Expedi����es coloniais de coleta e a busca por oportunidades no sert��o amaz��nico, c. 1750-1800

O artigo analisa a participa����o dos ind��genas nas atividades de coleta das drogas do sert��o, durante a vig��ncia do Diret��rio dos ��ndios. Ele sugere uma explica����o para os casos de participa����o volunt��ria naquelas expedi����es: nelas os ind��genas encontravam espa��o para a����o independente, fomentavam a expans��o de redes sociais e configuravam perspectivas econ��micas.

FORMA����O DA CONSCI��NCIA DO JUIZ NO VICE-REINADO DO PERU

O presente artigo procura analisar, por meio da obra Flores Summarum seu Alphabetum Morale, do teólogo jesuíta peruano Juan de Alloza (1597-1666), os argumentos e as proposições utilizadas para formar a consciência dos juízes à hora de prolatarem as suas sentenças, tentando mostrar como a teologia moral exercia uma profunda influência nas questões jurídicas e nas decisões judiciais durante os séculos XVII e XVIII na América espanhola.

Tratamiento contra la rabia humana: un poco de su historia

El presente trabajo es una revisi��n hist��rica del tratamiento utilizado contra la rabia humana, desde la antig��edad hasta el momento actual. Pretende hacer una analog��a entre el concepto de causa predominante en la ��poca y el tipo de tratamiento utilizado. Los griegos antiguos ten��an la diosa Artemisa como sanadora de la rabia y ya utilizaban la cauterizaci��n de la herida. Los pueblos del siglo I conoc��an la capacidad infecciosa en la saliva de perros rabiosos, llamando a ese material de veneno virus (en lat��n). En la Edad Media, cuando prevalec��a un concepto m��gico y religioso de la salud, el gran protector era San Humberto. Con el Renacimiento surgen nuevamente muchos experimentos y avances en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, que sentaron las bases para los importantes hallazgos en el futuro pr��ximo. En esa ��poca predominaba la teor��a miasm��tica y del contagio. Pasteur fue un grande opositor de la espontaneidad de la rabia. A finales del siglo XIX, con los descubrimientos microbianos, Pasteur hizo la gran revoluci��n cient��fica en relaci��n al tratamiento contra la rabia, que es la vacuna. Las vacunas pueden actualmente ser de tipo nervioso o no, variando tambi��n el numero de dosis recomendadas. Se han desarrollado muchos estudios sobre vacunas, siendo la m��s utilizada en Am��rica Latina del tipo Fuenzalida y Palacios, y la recomendada actualmente por la OMS es la de cultivo celular.

Outbreak of persistent cutaneous abscesses due to Mycobacterium chelonae after mesotherapy sessions, Lima, Peru

Outbreaks of rapidly growing mycobacteria have been occasionally described. The article reports an outbreak of cutaneous abscesses due to Mycobacterium chelonae following mesotherapy in Lima, Peru. From December 2004 through January 2005, 35 subjects who had participated in mesotherapy training sessions presented with persistent cutaneous abscesses. Thirteen (37%) of these suspected cases consented to underwent clinical examination. Skin punch-biopsies were collected from suspicious lesions and substances injected during mesotherapy were analyzed. Suspected cases were mainly young women and lesions included subcutaneous nodules, abscesses and ulcers. Mycobacterium chelonae was isolated from four patients and from a procaine vial. In conclusion, it is important to consider mesotherapy as a potential source of rapidly growing mycobacteria infections.

Distribucion geografica de Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), vector de la batonellosis humana en el Peru

Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913) (Diptera: Psychodidae), vector natural de la verruga peruana o enfermedad de Carri��n es una especie propia del Per��. Su distribuci��n geogr��fica esta entre los paralelos 5�� y 13��25' de latitud Sur, se encuentra en los valles Occidentales e Interandinos de los Andes. La distribuci��n altitudinal de Lu. verrucarum en los diversos valles es variable; asi: Occidentales, desde 1100 hasta 2980 msnm e Interandinos, de 1200 a 3200 msnm. En ciertas ��reas verruc��genas no hay correlaci��n entre la presencia de Lu. verrucarum y la enfermedad de Carri��n lo que suguiere la existencia de vectores secundarios.

Chicken as potential contamination source of Campylocacter lari in Iquitos, Peru

In order to know the importance of chicken as natural reservoir of Campylobacter lari in Iquitos, Peru; samples were obtained by cloacal swabs from 200 chickens and immediately placed into a semisolid enrichment medium; these were streaked on modified Skirrow Agar. The organism was isolated from 21 (10.5%) samples, corresponding 58.8% to biovar I and 41.2% to biovar II (Lior scheme). The results provide evidence that chicken appear to be prominent reservoirs of Campylobacter lari in Iquitos.

Carriage of the classical thermotolerant campylobacters in healthy domestic animals from Eastern Peru

Com o objetivo de conhecer a import��ncia dos animais dom��sticos como reservat��rios naturais dos cl��ssicos campylobacters termotolerantes, amostras de fezes foram obtidas de mam��feros e aves do leste do Peru e imediatamente colocadas num meio de enriquecimento. T��cnicas convencionais foram utilizadas para identificar C. jejuni ssp. jejuni, C. coli e C. lari. Campylobacter foi isolado em 26,5% dos animais estudados, sendo C. jejuni ssp. jejuni biovar I o mais freq��ente (8,9%). O frango foi o reservat��rio mais importante destes microorganismos (54,0%).

POSSIBLE ROLE OF LUTZOMYIA MARANONENSIS AND LUTZOMYIA ROBUSTA (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) AS VECTORS OF HUMAN BARTONELLOSIS IN THREE PROVINCES OF REGION NOR ORIENTAL DEL MARA��ON, PERU

Human bartonellosis is found predominantly in Per��2, 6, 8, 12, 15, as well as in Ecuador3, 7, 10 and Colombia13, 15. In Peru, the disease is restricted to the valleys of the western-side and a few inter-andean and eastern-slopes of the andean valleys6, 15, 18 at altitudes between 1000 and 3200 masl. Most human cases are reported from the regions of Chavin, Nor Oriental del Mara��on and Lima16. Lutzomyia verrucarum is presumed to be the only vector of human bartonellosis in the valleys of Peru1, 2, 8, 11, 17, 19/ Our research objetive was to detect the presence of Lu. verrucarum in various localities known to be endemic for human bartonellosis in three provinces of Region Nor Oriental del Mara��on. Sandfly collections were made between 1987 and 1992 during four visits to bartonellosis-endemic provinces: San Ignacio (districts of San Jos�� de Lourdes: 1020-1260 m and La Coipa: 1200-1560 m), Ja��n (districts of Santa Rosa: 1300-1680 m and Ja��n: 1220-1680 m) and Utcubamba (districts of Lonya Grande: 1200 m and El Milagro: 1200-1540 m)