Respostas cardiovasculares ao exercício resistido são afetadas pela carga e intervalos entre séries

FUNDAMENTO: O controle das respostas cardiovasculares durante exercício resistido (ER) é importante para a segurança do paciente. OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência do número de repetições máximas (RM) e dos intervalos de recuperação entre séries (IR) sobre a frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e duplo produto (DP) durante ER. MÉTODOS: Vinte sujeitos saudáveis (26 ± 5 anos) realizaram protocolos de ER envolvendo três séries do leg press (6 e 12 RM) e IR proporcional ao tempo de contração (1:3 e 1:5). Aferiu-se a FC continuamente com cardiofrequencímetro e a PAS foi verificada ao final das séries, por meio de protocolo validado com método auscultatório. RESULTADOS: A FC sofreu influência da carga (p = 0,008) e das séries (p < 0,001), mas não do IR (p = 0,087). A PAS sofreu efeito isolado do número de séries (p < 0,001) e do IR (p = 0,017), mas não da carga (p = 0,95). O DP elevou-se em relação direta com a carga (p = 0,036) e com as séries (p < 0,001), mas inversamente ao IR (p = 0,006). Nos protocolos de 6 RM, a variação da FC foi maior para IR = 1:3 (Δ = 11,2 ± 1,1 bpm) do que para IR = 1:5 (Δ = 4,5 ± 0,2 bpm; p = 0,002), mas não houve diferença para 12 RM (Δ 1:3 = 21,1 ± 2,2 bpm; Δ 1:5 = 18,9 ± 2,0 bpm, p = 0,83). O IR influenciou a variação da PAS em todas as cargas (6 RM - Δ 1:3 = 10,6 ± 0,9 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 6,6 ± 0,7 mmHg; p = 0,02 e 12 RM - Δ 1:3 = 15,2 ± 1,1 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 8,4 ± 0,7 mmHg; p = 0,04). O DP elevou-se proporcionalmente à carga (p = 0,036) e para séries (p < 0,001), mas inversamente ao IR (p = 0,006). Com IR = 1:3, houve diferença de DP para 6 RM (Δ = 2.892 ± 189 mmHg.bpm) e 12 RM (Δ = 4.587 ± 300 mmHg.bpm; p = 0,018), mas não com IR = 1:5 (6 RM: Δ = 1.224 ± 141 mmHg.bpm, 12 RM: Δ = 2.332 ± 194 mmHg.bpm; p = 0,58). CONCLUSÃO: Independentemente da carga, um maior IR associou-se a menores respostas cardiovasculares durante ER, especialmente de PAS.

Survey of the leg exocrine glands in termites(Isoptera)

A survey of the leg exocrine glands in the termite workers of 16 species of the families Kalotermitidae and Termitidae was carried out through scanning electron microscope. Glandular openings were not found in the legs of Anoplotermes sp., Ruptitermes sp. (Apicotermitinae, Termitidae) or Glyptotermes planus (Kalotermitidae), but they are present, spread over the ventral surface of the first, second and third tarsomeres of other Termitidae such as Armitermes euamignathus, Cornitermes cumulans, Nasutitermes coxipoensis, Rhynchotermes nasutissimus, Syntermes nanus, Embiratermes festivellus (Nasutitermitinae), Amitermes beaumonti, Hoplotermes amplus, Microcerotermes sp., Neocapritermes opacus, Orthognathotermes sp., Spinitermes brevicornutus and Termes sp. (Termitinae). The pores are usually isolated but they can also be grouped inside a round depression. The occurrence of leg exocrine glands in the family Termitidae is reported for the first time.

Caracteres das sementes, plântulas e plantas jovens de Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms E Ormosia fastigiata Tul. (Leg-papilionoideae)

Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms e Ormosia fastigiata Tul. são espécies similares em muitos caracteres morfológicos, o que resulta em dificuldade na sua identificação, tanto em campo quanto em material herborizado. Neste estudo foram descritas as características morfológicas das sementes e morfoanatômicas das plântulas e plantas jovens de O. arborea e O. fastigiata, coletadas em restinga e em mata ciliar, respectivamente. Sementes e plântulas foram processadas segundo técnicas usuais. As sementes de O. arborea são mais pesadas e têm germinação hipógea criptocotiledonar. O caule contém tricomas tectores esparsos e grande quantidade de lenticelas e, na raiz, nodulações. A folha apresenta parênquima paliçádico de células mais curtas, com base mais larga e presença de pigmentos vacuolares, espaços intercelulares conspícuos no parênquima esponjoso, tricomas tectores restritos à nervura principal e células epidérmicas da face adaxial maiores que as da face abaxial. A germinação de O. fastigiata é fanerocotiledonar, e a plântula possui muitos tricomas ao longo do caule e lenticelas restritas à região basal deste. As folhas apresentam tricomas tectores em todas as nervuras, com parênquima paliçádico de células tipicamente alongadas e parênquima esponjoso com espaços intercelulares reduzidos. Tais características são consistentes para separar as plântulas e sementes dessas espécies, que têm a mesma denominação popular e contribuem com informações úteis para o meio produtivo.

Emergence of corn according to the sowing depth of the seed and loads on press wheels

The seeding process was the operation that suffered the most changes in no-tillage system due the cover crop soil and new particle soil arrangement. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of loads applied to the wheels and adjustments of sowing depth on seedling emergence of corn in no-tillage system. The experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial arrangement 5x4, with five loads applied to the wheels and four theoretical sowing depth adjustments. The real sowing depth increased in the lower theoretical depth and decreased in the higher theoretical depth, due to the compaction loads. Regarding the time of emergence, loads applied had not influence at the greater depths. Emergence time decreased with the load increase in the lower depths. Thus, the adjustment of the compactor wheels can influence in the corn seeding process.

Using data mining to identify factors that influence the degree of leg injuries in broilers

Locomotor problems prevent the bird to move freely, jeopardizing the welfare and productivity, besides generating injuries on the legs of chickens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of age, use of vitamin D, the asymmetry of limbs and gait score, the degree of leg injuries in broilers, using data mining. The analysis was performed on a data set obtained from a field experiment in which it was used two groups of birds with 30 birds each, a control group and one treated with vitamin D. It was evaluated the gait score, the asymmetry between the right and left toes, and the degree of leg injuries. The Weka ® software was used in data mining. In particular, C4.5 algorithm (also known as J48 in Weka environment) was used for the generation of a decision tree. The results showed that age is the factor that most influences the degree of leg injuries and that the data from assessments of gait score were not reliable to estimate leg weakness in broilers.

Static tests of constructive tires using hydraulic press on the soil

ABSTRACT The power consumption and load capacity of agricultural machines have grown and the effects of pressure on the soil by tires have been still little investigated. In concern with sustainable development, the relationship machine-tire-soil must be in balance to give more consistency on the best use of tires for a given load. This study aimed to evaluate four tires of two constructive types, the bias belted tires and radial tires, both with respective rim diameters of 22.5 and 26.5 inches with variables measuring the footprint, elastic deformation, sinkage and resistance to penetration. A hydraulic press with an attachment shaft for tire mounting and a box of soil in which the tire has been imposed on a load of 53.00 kN using nominal pressures recommended by the tire manufacturer. The radial construction tire with rim diameter of 26.5 inches obtained less sinkage and resistance to penetration; however, greater elastic deformation and footprint compared to other tires. The bias-belted tire with 22.5-inch rim presented the highest resistance to penetration and the lowest elastic deformation.

Use of local muscle flaps to cover leg bone exposures

Objective: To evaluate the use of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and/or soleus muscle flaps as surgical treatment of the leg bone exposure.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients undergoing transposition of the medial gastrocnemius and / or soleus for treating exposed bone in the leg, from January 1976 to July 2009, gathering information on epidemiological data, the etiology the lesion, the time between the initial injury and muscle transposition, the muscle used to cover the lesion, the healing evolution of the skin coverage and the function of the gastrocnemius-soleus unit.Results: 53 patients were operated, the ages varying between nine and 84 years (mean age 41); 42 were male and 11 female. The main initial injury was trauma (84.8%), consisting of tibia and / or fibula fracture. The most frequently used muscle was the soleus, in 40 cases (75.5%). The rank of 49 patients (92.5%) was excellent or good outcome, of three (5.6%) as regular and of one (1.9%) as unsatisfactory.Conclusion: the treatment of bone exposure with local muscle flaps (gastrocnemius and/or soleus) enables obtaining satisfactory results in covering of exposed structures, favoring local vascularization and improving the initial injury. It offers the advantage of providing a treatment in only one surgical procedure, an earlier recovery and reduced hospital stay.

Aborto em vacas na intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae)

As favas maduras de Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. procedentes de Mato Grosso, administradas a sete vacas com 3 a 7 meses de gestação, na dose de 5 g/kg/dia, durante 9 a 26 dias, causaram doença caractrizada por diminuição do apetite, diminuição da atividade ruminal, sialorréia, dificuldade em se levantar, andar desequilibrado, tremores musculares, acentuado emagrecimento e finalmente em 3 das 7 vacas, aborto entre 20 e 30 dias após o início da administração das favas; uma quarta vaca eliminou um feto mumificado 7 meses após o início do experimento. Três vacas deram nascimento a bezerros normais. Nos fetos abortados e nas placentas não foram verificadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas dignas de nota. Os presentes experimentos confirmam as informações obtidas em fazendas do cerrado nos Estados de São Paulo e Mato Grosso sobre a ocorrência de aborto em vacas que ingerem as favas de S. obovatum.