8 resultados para Precios-Valencia-1628-1629

em Scielo Saúde Pública - SP


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Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) applies nutrient ratios instead of the isolated concentration values of each nutrient in interpretation of tissue analysis. The objectives of this research were to establish adequate DRIS norms for 'Valencia' sweet orange irrigated commercial groves budded on three rootstocks and correlate indexes of nutrition balance with yield. Experiments were conducted in São Paulo State, Brazil. Rootstocks Rangpur lime, Caipira sweet orange, and Poncirus trifoliata, with more than six years old and yield above 40 ton ha-1 were utilized. Data referred to yield, tree spacing, rootstock and foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B in non fruiting terminals for each grove were processed for the years 1994 through 1998. DRIS indexes were calculated by Nick criterion for choosing the ratio order of the nutrients and Jones calculation method of the ratio functions. Indexes of nutritional balance calculated from DRIS norms presented high correlation with yield for the three scion/rootstock combinations. DRIS norms defined in this research are valid, since leaf sampling is done on non fruiting terminals and the grove is irrigated.

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el comportamiento de los precios medios FOB (franco a bordo) de manzanas frescas chilenas. A partir de este análisis, se estimaron los precios medios recibidos por los productores. Se estimaron patrones de estacionalidad ajustada de los precios recibidos por los productores de manzanas chilenas, a través del método del promedio geométrico móvil. Para las estimaciones se consideraron los precios FOB promedio mensuales desde enero de 1990 a septiembre de 2004. Los resultados mostraron: una baja estacionalidad de precios; una estabilidad de precios para junio y desde septiembre a diciembre; un valor máximo en julio. Los precios más bajos ocurrieron en abril y mayo. La principal conclusión, desde el punto de vista económico, sugiere que la rentabilidad de los huertos de manzanos podría ser incrementada, a través de un mejoramiento en el proceso de planificación de la producción.

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The objective of this work was the transformation of tobacco and 'Valencia' sweet orange with the GUS gene driven by the citrus phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene promoter (CsPP). Transformation was accomplished by co-cultivation of tobacco and 'Valência' sweet orange explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the binary vector CsPP-GUS/2201. After plant transformation and regeneration, histochemical analyses using GUS staining revealed that CsPP promoter preferentially, but not exclusively, conferred gene expression in xylem tissues of tobacco. Weaker GUS staining was also detected throughout the petiole region in tobacco and citrus CsPP transgenic plants.

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In orange commercial farms, Zn deficiencies symptoms and small fruits were observed in Corrientes, Argentine. During four years (1995 to 1998), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) on Rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstock, implanted in 1974 in sandy soil, where six treatments were tested. Treatments varied from 1 to 3 Kg KCl.tree-1.year-1 (applied in April and December) with and without Zineb 80, 0,35%. year-1, 20 L. tree-1 (13,3 g Zn.tree-1 applied in December). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, with a single tree and borders in the experimental plot. Foliar sample were taken every year in Autumn and Summer, foliar concentrations of Zn and K were determined by atomic spectrum absorption. Harvested fruits were classified into small, medium and big. Analysis of Variance, Tukey test and Pearson correlations between production and foliar concentrations were performed. Higher fertilization levels of K with Zn increased medium and big fruits production (Kg and percentage). Foliar concentrations of K and Zn were positively correlated with big and medium fruit production and negatively correlated with small one. Chemical names used: Ethilenbis-ditiocarbamate of Zn (Zineb).

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el comportamiento de los precios medios FOB y el de los precios medios recibidos por los productores de kiwis y manzanas frescas chilenas, usando datos mensuales del periodo enero 1998 a diciembre 2005. Los valores fueron expresados en moneda de diciembre de 2005 usando como deflactor el WPI de EE.UU. Las series de precios medios recibidos por los productores se estimaron indirectamente restando a los precios medios FOB las comisiones y tarifas de exportación. Como medida de volatilidad se usó la desviación estándar de los retornos (variación de precios) continuos de cada serie. Se utilizó el método del promedio geométrico móvil para estimar patrones de estacionalidad ajustada de los precios recibidos por los productores de kiwis y manzanas frescas chilenas. Se observó una mayor volatilidad de los retornos en kiwis (47,5%) que en manzanas (17,3%). Los resultados mostraron: a) una menor estacionalidad de precios para kiwis que manzanas; b) una estabilidad de precios en marzo y desde julio a noviembre para kiwis, y desde febrero a junio y desde agosto a diciembre para manzanas; c) un valor máximo en diciembre y más bajo en junio para kiwis, un valor máximo en julio y más bajo en enero para manzanas.

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Los modelos de crecimiento de frutos describen la evolución de su tamaño a lo largo del período de desarrollo. Con fines de pronóstico, estos modelos permiten estimar en forma anticipada el tamaño que alcanzarán los frutos al momento de la cosecha. Para lograr estimaciones insesgadas del tamaño de frutos a cosecha es necesario un diseño adecuado de muestreo en la etapa de recolección de datos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el tamaño óptimo de muestra, compuesta por árboles (n) y frutos (m), para establecer modelos de crecimiento de frutos de naranjo 'Valencia late', que permitan estimar la distribución de tamaño a la cosecha. Se trabajó con el diámetro ecuatorial de frutos previo a la cosecha, proveniente de dos huertos comerciales ubicados en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, durante tres temporadas. Mediante modelos mixtos se estimaron las componentes de varianzas entre árboles y frutos, y posteriormente a partir de dos tipos de metodologías se determinó el tamaño de muestra óptimo. La variabilidad entre frutos fue superior a la variabilidad entre árboles. Para la determinación del patrón de crecimiento de frutos de naranjo 'Valencia late' mediante un muestreo bietápico, se sugiere seleccionar 7 árboles y 30 frutos de cada árbol, para lograr estimaciones del diámetro ecuatorial de frutos con una precisión entre el 2 y 3%.

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Most studies on measures of transpiration of plants, especially woody fruit, relies on methods of heat supply in the trunk. This study aimed to calibrate the Thermal Dissipation Probe Method (TDP) to estimate the transpiration, study the effects of natural thermal gradients and determine the relation between outside diameter and area of xylem in 'Valencia' orange young plants. TDP were installed in 40 orange plants of 15 months old, planted in boxes of 500 L, in a greenhouse. It was tested the correction of the natural thermal differences (DTN) for the estimation based on two unheated probes. The area of the conductive section was related to the outside diameter of the stem by means of polynomial regression. The equation for estimation of sap flow was calibrated having as standard lysimeter measures of a representative plant. The angular coefficient of the equation for estimating sap flow was adjusted by minimizing the absolute deviation between the sap flow and daily transpiration measured by lysimeter. Based on these results, it was concluded that the method of TDP, adjusting the original calibration and correction of the DTN, was effective in transpiration assessment.

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The effects of carnauba-based wax on the quality of 'Delta Valencia' orange produced in Ceará state, Brazil, were studied. The fruits were coated with carnauba-based wax and refrigerated (7 ± 2 ºC and 85 ± 2% R.H.) for 28 days. The quality attribute parameters assessed were weight loss, peel color (brightness, hue angle, and chromaticity), peel moisture, pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, yellow flavonoids, and polyphenols. The results showed that 'Delta Valencia' oranges grown in the dry climate of Ceará state has excellent quality. The coated fruits lost mass at a lower rate than the the control fruits. No significant loss of soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and SS/TA ratio was observed, while ascorbic acid, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, yellow flavonoids, and polyphenols increased during storage in both the coated and control fruits. Carnauba-based wax coated fruits showed no signal of dehydration keeping their shiny green peel up to the end of the storage. The use of coating was crucial for the maintenance of visual quality by reducing mass loss, as well as keeping peel moisture.