Alternativas analíticas para determinação de ferro e titânio em cimento Portland

In the present work four different analytical methodologies were studied for the determination of iron and titanium in Portland cement. The cement samples were dissolved with hot HCl and HF, being compared Fe and Ti concentrations through four analytical methods: molecular absorption spectrophotometry using the reagents 1,2-hydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid (Tiron) and the 5-chloro-salicylic acid (CSA), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). In the spectrophotometric determinations were studied pH conditions, reagents addition order, interferences, amount of reagents, linear range and stability of the system. In the techniques of ICP-AES and FAAS were studied the best lines, interferences, sensibility and linear range. The obtained results were compared and the agreement was evaluated among the methods for the determination of the metals of interest.

Uso de lodo de estação de tratamento de água centrifugado em matriz de concreto de cimento portland para reduzir o impacto ambiental

An alternative application of the humid sludge from the Passaúna WTP, located in Curitiba's metropolitan area, is proposed for concrete structures, partially replacing aggregates and cement. For the investigation, a reference concrete and four concrete mixtures with sludge were produced, and from these, two mixtures, containing 4% and 8% of sludge (m/m), were analyzed by different techniques: X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, physicochemical analysis, compressive strength, etc. The properties were evaluated and the results indicate that the mixtures can be applied in different situations as cast structures for construction of concrete walls. Mixtures with more than 4% of sludge are restricted to applications where the workability of the concrete is not required, such as for residential pavements, sidewalks and stepping floors.

Desempenho físico-químico e mecânico de concreto de cimento Portland com borracha de estireno-butadieno reciclada de pneus

Physicochemical and mechanical techniques were carried out to characterize three concrete tyre-rubber waste dosages such as 5, 10 and 15%, w/w. The elastomeric material was identified as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). It was observed that the growing SBR content in the mixture decreased the concrete performance. The best results were presented by 5% w/w tyre-rubber waste concrete sample. This composition was tested at Mourão hydroelectric powerplant spillway as repairing material.

Biofouling e biodeterioração química de argamassa de cimento portland em reservatório de usina hidroelétrica

Last decade Brazilian rivers experimented progressive biofouling of Limnoperna fortunei communities and Cordylophora caspia hydroids. The microhabitat is so favorable that in around 1.5 years L. fortunei increased from 0.39 to nearby 149,000 units/m². Ten Portland cement mortar samples were produced with 1: 3.5: 0.4 dosages and installed for 1 year at Salto Caxias Brazilian Power Plant reservoir in 0.5 m and 1.0 m deep to investigate the biofouling influence on hydraulic civil structures. SEM, EDS, visual investigation and XRF results indicate none direct chemical interrelationships between L. fortunei and the mortar samples. However C. caspia diminished the mortar surface resistance and caused cement paste leaching.

Efeito da adição de serragem de couro tratada quimicamente nas propriedades do cimento Portland

The sheave leather was subjected to chemical treatment in an attempt to immobilize chromium ion in a matrix of cement. Cementitious pastes were obtained by adding different proportions of waste treated solutions (5 and 10% compared to the cement mass) and the pH and setting time (hardening) were measured. Aiming to check the leather influence in Portland cement pastes, the phases formation were observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pretreatment was effective for the waste dissolution and the pH of treated waste chemical solutions did not influence significantly the characteristics of cement paste, with a slight increase in setting time results.

Method for determining the photocatalytic potential of portland cement mortar containing TiO2 for decomposing the pollutant nitrogen monoxide

Photocatalytic materials can minimize atmospheric pollution by decomposing certain organic and inorganic pollutants using sunlight as an energy source. In this paper, the development of a methodology to measure the photocatalytic potential of mortar containing TiO2 nanoparticles is reported. The results indicate that up to 40% of NOx can be degraded by Portland cement mortar containing 30-50% of TiO2, which validates the method developed for evaluating the photocatalytic potential of materials.

OBTENÇÃO DE COMPÓSITOS HÍBRIDOS BASEADOS EM HIDROGÉIS E CIMENTO PORTLAND

In this study, a novel hybrid composite based on biodegradable hydrogel and Portland cement with promising technological properties was reported. In the first step, a full 23 with central point factorial design was utilized to obtain the enhanced polyacrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel compositions. A mathematical model was devised, indicating that the 3 main variables were significant and the AAm and MBAAm variables positively contributed to the mode and showing that the CMC variable had the opposite contribution. In the second step, these compositions were mixed with Portland cement to obtain the hybrid composites. The presence of cement improved the mechanical properties of polymeric matrices, and electronic microscopic micrographics revealed that the hydrogels were well adhered to the cement phase and no phase separation between hydrogel and cement was detected. Finally, using the energy dispersive X-ray technique, the elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca and Fe were detected in the polymeric matrix, consistent with the hybrid composite formation.

Avaliação dos efeitos de pré-tratamentos da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage no grau de compatibilidade com cimento Portland

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de cinco diferentes tipos de pré-tratamento na compatibilidade entre a madeira do Eucalyptus benthamii e o cimento Portland. A madeira foi pré-tratada com água fria, água quente, hidróxido de sódio, cloreto de cálcio ou hidróxido de cálcio. O grau de compatibilidade foi determinado através do estudo do calor de hidratação nas primeiras 24 h e pela resistência à compressão axial após 28 dias dos compósitos formados por cimento e pó de madeira na relação de peso de 13,3:1. A resistência à compressão axial após 28 dias também foi avaliada em compósitos formados com cimento e partículas de madeira na relação 2,75:1. Os resultados dos testes feitos com a madeira em pó indicaram que a adição de 3% de cloreto de cálcio é o tratamento mais eficiente para reduzir a capacidade de inibição da espécie, enquanto o tratamento do pó da madeira com hidróxido de cálcio afetou negativamente a compatibilidade. Entretanto, a combinação do aditivo cloreto de cálcio com partículas carbonatadas, pelo tratamento com hidróxido de cálcio, foi o que apresentou a maior resistência à compressão axial nos compósitos feitos na relação cimento:madeira de 2,75:1. A madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii apresentou potencial para a fabricação de painéis madeira-cimento. O uso da metodologia de carbonatação das partículas em solução de hidróxido de cálcio também é viável como pré-tratamento, independentemente dos resultados apontados pelos métodos tradicionais de medição do grau de compatibilidade.

Caracterização física e mecânica de argamassas à base de cimento Portland e cinza de casca de arroz residual

A casca de arroz, utilizada como fonte de energia em indústrias de beneficiamento de arroz, converte-se, depois da queima, em uma cinza residual. Esse resíduo, ainda sem um destino adequado, é muitas vezes depositado em grandes áreas abertas e provoca elevado impacto ambiental. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de utilização da cinza de casca de arroz (CCA) residual na produção de argamassas, como substituta parcial do cimento. A caracterização da CCA foi realizada por meio da análise de fluorescência de raios-X (composição química), análise do teor de carbono e difração de raios-X; também foi realizada análise granulométrica a laser. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a dois tipos de exposição: ambientes externo e interno, com duração máxima de cinco meses. Foram realizados os ensaios de resistência à compressão simples e não destrutivo (velocidade do pulso ultrassônico - VPU). Embora as argamassas tenham apresentado bom desempenho mecânico, os ensaios de pozolanicidade indicaram que a cinza de casca de arroz residual utilizada não é uma pozolana, mas pode ser utilizada em matrizes cimentícias como material inerte (filler).