O uso da cultura celular (Hela) para triagem de novas drogas com ação "antitumoral"

A descoberta de novas drogas (produtos naturais e substâncias sintéticas) com atividade antineoplástica vem sendo dificultada devido ao teste de laboratório "in vitro". Optou-se, então por usar para triagem dessas drogas antitumorais a cultura de cálula humana neoplástica cultivada de modo contínuo: a linhagem de célula Hela derivada por Gey de uma carcinoma uterino humano. Foi utilizada uma cultura de célula estacionária, diluída 0-20 mcg/ml (conteúdo proteico celular, segundo técnica de Oyama e Eagle) em meio basal de Eagle com 10% de soro de vitelo, acrescido de penicilina 100 unidades/ml, estreptomicina 100 mcg/ml e fungizon 5 mcg/ml. A essa cultura adicionou-se o material a ser testado em doses compreendidas entre 0,001 mcg/ml a 100 mcg/ml. Após 72 horas, os resultados foram analisados para determinar-se a DI 50 (dose que inibe 50% do crescimento celular comparado ao controle). O numero de experimentos foram constantes para uma mesma droga. Foram testados 18 substâncias sintéticas e 16 produtos naturais. Consideraram-se ativas as amostras com DI 50≤40 mcg/ml para produtos naturais e com DI 50≤8 mcg/ml para substâncias sintéticas devido a menor sensibilidade da referida linhagem celular em relação a KB (derivada de carcinoma epidermóide de nasofaringe humana) cultura utilizada pelo National Cancer Institute (U.S.A) para objetivos similares ao proposto no presente trabalho.

A review of achievements of the national schistosomiasis control program in middle and upper Egypt areas

In Egypt the "national schistosomiasis control program" was formulated to control transmission by reduction of prevalence and intensity of current infections, and thereby achieve an acceptable level of schistosomiasis disease control. The program was implemented foremost in Middle Egypt (1977) and Upper Egypt (1980), collectively extending 800 km alongside of the River Nile and accommodate about 10.5 million people. Schistosoma haematobium has been essentially the prevailing species infection in both areas. The strategy of control entailed both area-wide mollusciciding with niclosamide, and selective population chemotherapy with metrifonate. Evaluation in 1986 showed that prevalence dropped from pre-control 29.4% in Middle Egypt and 26.3% in Upper Egypt to 6% and 7.8% respectively, together with a remarkable drop of infections among children. Also mean intensity attained low levels consistent of low grade infections. It is evident therefore that in these areas where an enhancement of schistosomiasis infections had been anticipated the employment of the twofold strategy effected a state of low-prevalence/low-intensity signifying a lowered reservoir of infection and a substantial interference with the potentials of transmission.

Historical review of clinical vaccine studies at Oswaldo Cruz Institute and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - technological development issues

This paper presents, from the perspective of technological development and production, the results of an investigation examining 61 clinical studies with vaccines conducted in Brazil between 1938-2013, with the participation of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC) and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz). These studies have been identified and reviewed according to criteria, such as the kind of vaccine (viral, bacterial, parasitic), their rationale, design and methodological strategies. The results indicate that IOC and Fiocruz have accumulated along this time significant knowledge and experience for the performance of studies in all clinical phases and are prepared for the development of new vaccines products and processes. We recommend national policy strategies to overcome existing regulatory and financing constraints.

Nursing care in the anesthetic procedure: an integrative review

Abstract OBJECTIVE To search for the scientific evidence available on nursing professional actions during the anesthetic procedure. METHOD An integrative review of articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, National Cochrane, SciELO databases and the VHL portal. RESULTS Seven studies were analyzed, showing nurse anesthetists' work in countries such as the United States and parts of Europe, with the formulation of a plan for anesthesia and patient care regarding the verification of materials and intraoperative controls. The barriers to their performance involved working in conjunction with or supervised by anesthesiologists, the lack of government guidelines and policies for the legal exercise of the profession, and the conflict between nursing and the health system for maintenance of the performance in places with legislation and defined protocols for the specialty. Conclusion Despite the methodological weaknesses found, the studies indicated a wide diversity of nursing work. Furthermore, in countries absent of the specialty, like Brazil, the need to develop guidelines for care during the anesthetic procedure was observed.