Análise da variabilidade de isoenzimas em acessos e cultivares de girassol

O número de genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) disponíveis aos agricultores é pequeno e pouco se conhece sobre os genótipos provenientes de outros países que possam ser utilizados no melhoramento genético desta cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade genética de 31 acessos e de cinco cultivares nos sistemas isoenzimáticos fosfoglicomutase (PGM), 6fosfogliconato desidrogenase (PGD), fosfoglicoisomerase (PGI) e esterase (EST). Utilizou-se a técnica de eletroforese em gel de amido/penetrose para o fracionamento das isoenzimas da PGM, PGI e PGD e focalização isoelétrica para EST. Foram detectados um total de seis locos e 14 alelos para estes quatro sistemas. Observou-se variantes alélicas para os locos Pgi2, Pgm1, Pgd2, cada um com dois alelos, e para Est1, que apresentou seis alelos. Os testes de adequação aos modelos de equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e de Wright evidenciaram que em dez acessos houve um desvio significativo de endocruzamento.

Role of mast cell- and non-mast cell-derived inflammatory mediators in immunologic induction of synaptic plasticity

We have previously discovered a long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission in mammal autonomic ganglia caused by immunological activation of ganglionic mast cells. Subsequent to mast cell activation, lipid and peptide mediators are released which may modulate synaptic function. In this study we determined whether some mast cell-derived mediators, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2; 1.0 µM), platelet aggregating factor (PAF; 0.3 µM) and U44619 (a thromboxane analogue; 1.0 µM), and also endothelin-1 (ET-1; 0.5 µM) induce synaptic potentiation in the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion (SCG), and compared their effects on synaptic transmission with those induced by a sensitizing antigen, ovalbumin (OVA; 10 µg/ml). The experiments were carried out on SCGs isolated from adult male guinea pigs (200-250 g) actively sensitized to OVA, maintained in oxygenated Locke solution at 37oC. Synaptic potentiation was measured through alterations of the integral of the post-ganglionic compound action potential (CAP). All agents tested caused long-term (LTP; duration ³30 min) or short-term (STP; <30 min) potentiation of synaptic efficacy, as measured by the increase in the integral of the post-ganglionic CAP. The magnitude of mediator-induced potentiation was never the same as the antigen-induced long-term potentiation (A-LTP). The agent that best mimicked the antigen was PGD2, which induced a 75% increase in CAP integral for LTP (antigen: 94%) and a 34% increase for STP (antigen: 91%). PAF-, U44619-, and ET-1-induced increases in CAP integral ranged for LTP from 34 to 47%, and for STP from 0 to 26%. These results suggest that the agents investigated may participate in the induction of A-LTP