Science education and popularization of science in the biomedical area: its role for the future of science and of society

This paper presents the main subjects discussed in the round-table: "Educational Base for Biomedical Research", during the International Symposium on Biomedical Research in the 21st century; two main aspects will be focused: (1) the importance of popularizing science in order to stimulate comprehension of the scientific process and progress, their critical thinking, citizenship and social commitment, mainly in the biomedical area, considering the new advances of knowledge and the resulting technology; (2) the importance to stimulate genuine scientific vocation among young people, by giving them opportunity to early experience scientific environment, throught the hands of well prepared master in a humanistic atmosphere.

Information and education in schistosomiasis control: an analysis of the situation in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

This paper presents the main ideas discussed in the round-table "Social and Educacional Aspects of Schistosomiasis Control", during the VII International Symposium of Schistosomiais. Considering the perspectives of schistosomiasis control in Brazil, it is described the example of the State of Minas Gerais , where the disease has been registered for more than seven decades. The importance of an extensive evaluation is now more important, considering the recent change in the Brazilian health system, since the Federal responsibility for the tropical diseases control programs have been replaced by the municipalities coordination. In this way, it is urgent to develop effective alternatives to assist the municipal staffs in the control task. In the specific case of health education, one observes a wide gap between the planned objectives and what is in fact carried out. Instant objectives and the utilization of traditional techniques prevail, which do not take into account the active participation of the population involved. Based on the authors' experience in the scientific and health education, the paper analyzes: (1) some data from a case study in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, which presents the social representation and perception of schistosomiasis by the population; (2) an analysis of 35 different informative and educative materials used in Brazil since the sixties, and (3) some recommendations resulted from the studies that were carried out.

Addressing conflicts of interest in the research paper: a societal demand in contemporary science?

In the last decade, dialogue between science and society has found a forum in an increasing number of publications on topics such as public engagement with science and public trust in science. Concerning the latter, issues that include cases of research misconduct, accountability in research, and conflicts of interest (COIs) have shaped global discussions on the communication of science. In the publication setting, the perception that hiding COIs and/or not managing them well may affect public trust in the research record has grown among editors. We conducted a search for editorials addressing COIs between 1989 and 2011, using four major databases: Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge. We explored the content of these editorials and the relationship they established between COIs and the public trust in science. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between disclosure of COIs and public trust in science has become a major concern among editors. We, thus, argue that COIs should be discussed more openly and frequently in graduate courses in the sciences, around the globe, not only in biomedical but also in non-biomedical areas. This is a critical issue in contemporary science, as graduate students are the future voices and decision-makers of the research community. Therefore, COIs, especially in the broader context of science and society, merit closer attention from policymakers, researchers, and educators. At times of great expectations for public engagement with science, mishandling of COIs may have undesirable consequences for public engagement with science and confidence in the scientific endeavor.

Higher education in nursing: the faculty work process in different institutional contexts

Objective To analyze the characteristics of faculty work in nursing higher education. Method An exploratory qualitative study with a theoretical-methodological framework of dialectical and historical materialism. The faculty work process was adopted as the analytical category, grounded on conceptions of work and professionalism. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 faculty members from three higher education institutions in the city of São Paulo, classified according to the typology of institutional contexts. Results The faculty members at these higher education institutions are a heterogeneous group, under different working conditions. Intensification and precarious conditions of the faculty work is common to all three contexts, although there are important distinctions in the practices related to teaching, research and extension. Conclusion Faculty professionalization can be the starting point for analyzing and coping with such a distinct reality of faculty work and practice.


Temática das dissertações e teses em ciência da informação no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da USP

Estudo de natureza descritiva cujo objetivo foi traçar um panorama temático das dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado apresentadas ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Comunicação Área de concentração: Ciência da Informação e Documentação da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de 1979 a 2002. O universo de estudo constituiu-se de 114 documentos (75 dissertações de mestrado e 39 teses de doutorado). As variáveis da produção analisada referiram-se à distribuição temporal, temáticas abordadas e sua relação com as linhas de pesquisa departamentais. As dissertações/teses foram agrupadas nas categorias da Lista de Cabeçalho de Assunto adotada pelo Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA). Observou-se que a produção discente da pós-graduação manteve-se estável no período, com tendência a aumentar. Na análise temática, as categorias 19.0 Other Fringe Subjects [Outros Assuntos Correlatos] e 12.0 Bibliographc Records [Registro Bibliográfico] foram as mais abordadas, detendo respectivamente, 22,81% e 15,54% da produção. Foram identificados como temas de maior interesse para a elaboração dos trabalhos: ação cultural, sistemas e linguagens de indexação, materiais em C&T e medicina, bibliotecas públicas e meios de comunicação de massa. Contatou-se que as temáticas abordadas na produção refletem as características da área de concentração e das linhas de pesquisa.

Relación entre los conceptos: información, conocimiento y valor. Semejanzas y diferencias

Se analiza el problema de las semejanzas y diferencias entre la información, el conocimiento y el valor tomando como elementos de análisis sus fuentes de origen, las actividades que se realizan para obtenerlas y sus características específicas. Se concluye que existen diferencias esenciales entre esos tres fenómenos, y que no pueden ser vistos como tres etapas de un mismo y único proceso. La misma conclusión es válida para diferenciar la sociedad de la información, la sociedad del conocimiento y la sociedad del valor.

Promovendo a argumentação no ensino superior de química

Studies have demonstrated the importance of argumentation in science education. Based on this assertion, we have tried to develop argumentative abilities in chemistry undergraduate students through a teaching methodology based on case studies. The process culminated with class presentations by student groups about possible solutions for the cases. To assess the quality of students' argumentation, videotapes of group presentations were collected and analyzed using Toulmin's Argument Pattern (TAP). TAP illustrates the nature of an argument in terms of claims, data, warrants, backings, and rebuttals. The findings of this work support the idea that the case study approach is an effective strategy for enhancing students' ability to argument.

Epistemological anarchism of Paul Karl Feyerabend and medical education

The thoughts of the philosopher Paul Karl Feyerabend brought important contributions to the debate on Science in the 20th century. Most recently his views about non-existence of a single method for doing science have been employed to rethink science education and propose the use of multiple methods for effective teaching-learning process. This article employs the theoretical framework of the author expressed in the book Against Method, 1977, about the epistemological anarchism and the methodological pluralism and uses it in the contemporary discussion of medical education.