Abdominal angiostrongyliasis: a case with severe evolution

A case of acute abdomen disease caused by abdominal angiostrongyliasis is reported. A 42-year-old otherwise healthy patient presented with a complaint of nine days of abdominal pain, constipation, disury, fever and right iliac fossa palpable mass. Exploratory laparotomy was performed. After surgical treatment the patient presented serious complications.

EVALUATION OF FOUR DIFFERENT DNA EXTRACTION METHODS IN COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI CLINICAL ISOLATES

Currently there are several methods to extract bacterial DNA based on different principles. However, the amount and the quality of the DNA obtained by each one of those methods is highly variable and microorganism dependent, as illustrated by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) which have a thick cell wall that is difficult to lyse. This study was designed to compare the quality and the amount of CoNS DNA, extracted by four different techniques: two in-house protocols and two commercial kits. DNA amount and quality determination was performed through spectrophotometry. The extracted DNA was also analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and by PCR. 267 isolates of CoNS were used in this study. The column method and thermal lyses showed better results with regard to DNA quality (mean ratio of A260/280 = 1.95) and average concentration of DNA (), respectively. All four methods tested provided appropriate DNA for PCR amplification, but with different yields. DNA quality is important since it allows the application of a large number of molecular biology techniques, and also it's storage for a longer period of time. In this sense the extraction method based on an extraction column presented the best results for CoNS.

High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with SCCmec type III in cystic fibrosis patients in southern, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial colonization of the lungs is the main cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). Pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus are very well adapted to the pulmonary environment and may persist for years in the same patient. Genetic determinants of these bacteria, such as the presence of SCCmec have recently emerged as a problem in this population of patients. METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from different clinical materials coming from CF and non-CF patients attended at a cystic fibrosis reference hospital were compared according to SCCmec type and antibiotic susceptibility profile. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty-four single-patient Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected, of which 164 (45%) were from CF patients. Among the latter, 57/164 (44.5%) were MRSA, and among the non-CF patients, 89/200 (35%) were MRSA. Associated pathogens were found in 38 CF patients. All 57 MRSA from CF patients harbored the multiresistant cassette type III. In contrast, 31/89 MRSA from non-CF patients harbored SCCmec type I (35%) and 44/89 harbored type III (49%). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was similar between CF and non-CF patients. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of multiresistant SCCmec type III among CF patients compared with non-CF patients in our institution may make it difficult to control disease progression through antibiotic therapy for promoting the survival of this kind of patient.

Rifampicin fails to eradicate mature biofilm formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial activity on biofilms depends on their molecular size, positive charges, permeability coefficient, and bactericidal activity. Vancomycin is the primary choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection treatment; rifampicin has interesting antibiofilm properties, but its effectivity remains poorly defined. METHODS: Rifampicin activity alone and in combination with vancomycin against biofilm-forming MRSA was investigated, using a twofold serial broth microtiter method, biofilm challenge, and bacterial count recovery. RESULTS: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration for vancomycin and rifampicin ranged from 0.5 to 1mg/l and 0.008 to 4mg/l, and from 1 to 4mg/l and 0.06 to 32mg/l, respectively. Mature biofilms were submitted to rifampicin and vancomycin exposure, and minimum biofilm eradication concentration ranged from 64 to 32,000 folds and from 32 to 512 folds higher than those for planktonic cells, respectively. Vancomycin (15mg/l) in combination with rifampicin at 6 dilutions higher each isolate MIC did not reach in vitro biofilm eradication but showed biofilm inhibitory capacity (1.43 and 0.56log10 CFU/ml reduction for weak and strong biofilm producers, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our setting, rifampicin alone failed to effectively kill biofilm-forming MRSA, demonstrating stronger inability to eradicate mature biofilm compared with vancomycin.

Evaluation of two sweeping methods for estimating the number of immature Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in large containers

Introduction Here, we evaluated sweeping methods used to estimate the number of immature Aedes aegypti in large containers. Methods III/IV instars and pupae at a 9:1 ratio were placed in three types of containers with, each one with three different water levels. Two sweeping methods were tested: water-surface sweeping and five-sweep netting. The data were analyzed using linear regression. Results The five-sweep netting technique was more suitable for drums and water-tanks, while the water-surface sweeping method provided the best results for swimming pools. Conclusions Both sweeping methods are useful tools in epidemiological surveillance programs for the control of Aedes aegypti.

Evaluation of oxacillin and cefoxitin disks for detection of resistance in coagulase negative staphylococci

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. was considered nonpathogenic until the emergence of multiresistance and the demonstration of their participation as infectious agents. In Brazil, oxacillin resistance may be present in over 80% of isolates, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standardized a disk-diffusion method to predict this resistance in Staphylococcus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability among commercial disks of oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) widely used in clinical laboratories of microbiology, compared with mecA gene and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin. The use of oxacillin and cefoxitin disks simultaneously allowed the detection of important differences, particularly, in less frequent species such as S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, and S. sciuri. Disks of cefoxitin of the brand 2 displayed good correlation with the mecA gene (98.7%) and oxacillin MIC (97.8%), while major discrepancies were observed using disks of brand 1. One of the critical points in the diffusion disk test is the quality of the disks: the use of better quality disks associated with molecular methods lead to better results to define the best antibiotic therapy.

Peaches tree genetic divergence for brown rot reaction

It was evaluated the genetic divergence in peach genotypes for brown rot reaction. It was evaluated 26 and 29 peach genotypes in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 production cycle, respectively. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratório de Fitossanidade, da UTFPR - Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experimental design was entirely randomized, considering each peach genotype a treatment, and it was use three replication of nine fruits. The treatment control use three replication of three peach. The fruit epidermis were inoculated individually with 0.15 mL of M. fructicola conidial suspension (1.0 x 10(5) spores mL-1). In the control treatment was sprayed with 0.15 mL of distilled water. The fruits were examined 72 and 120 hours after inoculation, and the incidence and severity disease were evaluated. These results allowed realized study for genetic divergence, used as dissimilarity measure the Generalized Mahalanobis distance. Cluster analysis using Tocher´s optimization method and distances in the plan were applied. There was smallest genetic divergence among peach trees evaluated for brown rot, what can difficult to obtain resistance in the genotypes.

Conservação e teste de tetrazólio em sementes de jabuticabeira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar embalagem a vácuo e biofilme sobre a viabilidade de sementes de jabuticabeira [Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel], bem como verificar a aplicabilidade do teste de tetrazólio em sementes dessa espécie. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e na Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa Viveiro de Produção de Mudas Hortícolas, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. O experimento foi em blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 2 (utilização de vácuo) x 3 (tipo de revestimento) x 5 (tempo de armazenamento), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por unidade experimental. As sementes, após extraídas, foram separadas em dois lotes, sendo um para uso de embalagem a vácuo e outro não. A partir de cada lote, houve a divisão em três sublotes de acordo com o tipo de revestimento, quais sejam: fécula de mandioca (3% m v-1), quitosana (3% m v-1) e sem biofilme. Posteriormente, as sementes foram armazenadas em câmara fria, utilizando temperatura de 5± 1°C, por 7; 14;21; 28 e 35 dias. Foram analisadas as porcentagens de emergência, de viabilidade das sementes pelo teste de tetrazólio e o índice de velocidade de emergência. Recomenda-se armazenar as sementes de jabuticabeira em embalagem a vácuo. Na impossibilidade de utilizar embalagem a vácuo, as sementes desta fruteira devem ser revestidas com biofilme à base de quitosana ou fécula de mandioca. O teste de tetrazólio demonstrou-se viável e mais rápido para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de jabuticabeira.

Construção artesanal de um eletrodo íon seletivo a chumbo(II): uma alternativa para disciplinas experimentais

This works proposes a homemade construction of a lead(II) ISE of solid membrane (Ag2S/PbS) to determine Pb2+ ions in potentiometric titrations, using damaged combined glass electrodes. This electrode can be constructed in teaching laboratories, using it as a learning tool related to the theoretical principle of ISE. The analytical curve obtained (y = 27.056x + 337.58; R = 0.996) was linear on the range of 1 x 10-5 to 1 mol L-1 and has presented a very close behavior of the Nernstian. The homemade ISE has presented a similar selectivity to the commercial electrodes, showing to be a good alternative to the experimental activities on teaching laboratories.

Influência da saturação por bases e do fósforo no crescimento de mudas de angico-branco

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de mudas da espécie angico-branco (Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan), em condições diferenciadas de disponibilidade de fósforo no solo e de saturação por bases. Os tratamentos foram representados por um fatorial de seis níveis de P (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 mg/dm³) por cinco níveis de saturação por bases (original = 24, 40, 50, 60 e 70%), sendo dispostos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Aos 170 dias após a semeadura, foram feitas medições de altura e diâmetro do coleto de todas as plantas, as quais foram colhidas, separadas em raiz e parte aérea e postas a secar para obtenção do peso de matéria seca. A adição da mistura corretiva ao substrato não apresentou resposta significativa por parte da espécie estudada. Essa falta de resposta pode estar relacionada ao fato de que os teores de Ca (0,9 cmol c/dm³) e de Mg (0,4 cmol c/dm³) contidos no solo utilizado tenham sido suficientes para suprir as necessidades das plantas nessa fase. No entanto, observou-se que o angico-branco responde positivamente à aplicação de P. Considerando-se a saturação por bases de 40 e 60%, as doses de P que proporcionaram 90% de produção máxima, com base na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, foram de 127 e 126 mg/dm³, respectivamente. De acordo com o modelo ajustado para P recuperado, em função do P adicionado, a dose que proporcionará essa disponibilidade de fósforo aos 170 dias é de 976,2 mg/dm³ para V=40% e de 1.277,3 mg/dm³ para V=60%. O nível crítico de P no solo, pelo extrator Mehlich-1, foi de 13,88 mg/dm³ (V=40%) e de 12,87 mg/dm³ (V=60%) e na parte aérea, de 0,14 dag/kg (V=40%) e de 0,12 dag/kg (V=60%).

Crescimento de mudas de garapa em resposta à calagem e ao fósforo

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho inicial da garapa (Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) Macbride) em condições diferenciadas de disponibilidade de fósforo (P) no solo e de saturação por bases (V). Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial combinando seis doses de P (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 mg dm-3) e cinco níveis de calagem empregando o critério da saturação por bases, para cálculo (original = 24, 40, 50, 60 e 70%). O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Aos 120 dias após a semeadura, mediram-se a altura e diâmetro do coleto de todas as plantas, as quais foram colhidas, separadas em raiz e parte aérea e secas, para obtenção de massa seca constante. Os resultados permitiram a conclusão de que o nível de calagem recomendado para a formação de mudas de garapa é aquele que proporciona a elevação da saturação por bases a 60%, sendo, nessas condições, a dose recomendada de P de 54 mg dm-3. O nível crítico de P no solo foi influenciado pelo valor da saturação por bases, variando de 6 (V = 60 %) a 33 mg dm-3 (V = 40 %). O nível crítico de P na matéria seca da parte aérea também foi influenciado pela saturação por bases, variando de 0,11 (V = 60%) a 0,18 dag kg-1 (V = 50%).