas. Observamos positividade para marsupial, homem e ave, respectivamente, de 39,7 , 6,2 e 23,0%. Três insetos da Fazenda Aroeira, positivos para Trypanosoma cruzi, foram positivos para marsupial, só um deles também para outro mamífero. Os marsupiais são a mais importante fonte de T. cruzi para os insetos da área e estes têm pouco contato com o homem.

Biology of Triatoma carcavalloi Jurberg, Rocha & Lent, 1998 under laboratory conditions

Introduction Triatoma carcavalloi is a wild species that is found in sympatry with Triatoma rubrovaria and Triatoma circummaculata, which are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi currently found in rural areas of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods Fertility was assessed and to determine the incubation period, the eggs were observed until hatching. The first meal was offered to 1st stage nymphs. The intermolt period was also determined. The number of blood meals was quantified at each nymphal stage and the resistance to fasting as the period between ecdysis and death. Mortality was assessed and longevity was determined by recording the time that elapsed from molting to the adult stage and until death. The developmental cycle was assessed by recording the length in days of each stage from molting to adult hood. Results The average incubation period was 22.7 days. The average first meal occurred 3.1 days after hatching. The 5th stage nymph to adult intermolting period was the longest at 193.4 days. The average number of feedings during nymphal development was 13.4. The resistance to fasting assay indicated that the 3rd, 4th and 5th stage nymphs presented higher resistance than did adults. The highest mortality rate was observed in the 3rd stage nymphs (22.2%). The average length of adult survival was 25.6 weeks, and the average total life cycle lasted 503.4 days. Conclusions This study is the first report on the biology of T. carcavalloi that fed on mice. The presented findings expand the bionomic knowledge of these species.

Tolerance to temperature, pH, ammonia and nitrite in cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi, an amazonian ornamental fish

Poor water quality condition has been pointed out as one of the major causes for the high mortality of ornamental fishes exported from the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The purpose of the current study was to define water quality standards for cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), by establishing the lower and higher for lethal temperature (LT50), lethal concentration (LC50) for total ammonia and nitrite and LC50 for acid and alkaline pH. According to the findings, cardinal tetra is rather tolerant to high temperature (33.3 ºC), to a wide pH range (acid pH=2.9 and alkaline pH=8.8) and to high total ammonia concentration (23.7 mg/L). However, temperatures below 19.6 ºC and nitrite concentrations above 1.1 mg/L NO2- may compromise fish survival especially during long shipment abroad.

Seasonality of nematode larvae in Iguanodectes spilurus (Characidae) an ornamental fish from northeastern Para, Brazil

The current study presents a parasitological survey of larval nematodes from freshwater ornamental fish Iguanodectes spilurus caught in the watercourse of the Caete River, in the northeast region of the State of Para, Brazil. A total of 176 specimens, 1.36±0.75 g weight and 5.53±0.98 cm total length, were analyzed. Nematode larvae were identified as Capillaria sp., Procamallanus sp. and Anisakidae, with prevalence of 70.45% and infection intensity ranging from 1.81 to 4.70 larvae. The highest prevalence 57.38% occurred in the liver, but no seasonality was observed, indicating high infection throughout the year. Seasonality was observed in fish parasitized in the stomach, intestine and caecum, with prevalence and mean intensity of 17.61% and 2.32 parasites, 12.5% and 1.81 parasites, 10.79% and 2.21 parasites, respectively. The highest degree of infection was observed in the rainy season, probably due to increased availability of intermediate hosts or food.

Trypanosoma cruzi defined antigens in the serological evaluation of an outbreak of acute Chagas disease in Brazil (Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba)

Immunoglobulin G and M humoral response to recombinant protein B13 and glycoconjugate LPPG Trypanosoma cruzi defined antigens was evaluated by ELISA in 18 patients in the acute phase of Chagas disease, who were contaminated on the same occasion. LPPG showed 100% positivity detecting both IgM and IgG antibodies, while positivity of 55-65% was observed for B13. An epimastigote alkaline extract (EPI) also showed high sensitivity for acute IgM (100%) and IgG (90%) antibodies. However LPPG had better discriminatory reactivity since with EPI two patients showed negative IgG and several other sera presented OD values for IgG and IgM antibodies very close to the cutoff. Thus, it is suggested that detection of IgM antibodies by LPPG may be used for diagnosis of the acute phase of Chagas disease. An intense decline of IgG and IgM antibodies to the three antigens was observed in response to anti-T. cruzi chemotherapy in all acute phase patients. After treatment, six (30%) individuals maintained IgG positivity to EPI, LPPG, and B13 with lower reactivity than that measured at the acute phase. For comparison, serology of a group of 22 patients in the chronic phase of Chagas disease and also submitted to chemotherapy was determined. Positive IgM antibodies to EPI, LPPG and B13 were detected in only 5-9% cases. In all chronic-phase patients IgG antibodies highly reactive to the three antigens were present and no significant decrease resulted after benznidazole administration. These observations reinforce previous reports that treatment in the acute phase may reduce or eliminate the parasite.

Morfologia comparada dos ovos e ninfas de Triatoma vandae Carcavallo, Jurberg, Rocha, Galvão, Noireau & Lent, 2002 e Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza & Lima, 1965 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

Eggs and all nymphs of these species were studied employing light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The major differences observed by LM in the eggs were related to the presence and the distribution of pores on the surface of their chorion. Morphological differences among three nymphal stages (1st, 3rd, and 5th) development of each species were observed. The differential characteristics are chromatic and in the shape of connexival spots. The ultrastructure of the ventral region of the head and the IX, X, and XI abdominal segments (anal tube) of the both species were described demonstrating morphological differences that can be used for diagnosis of the species.