Ocorrência no Brasil de Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (O.F. Muller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), primeiro hospedeiro intermediário de Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) (Trematoda, Plathyhelmintes)

Relata-se a introdução em nosso meio de Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata possivelmente anterior a 1967, quando pela primeira vez foi coletada em Santos. Essa espécie pode comportar-se como primeiro hospedeiro intermediário de Paragonimus westermani e de Clonorchis sinensis. Somente o último trematódeo tem alguma possibilidade de vir a parasitar o homem, em nosso meio.

Ocorrência do molusco asiático Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) no baixo rio Negro, Amazônia central

O rio Negro é um dos maiores afluentes do rio Amazonas, mas poucos moluscos foram registrados até o momento para aquele rio, representados apenas por gastrópodes. Foi registrada a presença do molusco bivalve exótico Corbicula fluminea na margem esquerda do baixo rio Negro, no lago do Tupé e no Catalão - margem direita do rio Negro, todas localidades no município de Manaus, Brasil. O registro foi realizado por meio da coleta de conchas e espécimes vivos. É o primeiro registro de C. fluminea para o estado do Amazonas e Amazônia central.

Taxonomy, distribution and population structure of invasive Corbiculidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in the Suquía River basin, Córdoba, Argentina

Invasive species are one of the most significant causes of biodiversity loss and changes in ecosystem services, which underlines the importance of their detection and their study. The Asian clams (Corbiculidae) are invasive organisms that accidentally entered the La Plata River, Argentina, presumably in the 1960s. The objectives of the present study were to identify the corbiculid species and to determine their distribution at several locations along the Suquía River basin, an extended area in central Argentina. In addition, population structure was evaluated monthly during one year, at a site in the city of Córdoba that is characterized by high human influence. The presence of Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) and Corbicula largillierti (Philippi, 1844) in the Suquía River basin is reported for the first time. The former species was found only in a lentic environment (San Roque reservoir), while the latter was also found along the tributary rivers and brooks of the basin. Corbicula largillierti showed variations in average density between the different sites and also in biomass and size classes throughout the study period at the site at Córdoba city. The relative composition of the sediments, flow fluctuation and human pollution may be responsible for the observed differences.

Report of Lepocreadium Bimarium manter, 1940, Vitellibaculum Spinosa (Siddioi) & Cable, 1960) and Hirudinella Ventricosa (Pallas, 1774), parasites of marine fishes in Brazil

Lepocreadium bimarinum and Vitellibaculum spinosa are referred for the first time in Stephanolepis hispidus and in Brazil, and Hirudinella ventricosa is reported from Scomberomorus cavalla. Measurements, figures and comments are given.

The metazoan parasites of Stellifer minor (Tschudi, 1844): an ecological approach

A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the parasite fauna of the sciaenid Stellifer minor (Tschudi) from Chorrillos, Peru, was made. Some characteristics of the infectious processes, in terms of intensity and prevalence of infection, as a function of host sex and size, are given. Moreover, comments on the characteristics of the parasite fauna, related with host role in the marine food webs are included. The parasite fauna of Stellifer minor taken of Chorrillos, Peru, include the monogeneans Pedocotyle annakohni, Pedocotyle bravoi, Rhamnocercus sp. and Cynoscionicola sp., the digenean Helicometra fasciata, the adult acantocephalan Rhadinorhynchus sp. and the larval Corynosoma sp., the nematode Procamallanus sp., the copepods Caligus quadratus, Clavellotis dilatata and Bomolochus peruensis and one unidentified isopod of the family Cymothoidae. A distinctive characteristic of the parasite fauna (Metazoa) of S. minor is the almost absence of larval forms.

Kudoa sciaenae (Myxozoa: Multivalvulidae) cysts distribution in the somatic muscles of Stellifer minor (Tschudi, 1844) (Pisces: Sciaenidae)

The distribution of Kudoa sciaenae cysts (Myxozoa), in terms of intensity and prevalence, in the somatic muscles of the sciaenid Stellifer minor, shows an apparent preference for the anterior body region, including the head. The observed preference seems to be a consequence of the differential distribution of muscle mass, in the defined area, because when density (cyst/g dry muscle), is considered, all the somatic areas, but not cephalic area, do no show significant differences in terms of mean intensity and prevalence.

A new host of Trypanosoma cruzi from Jujuy, Argentina: octodontomys gliroides (Gervais & D'Orbigny, 1844) (Rodentia, Octodontidae)

To identify wild hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, surveys were conducted in the subandean valleys of Jujuy Province, Argentina, between June 1986 and March 1987. Seventy two mammals from 13 different species were examined by xenodiagnosis. Fifty two of them were mostly roedents trapped at the localities of Maimará, León and Tilcara, and the remainder had been kept in captivity at the Estación Biológica Experimental, in Jujuy. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was detected only in 2 Octodontomys gliroides (2 pos./8 exam. 25%) from all 72 examined mammals. Isolates were called Octodontomys Argentina 1 and 2 (OA1 and OA2). Both infected animals were caught at the archaelogical ruin of Pucará, at Tilcara. Repeated searches for triatomines in the ruin itself and in neighbour houses rendered negative results. Groups of mice inoculated with either OA1 or OA2 isolates became infected between 7 (OA1) to 12 days (OA2) postinoculation PI. Parasitemia peaks were observed between day 12th - 14th PI. Scarce amastigote nests were found in myocardium and skeletal muscle. Mortality was observed only for mice inoculated with OA1. Isoenzyme patterns of OA1 and OA2 were identical to one found in dogs and slightly different from that of human parasites in Argentina. Bones from Octodontomys sp., were recently found in a cave, dated 10200-8600 BC, in Pumamarca, near Tilcara, Jujuy. There are evidences that O. gliroides cohabited with man in ancient times and was associated to the domestic cycle of T. cruzi transmission, playing a role like that of domestic cavies. in Bolivia.

Notes on the biology of Amblyomma dissimile Kock, 1844 (Acari: Ixodida) on Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Brazil

Amblyomma dissimile is a common ectoparasite of cold blooded animals and is an accidental ectoparasite of some wild mammals. Details of the biology of specimens from the State of Amapá were studied in the laboratory in a humidity chamber at an average environmental temperature of 19.5 °C, using Bufo marinus as host for the time in Brazil. We also report the first record of this species in the State of Minas Gerais.

Brazilian distribution of Amblyomma varium Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), a common parasite of sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra)

Amblyomma varium, commonly known in Brazil as the "carrapato-gigante-da-preguiça" (sloth's giant tick) is found from southern Central America to Argentina. The present study adds information on the geographical distribution of A. varium, as well as on their hosts, based on material deposited in the main Brazilian collections and on the available literature. Eighty-two vials, containing 191 adult specimens, deposited in five Acari collections between 1930 and 2001, were examined. These vials included data on the host and collection localities. The biology of A. varium is unknown. However it is known that, during the adult stage, the tick presents a high host specificity and is found almost exclusively on the sloths Bradypus tridactylus, B. variegatus, B.torquatus (Bradypodidae), Choloepus hoffmanni and C. didactylus (Megalonychidae). Based on the material examined, the states of Rondônia, Amazonas, Bahia and Alagoas are newly assigned to geographic distribution of A. varium in Brazil.

Habitat preference of freshwater snails in relation to environmental factors and the presence of the competitor snail Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774)

Our objective is to evaluate the habitat preference of freshwater snails in relation to environmental factors and the presence of the competitor snail Melanoides tuberculatus. In the first phase, snails was collected at 12 sites. This sampling sites presented a degree of organic input. In the second phase 33 sampling sites were chosen, covering a variety of lotic and lentic environments. The snail species found at Guapimirim, state of Rio de Janeiro, displayed a marked habitat preference, specially in relation to the physical characteristics of each environment. Other limiting factors for snail distribution at the studied lotic environments were the water current velocity and the amount of organic matter, mainly to Physa marmorata, M. tuberculatus, and Biomphalaria tenagophila. The absence of interactions between M. tuberculatus and another snails could be associated to the distinct spatial distribution of those species and the instability of habitats. This later factor may favor the coexistence of M. tuberculatus with B. glabrata by reduction of population density. In areas of schistosomiasis transmission some habitat modification may add to the instability of the environment, which would make room for the coexistence of M. tuberculatus and Biomphalaria spp. In this way, some of the usual measures for the control of snail hosts would prevent the extinction of populations of Biomphalaria spp. by M. tuberculatus in particular habitats.

Sistemas de produção de feijão intercalado com cafeeiro adensado em período de formação ou após recepa

A consorciação de culturas anuais com o cafeeiro é realizada desde a introdução da cafeicultura no Brasil. Entretanto, os últimos resultados disponíveis foram obtidos com cultivares antigos e espaçamentos ultrapassados. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do número de linhas de plantas e da dose de adubação NPK do feijoeiro intercalado ao cafeeiro, foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo na Universidade Federal de Lavras, um em lavoura em formação (cv. Topázio) e outro em lavoura recepada (cv. Acaiá Cerrado), em duas épocas de plantio (das águas e da seca). O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 + 1, envolvendo quatro números de linhas intercalares de feijoeiro (uma, duas, três e quatro) e quatro doses de adubação (0, 50, 100 e 150% da adubação NPK recomendada para o monocultivo), mais um tratamento adicional (o monocultivo do cafeeiro ou do feijoeiro). Concluiu-se que o aumento do número de linhas de feijoeiro elevou o rendimento de grãos da leguminosa em cultivo intercalar ao cafeeiro, independentemente da dose de adubação, do tipo de manejo da lavoura (formação ou recepa) e da época de plantio, mas reduziu o incremento no diâmetro do caule do cafeeiro em formação, a emissão de nós e o crescimento dos ramos plagiotrópicos, tanto no cafeeiro em formação quanto no recepado. O emprego da adubação NPK em até 150% do equivalente à dose recomendada para o monocultivo não influenciou o rendimento de grãos do feijoeiro intercalado ao cafeeiro.

Comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com rações contendo quatro níveis de inclusão do farelo de mamona

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de observar a influência de quatro níveis de substituição (0; 50; 75 ou 100%) do farelo de soja pelo farelo de mamona destoxificado em rações para ovinos mestiços 1/2 Morada Nova x 1/2 SPRD (sem padrão racial definido) sobre o seu comportamento ingestivo. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os ovinos eram machos, inteiros, com peso corporal 18,01 ± 1,41 kg e idade média de 7 meses. Foram avaliadas atividades contínuas (tempo de alimentação, ruminação, outras atividades e ócio) e pontuais (consumo de sal, ingestão de água, micção e defecação), como também a eficiência de alimentação (EAL), eficiência de ruminação (ERU), tempo de alimentação (TAL), tempo de ruminação (TRU), tempo de mastigação total (TMT), número de bolos ruminais (BOL), tempo de mastigações merícicas por bolo ruminal (MMtb) e número de mastigações merícicas por bolo ruminal (MMnb). As variáveis tempo de alimentação, ruminação, outras atividades, ócio, consumo de sal e ingestão de água foram afetadas (P<0,05), especialmente o MMnb, que foi inferior para os animais alimentados com as rações com 100% de substituição, possivelmente pelo seu menor teor de fibra (oriundo da forragem), sendo possível a substituição total do farelo de soja pelo farelo de mamona destoxificado.

Criadouros de Biomphalaria, temporários e permanentes, em Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE

Realizou-se um inquérito malacológico em criadouros, permanentes e temporários, no bairro de Piedade, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, entre novembro de 2006 e novembro de 2007 com o objetivo de conhecer a fauna malacológica dessa localidade, bem como o potencial de transmissão da esquistossomose mansoni. Além de Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), foram coletados moluscos Drepanotrema cimex (Moricand, 1837), Pomacea sp e Melanoides tuberculatus (Muller, 1774). Do total de Biomphalaria glabrata coletado, 1.490 exemplares encontraram-se vivos, sendo que 74 (5%) estavam positivos para Schistosoma mansoni. O maior número de moluscos capturados e todos aqueles positivos para Schistosoma mansoni foram coletados na estação anual das chuvas. Foi observada também a presença de outras larvas de trematódeos infectando os moluscos Biomphalaria glabrata. Pertencentes às famílias Strigeidae e Diplostomatidae, apresentam, a primeira vista, morfologia que pode levar a confusão com as cercárias do Schistosoma mansoni, tornando-se indispensável seu conhecimento para o diagnóstico diferencial do agente causador da esquistossomose.

New strategies for active finding of leprosy cases in the Amazonian region

AbstractINTRODUCTION: The use of the Self-Image Form (SIF) expands the identification of active leprosy cases to neighbors of index cases.METHODS: The SIF was used to screen two groups: case (neighbors of index cases of leprosy) and control (individuals residing next to houses without leprosy) group. A specialist investigated suspected leprosy cases for disease confirmation.RESULTS: New cases of leprosy were diagnosed in the case group (n = 7, 8.6%), but not the control group.CONCLUSIONS: The new surveillance strategy is inexpensive, efficient, and feasible within a primary health strategy. Future studies can help improve the use of the SIF.