L'APPORT DE LA SOCIOLOGIE PRAGMATIQUE FRANÇAISE AUX ÉTUDES CRITIQUES EN MANAGEMENT

La sociologie pragmatique française (SP), inspirée des travaux de Luc Boltanski et Laurent Thévenot, est de plus en plus utilisée par les études organisationnelles en management. Pourtant, la dimension critique de cette approche n'a pas encore été intégrée au profit de la connaissance en management et organisations (MOK). Dans cet article, nous explicitons l'apport que cette sociologie peut représenter pour les études critiques en management (CMS). En tant que science de la science des acteurs, nous suggérons que la SP est fertile pour développer une approche de performativité critique. En particulier, nous démontrons que l'approche permet de mettre en lumière les nouvelles formes de domination plus complexes s'exerçant dans les organisations contemporaines. En utilisant des études empiriques d'organisations mobilisant la SP, nous montrons comment les concepts de compromis et d'épreuve développés par cette approche présentent un outillage permettant de renouveler la critique des organisations au profit de la MOK.

Epidemiologic study of bronchopulmonary mycosis in the province of cordoba, argentina

An epidemiological study for histoplasmosis coccidioidomycosis and cryptococcosis made in five areas of the province of Córdoba is presented. The data obtained showed a global positivity of 41.1% for histoplasmin 26.7% for coccidioidin and 14.1% for cryptococcin. In some areas, the Rio III basin and Traslasierra, the histoplasmosis infection indexes were much higher, 53,3% and 73.1% respectively. The index of positive skin tests with Cryptococcus antigen in Traslasierra was also very high: 31.9%.

HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN THE PROVINCE OF RIO NEGRO, ARGENTINA, 1993-1996

Early in 1995 the first case of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome was serologically confirmed in El Bolsón (Province of Río Negro, Argentina), corresponding to the third outbreak reported in Argentina. A total of 26 cases of HPS related to the Andean region of Rio Negro Province, were reported from 1993 to 1996, 17 in El Bolsón, 4 in San Carlos de Bariloche, and 5 in Buenos Aires. The incidence rate was 5.03 x 100000 with a mortality rate of 51.85 x 100. The occurrence of cases was mainly seasonal, with a significantly greater number in the spring, and the persons affected mainly lived in urban or periurban areas. In four cases, the affected individuals were members of a couple, spouses or live-in contacts. Seven cases were Health workers (physicians, nurses or administrative staff). Twelve cases were related among them, due to an outbreak of 80 days. Two of them did not visit the Andean region. A total of 139 rodents were captured and seven of them, Olygoryzomys longicaudatus, were found to be serologically positive. The possibility of infection by contact with rodents or fecal matter is being analyzed and also hypothesis related with interhuman transmission

Study of a cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak in General Vedia, Province of Chaco, 1996

Between March and July 1996, a focalized epidemic outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in General Vedia, province of Chaco, associated to the gallery forest of the Oro river was verified. The incidence rate in the area, which was 0-2/000 cases in preceding years, reached 8/000 cases in 1996. The risk of symptomatic infection was similar between sexes, but was different when analizing the different age groups by sex, suggesting a greater relative importance of the peridomestic transmission for the females and of the transmission in the subtropical forest for the males. Specimens of Lutzomyia intermedia, a species already incriminated as a vector of Leishmaniasis in other provinces of northern Argentina, were captured and identified in the focus locality in May 1996. The possible causes of the outbreak related to the climatic variables and the vector abundance are analyzed and the results in the framework of possible preventive and control activities are discussed.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak, Tartagal city, province of Salta, Argentina, 1993

An American cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak, with cases clustering during 1993 in Tartagal city, Salta, was reported. The outbreak involved 102 individuals, 43.1% of them with multiple ulcers. Age (mean: 33 years old) and sex distribution of cases (74.5% males), as well as working activity (70 forest-related), support the hypothesis of classical forest transmission leishmaniasis, despite the fact that the place of permanent residence was in periurban Tartagal. Moreover, during July, sandflies were only collected from one of the 'deforestation areas'. Lutzomyia intermedia was the single species of the 491 phlebotomines captured, reinforcing the vector incrimination of this species. Most infections must have been acquired during the fall (April to June), a pattern consistent with previous sandfly population dynamics data. Based on the epidemiological and entomological results, it was advised not to do any vector-targeted periurban control measures during July. Further studies should be done to assess if the high rate of multiple lesions was due to parasite factors or to infective vector density factors.

Phlebotominae fauna in the Province of Tucumán, Argentina

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis is endemic in the province of Tucumán since 1916 where the first Argentinian case of leishmaniasis was reported. An epidemic outbreak took place in the province during 1986-1988, after that the number of cases increased gradually again between 1991-1996. Since October of 1999 sand flies captures were performed at different places associated with current and past transmission or sites identified as risky ones. The collections were carried out with CDC mini light trap and modified Shannon trap. In this study 2338 Phlebotominae were captured being prevalent Lutzomyia neivai (Lu intermedia complex) (97.7%), followed by Lu. migonei. We report Lu. shannoni for the first time in the province. Phlebotominae was abundant in the warm and humid months and showed a peak before the summer rains. Lutzomyia neivai showed a pattern (peridomestic prevalence, anthropophilia, abundance in secondary forest) consistent with other outbreak studies. Thus, the results reinforce this species incrimination as vector of leishmaniasis in the area. Domestic animals close to houses increase its abundance, and so the probable associated risk of human-Phlebotominae contact. Further studies should be done to understand the role of each Phlebotominae species in the transmission of leishmaniasis in Tucumán in order to design entomological surveillance strategies.

Geographical distribution and intra-domiciliary capture of sylvatic triatomines in La Convención province, Cusco, Peru

The geographical distribution and intra-domiciliary capture of sylvatic triatomines in three districts of the province of La Convención, Cusco, Peru are presented. In the district of Vilcabamba, eight adults of Rhodnius pictipes and five adults of Panstrongylus geniculatus were found. In the district of Ocobamba, 19 adults, 14 nymphs, and eggs of P. rufotuberculatus were found. In the district of Echarate, six adults and 10 nymphs of Eratyrus mucronatus, an adult of R. pictipes and P. geniculatus, and a nymph of P. rufotuberculatus were also found. The geographical distribution of E. mucronatus has extended to Cusco. This is the first report in Peru of household colonization by this triatomine.

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato GENOTYPES IN DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK AND HUMANS IN GOLESTAN PROVINCE, IRAN

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a globally parasitic zoonosis caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus. This study investigated E. granulosus genotypes isolated from livestock and humans in the Golestan province, northern Iran, southeast of the Caspian sea, using partial sequencing data of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1) mitochondrial genes. Seventy E. granulosus isolates were collected from animals in slaughterhouses: 18 isolates from sheep, 40 from cattle, nine from camels, two from buffaloes and one from a goat, along with four human isolates (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues) from CE patients of provincial hospitals. All isolates were successfully analysed by PCR amplification and sequencing. The sequence analysis found four E. granulosus genotypes among the 74 CE isolates: G1 (78.3%), G2 (2.7%), G3 (15%) and G6 (4%). The G1-G3 complex genotype was found in all of the sheep, goat, cattle and buffalo isolates. Among the nine camel isolates, the frequency of G1-G3 and G6 genotypes were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. All four human CE isolates belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto. This study reports the first occurrence of the G2 genotype in cattle from Iran and confirms the previously reported G3 genotype in camels in the same country.

Phlebotominae sand flies associated with a tegumentary leishmaniasis outbreak, Tucumán Province, Argentina

The distribution of sand flies and cases of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the area surrounding JB Alberd city, and the proximities of Catamarca province were studied, after an increase of reported cases from JB Alberdi, Tucumán province, in 2003. Of 14 confirmed cases, 57% were females and 57% were less than 15 years old, suggesting peridomestic transmission. However, 86% of them lived close to the Marapa river forest gallery and related wooded areas. Over 1,013 sand flies were collected; Lutzomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926) was prevalent at all the sites (92.3%), while Lutzomyia migonei (França, 1920) (6.7%) and Lu. cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923) (1%) were also found. The spatial distribution of Lu. neivai overlapped that of the cases, with higher abundance in microfocal hot spots close to the river in stable vegetated habitats or modified habitats with shadow and animal blood sources. The cumulative outcome of anthropic, ecological and climatic factors could have contributed to the onset of the outbreak.

American tripanosomiasis: a study on the prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms in wild rodents in San Luis province, Argentina

INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Wild and perianthropic mammals maintain the infection/transmission cycle, both in their natural habitat and in the peridomestic area. The aim of this paper was to present the results from a study on wild rodents in the central and northern regions of San Luis province, Argentina, in order to evaluate the prevalence of this infection. METHODS: Sherman traps were set up in capture areas located between latitudes 32º and 33º S, and longitudes 65º and 66º W. The captured rodents were taxonomically identified and hemoflagellates were isolated. Morphological, biometric and molecular studies and in vitro cultures were performed. Infection of laboratory animals and histological examination of the cardiac muscle and inoculation area were also carried out. Parasites were detected in circulating blood in Calomys musculinus, Graomys griseoflavus, Phyllotis darwini and Akodon molinae. The parasites were identified using biological criteria. Molecular PCR studies were performed on some isolates, which confirmed the characterization of these hemoflagellates as Trypanosoma cruzi. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Forty-four percent of the 25 isolates were identified as Trypanosoma cruzi, and the remaining 56% as Trypanosoma cruzi-like. These findings provide evidence that wild rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma cruzi-like organisms are important in areas of low endemicity.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus: implications for cancer screening and vaccination in Henan province, China

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: To provide information for cervical cancer screening and vaccination in Henan province, China, the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) was analyzed. METHODS: The HPV genotypes were detected using gene array and flow-through hybridization. RESULTS: Overall, 38.1% (1,536/4,033) of the women were human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) positive. The prevalence of high-risk HPV types was 32.4%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (8.9%), followed by HPV 52 (5.8%) and HPV 58 (4.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The data support close surveillance of women for cervical cancer screening, and HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV16, HPV 52, and HPV 58 might offer greater protection in this area.

Cuidado parental em Leptodactylus natalensis (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae)

O presente trabalho registra mais uma espécie pertencente à família Leptodactylidae apresentando cuidado parental, Leptodactylus natalensis Lutz, 1930. Fêmeas foram observadas em assistência a ovos e cardumes de girinos em duas poças temporárias na mata Atlântica do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.

Epidemiologia de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria en merida, Venezuela. I. Diversidade y dispersion de especies flebotominas en tres pisos altitudinales y su possible rôle en la transmission de enfermedad

Como parte de un estudio epidemiológico sobre leishmaniasis en el Estado Mérida, Venezuela, se presenta la diversidad y dispersión de las especies flebotominas identificadas en 15 localidades ubicadas en 3 pisos altitudinales entre los 175 y los 1.960 m.s.n.m. De 7.126 espécimes capturados (5.132 hombres y 1.994 femenino) se registran 24 especies de Lutzomyia, reconociéndose 10 de las llmadas antropofílicas. Se detalla la distribución de las especies en cada piso altitudinal y en el domicilio humano, el peridomicilio y el ambiente silvestre. Se discute el posible papel que juegan las diferentes especies en la transmisión de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria en cada piso altitudinal en particular y en la región andino-venezolana, en general.