Power and selection of contract terms: The case from the Brazilian orange juice sector

ABSTRACT We propose a model to explain how contract terms are selected in the presence of a form of economic power: contract power. The orange juice sector is used to illustrate an analysis that demonstrates the effects of contract power on the economic organization of the sector. We define contract power as the ability to exploit contractual gaps or failures of contractual provisions, which are strategically left incomplete. Empirical evidence from content analysis of antitrust documents supports the logic of contract power in the orange juice sector in three forms: avoiding changes to payment methods from weight to solid contents (quality); using information asymmetries to manipulate indexes that calculate the formula of orange prices; and deliberately harvesting oranges late in order to dehydrate the fruit, which consequently reduces weight and price. The paper contributes to understanding the selection of contract terms and the debate about how antitrust offices can deal with this issue.

Terceirização em informática no Brasil

Este trabalho descreve uma pesquisa de campo feita no Brasil em 1995. Foram consultadas 125 empresas para investigar aspectos ligados a motivações para terceirizar em informática, os mecanismos pelo quais esse processo se materializa, os resultados alcançados e os problemas enfrentados como conseqüência desta opção. São revelados alguns importantes aspectos, até então pouco conhecidos, sobre esta realidade no contexto brasileiro.

Terceirização em informática sob a ótica do prestador de serviços

Este trabalho descreve uma pesquisa de campo feita no Brasil em 1996. Foram consultadas empresas prestadoras de serviços, buscando melhor compreender esse lado da relação numa parceria cujo objeto são os serviços de informática. Trata-se de um aspecto que até então não havia sido abordado na realidade brasileira e que trouxe à luz importantes conclusões que facilitam o estabelecimento de processos de terceirização.

Relacionamentos colaborativos em redes de suprimentos

Algumas das tendências recentes relacionadas às práticas de gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos - como outsourcing estratégico, diferenciação e especialização de funções, arranjos colaborativos, ampliação e incremento dos níveis de serviços logísticos - estão sendo impulsionadas por empresas interessadas em otimizar a coordenação logística em um cenário de crescente customização e complexidade no mundo dos negócios. As estratégias de segmentação de fornecedores e clientes no contexto da cadeia de suprimentos representam uma oportunidade para estimular ambientes colaborativos e incrementar, assim, a qualidade dos serviços e produtos oferecidos aos clientes finais, bem como reduzir os custos produtivos e logísticos. Neste artigo, defende-se a idéia de que as estratégias de segmentação em determinados regimes (parceria e quase-mercado) definem a infra-estrutura relacional adequada para suportar práticas colaborativas nas transações entre os agentes econômicos e, conseqüentemente, favorecer os padrões de competitividade de empresas e cadeias de suprimento.

CAUSE-FIT, POSITIVE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS WITHIN HYBRID COLOMBIAN ORGANIZATIONS

ABSTRACTSocially oriented ventures have provided livelihoods and social recognition to disadvantaged communities in different corners of the world. In some cases, these ventures are the result of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. In Latin America, this type of undertaking has responded positively to unmet social needs. The social cause drives these organizations and their human resources and they give high value to organizational cause-fit. This paper presents empirical evidence of the effects of perceived cause-fit on several worker attitudes and behaviors. Psychological contract theory was adopted as theoretical background. Employees working in a hybrid (for-profit/socially oriented) Colombian organization created by a CSR program participated in the survey. Data provided by 218 employees were analyzed using PLS structural equation modeling. The results suggest the ideological components of the employee-employer relationship predict positive attitudes and cooperative organizational behaviors towards hybrid organizations.

Regional governance: strategies and disputes in health region management

OBJECTIVE To analyze the regional governance of the health systemin relation to management strategies and disputes.METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES A qualitative study with health managers from 19 municipalities in the health region of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. Data were drawn from 17 semi-structured interviews of state, regional, and municipal health policymakers and managers; a focus group; observations of the regional interagency committee; and documents in 2012. The political-institutional and the organizational components were analyzed in the light of dialectical hermeneutics.RESULTS The regional interagency committee is the chief regional governance strategy/component and functions as a strategic tool for strengthening governance. It brings together a diversity of members responsible for decision making in the healthcare territories, who need to negotiate the allocation of funding and the distribution of facilities for common use in the region. The high turnover of health secretaries, their lack of autonomy from the local executive decisions, inadequate technical training to exercise their function, and the influence of party politics on decision making stand as obstacles to the regional interagency committee’s permeability to social demands. Funding is insufficient to enable the fulfillment of the officially integrated agreed-upon program or to boost public supply by the system, requiring that public managers procure services from the private market at values higher than the national health service price schedule (Brazilian Unified Health System Table). The study determined that “facilitators” under contract to health departments accelerated access to specialized (diagnostic, therapeutic and/or surgical) services in other municipalities by direct payment to physicians for procedure costs already covered by the Brazilian Unified Health System.CONCLUSIONS The characteristics identified a regionalized system with a conflictive pattern of governance and intermediate institutionalism. The regional interagency committee’s managerial routine needs to incorporate more democratic devices for connecting with educational institutions, devices that are more permeable to social demands relating to regional policy making.