Effect of temperature on the survival and growth of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium borellii and Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)

During the two-month rearing period, the effect of four water temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C) on survival rate, number of molts, and growth rate (molt increment and intermolt period) of juvenile Macrobrachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili, 1901 prawns was evaluated in laboratory conditions. The two species showed some similarities in their both survival and growth pattern at different temperatures. The survival rate was highest at 20°C and 25°C, decreasing at the lowest temperature. The number of molts increased at higher temperatures, ranging the intermolt period from 22.2 days to 9.9 days, for M. borellii, and from 20.8 to 9.5 days for P. argentinus, corresponding those values to 15°C and 30°C, respectively. No difference between species was noted in the intermolt period. The size increment by molting increased significantly from 15°C to 25°C, whereas a reduction in the growth of prawns was observed at 30°C. Significant differences among temperatures were found in the slope of regressions between the size increment by molting and the cephalothorax length. M. borellii showed a significantly higher tolerance to elevated temperature and a faster growth (about twice at 25°C) than P. argentinus. These differences could provide M. borellii a competitive advantage for a better adaptation to the dynamic of freshwater environment, especially in areas with anthropogenic impact.

Fertilizantes comerciais e polpa de banana no cultivo in vitro de um híbrido de Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)

A propagação in vitro de orquídeas é bastante utilizada para a produção de mudas. A busca por meios de cultura alternativos para este fim vem sendo amplamente estudada devido à complexidade dos meios comumente utilizados, como o meio MS. Os híbridos de Phalaenopsis encontram-se dentre as orquídeas mais comercializadas no mundo devido à longevidade e à beleza peculiar de suas flores. Nesse trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de formulações de fertilizantes comerciais e adição de polpa de banana 'Nanica' em meio de cultura no cultivo in vitro de um híbrido de Phalaenopsis (P. amabilis x P. equestris). Plântulas germinadas in vitro, em meio MS, foram subcultivadas em meios de cultura à base de fertilizantes comerciais e meio MS modificado com metade da concentração dos macronutrientes. Os meios de cultura foram avaliados com e sem a adição de polpa de banana 'Nanica' (100 g L-1) no estádio de maturação quatro. A base dos meios de cultura foi composta por sacarose (30 g L-1), carvão ativado (1 g L-1) e ágar (9 g L-1). Aos 180 dias foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: área foliar, número de folhas e raízes, comprimento de raízes e massas de matérias secas de folhas e raízes. Conclui-se que o tratamento composto por Biofert® acrescido de polpa de banana apresentou os melhores resultados para o desenvolvimento in vitro do híbrido, inclusive apresentando resultados estatisticamente superiores em relação ao meio MS sem banana.

Juvenile tree growth correlates with photosynthesis and leaf phosphorus content in central Amazonia

Light and soil water availability may limit carbon uptake of trees in tropical rainforests. The objective of this work was to determine how photosynthetic traits of juvenile trees respond to variations in rainfall seasonality, leaf nutrient content, and opening of the forest canopy. The correlation between leaf nutrient content and annual growth rate of saplings was also assessed. In a terra firme rainforest of the central Amazon, leaf nutrient content and gas exchange parameters were measured in five sapling tree species in the dry and rainy season of 2008. Sapling growth was measured in 2008 and 2009. Rainfall seasonality led to variations in soil water content, but it did not affect leaf gas exchange parameters. Subtle changes in the canopy opening affected CO2 saturated photosynthesis (A pot, p = 0.04). Although A pot was affected by leaf nutrient content (as follows: P > Mg > Ca > N > K), the relative growth rate of saplings correlated solely with leaf P content (r = 0.52, p = 0.003). At present, reduction in soil water content during the dry season does not seem to be strong enough to cause any effect on photosynthesis of saplings in central Amazonia. This study shows that leaf P content is positively correlated with sapling growth in the central Amazon. Therefore, the positive effect of atmospheric CO2 fertilization on long-term tree growth will depend on the ability of trees to absorb additional amount of P

Inapparent lung involvement in patients with the subacute juvenile type of paracoccidioidomycosis

Three patients with the diagnosis of subacute juvenile paracoccidioidomycosis who, at the time of their first visit, had no signs or symptoms of lung involvement, were studied. Initially the diagnosis was confirmed by the observation of P. brasiliensis in biopsy material obtained from clinically involved lymphadenopathies. The lung X-rays done in all patients, did not reveal pathologic changes, although it was possible to observe and isolate the fungus from sputum samples obtained from the three patients. This fact reinforces the pulmonary genesis of the mycosis and proofs the existence of a pulmonary primary infection, even in patients with the juvenile manifestations, in whom the lung component is obscured by the predominant lymph node involvement.

Periodontal aspects of the juvenile form of paracoccidioidomycosis

Three cases of the juvenile form of paracoccidioidomycosis are reported. Emphasis has been given to the oral manifestations, particularly the periodontal involvement. The main periodontal findings were: generalized and progressive alveolar bone destruction leading to gingival recession with exposure of the tooth roots, and spontaneous tooth losses. The gingival mucosa was predominantly smooth, erithematous and slightly swollen. These aspects, although rare, may be the earliest signs of the disease and sometimes its only manifestation.

Immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES: To determine the presence of immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and to correlate it with clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS: A multicenter prospective study was carried out from January 1993 to January 1999 with the enrollment of 3 centers of pediatric rheumatology. Ninety-one children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were studied: 38 (42%) with systemic, 28 (31%) with pauciarticular, and 25 (27%) with polyarticular onset. Ages ranged from 2.1 years to 22.6 years (mean 10.5 ± 4.7), with 59 (65%) girls. The control group consisted of 45 healthy children. The detection of immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor was carried out utilizing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor with immunoglobulin M-rheumatoid factor (latex agglutination test), total serum immunoglobulin E, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibody, and functional and radiological classes III or IV were analyzed. RESULTS: Positive immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor was found in 15 (16.5%) of the 91 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: 7 (18.5%) with systemic, 5 (18%) with pauciarticular, and 3 (12%) with polyarticular onset. A significant correlation was observed between immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor and total serum immunoglobulin E in the juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients. No correlation was found between immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor and positive latex agglutination slide test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibody, or the functional and radiological classes III or IV in any disease onset group. In 4 out of 45 control children (8.9%), immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor was positive but with no correlation with total serum immunoglobulin E levels. CONCLUSIONS: Immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor could be detected in 16.5% of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients, particularly in those with high levels of total serum immunoglobulin E, and immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor appears not to be associated with disease activity or severity.

Dental and facial characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that the temporomandibular joint is frequently affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and this degenerative disease, which may occur during facial growth, results in severe mandibular dysfunction. However, there are no studies that correlate oral health (tooth decay and gingival diseases) and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oral and facial characteristics of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated in a large teaching hospital. METHOD: Thirty-six patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (26 female and 10 male) underwent a systematic clinical evaluation of their dental, oral, and facial structures (DMFT index, plaque and gingival bleeding index, dental relationship, facial profile, and Helkimo's index). The control group was composed of 13 healthy children. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was 10.8 years; convex facial profile was present in 12 juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, and class II molar relation was present in 12 (P = .032). The indexes of plaque and gingival bleeding were significant in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with a higher number of superior limbs joints involved (P = .055). Anterior open bite (5) and temporomandibular joint noise (8) were present in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group. Of the group in this sample, 94% (P = .017) had temporomandibular joint dysfunction, 80% had decreased mandibular opening (P = 0.0002), and mandibular mobility was severely impaired in 33% (P = .015). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis a) have a high incidence of mandibular dysfunction that can be attributed to the direct effect of the disease in the temporomandibular joint and b) have a higher incidence of gingival disease that can be considered a secondary effect of juvenile idiopathic arthritis on oral health.

The effect of intravenous zoledronic acid on glucocorticoid-induced multiple vertebral fractures in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of lupus patients, and adverse effects, which include osteoporosis and associated fractures, are frequent. Treatment of osteoporosis of young patients should be effective and not harmful to bone growth and remodeling. Bisphosphonates are drugs that decrease the incidence of bone fractures, but their use in juvenile patients is still controversial because of their possible side effects on the growing skeleton. However, recently published studies showed that linear growth continued normally after treatment with these drugs, and there was no excessive suppression of bone remodeling or mineralization defects. Zoledronic acid is a new intravenous bisphosphonate that has been approved by the US FDA for use with hypercalcemia of malignancies and might be an effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The authors report a case of a young girl with systemic lupus who developed multiple vertebral collapses due to glucocorticoid therapy, and zoledronic acid was used producing significant clinical and densitometric improvement.

Biodisponibilidade de Zinco da dieta dos pré-escolares e o efeito da adição da farinha de Banana (Musa paradisiaca). estudo em Ratos

Foi avaliada a biodisponibilidade de zinco e o efeito da adição da farinha de banana, em dieta de pré-escolares de uma creche de Manaus, pelo método de depleção e repleção, em ratos. As refeições servidas aos pré-escolares foram coletadas por meio da porção em duplicata, por um período de 18 dias, secas e analisadas quanto a composição centesimal, fibra alimentar, zinco e fitato. O experimento constou de uma fase de depleção de zinco dos ratos, por um período de 35 dias após o nascimento, onde os mesmos receberam ração à base de caseína sem a adição de zinco na mistura salina. A segunda fase foi de 28 dias e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, consistindo de 4 grupos (Dieta dos pré-escolares, dieta dos pré-escolares adicionada da farinha de banana, ração controle à base de caseína, e ração controle à base de caseína, sem a adição de zinco na mistura salina), com 8 animais cada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se baixo teor de zinco na dieta dos pré-escolares. Os animais dos grupos que receberam a dieta dos pré-escolares adicionada ou não de farinha de banana tiveram menor índice de absorção aparente de zinco e menor retenção de zinco nos fêmures quando comparados com o grupo controle (p<0,05), demonstrando a baixa biodisponibilidade de zinco da dieta, possivelmente, pelos fatores interferentes presentes na mesma. Assim, a farinha de banana na concentração utilizada, não apresentou nenhum efeito na biodisponibilidade de zinco.

Perfil nutricional das diversas formas de consumo de Banana (Musa parasidiaca, variedade pacovã) da Amazônia Brasileira

Determinou-se a composição centesimal e teores de elementos minerais na banana pacovã (Musa paradisiaca) madura (in natura, cozida e frita) e verde (in natura e frita). As amostras foram coletadas nas feiras da cidade de Manaus, processadas e analisadas no Laboratório de Nutrição e Físico-Química de Alimentos da Coordenação de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde - IΝΡΑ. Os resultados demonstraram ser a banana pacovã boa fonte de energia e elementos minerais essenciais, sugerindo-se a implementação da mesma, na alimentação da população Amazonense pela boa aceitabilidade, custo relativamente baixo e valor nutricional.

Reproductive biology of Macrobrachium surinamicum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in the Amazon River mouth

Macrobrachium surinamicum is an indigenous prawn distributed from the lower Amazon and Tocantins river basins to Venezuela in the Orinoco Delta region. It is common bycatch fauna of Macrobrachium amazonicum artisan fishing in the states of Pará and Amapá. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects on reproductive biology (reproductive period, size of sexual maturity population, fecundity, reproductive output and recruitment) of M. surinamicum from four important areas to artisanal prawn fishing located at the Amazon River mouth (Amapá and Pará). The specimens were captured using 20 handcrafted traps called "matapi". A number of 675 prawns were captured, 258 males, 409 females and eight juveniles, resulting in 1:1.6 (Male: Female) sex ratio. The reproductive peak period occurred from March to July, coinciding with the higher rainfall period. The juvenile prawn occurred only in May and July. Total length of egg-bearing females ranged from 12.12 to 38.30 mm, with mean female length at first maturity (L50) of 23.7 mm. Fecundity increased with prawn size and varied between 174 and 1780 eggs per female. Mean egg volume increased gradually from 0.031 (Stage I) to 0.060 mm³ (Stage III) during embryogenesis. Macrobrachium surinamicum depends on brackish water to complete the larval development. Irrespective of female size, reproductive output of M. surinamicum varied between 4.3 % and 35.5 % of their body weight for egg production. The knowledge of the reproductive biology reported in the present study is an important tool to define strategies to preserve M. surinamicum in Amazon River mouth.

Estudo preliminar da influência da concentração de SO2 no controle do escurecimento enzímico da banana passa

Dois ensaios foram realizados com o objetivo de estudar meios de controle do escurecimento enzímico na elaboração de banana passa. Bananas foram tratadas com SO2 através da sua imersão em solução de metabisulfito de potássio. As variáveis estudadas foram: concentração, temperatura e pH da solução, tempo de imersão dos frutos e tempo de descanso dos frutos após os tratamentos. Os resultados mostraram que o melhor tratamento consistiu na imersão por 10 minutos das bananas em solução de metabisulfito de potássio a 2%, aquecida a 40°C e com pH 2,9. O descanso dos frutos antes da desidratação não melhorou os produtos e portanto foi abandonado. A vida comercial dos produtos obtidos com este tratamento atingiu a 3 meses, com as embalagens comuns utilizadas. Testes preliminares com pré-aquecimento das amostras antes da imersão indicaram a possibilidade de melhorar ainda mais a qualidade dos produtos.

Influência da interação do pré-aquecimento e da remoção da película externa, na elaboração de passas de banana

O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de verificar a influência do prévio aquecimento em estufa e da remoção da película externa da banana na elaboração de banana passa. Esses tratamentos foram empregados antes da imersão da banana, por 10 minutos em solução aquecida a 40°C de metabisulfito de potássio a 2%, cujo pH foi ajustado a 2,9. Concluiu-se que o pré-aquecimento exerce uma ação bastante favorável no controle do escurecimento enzímico, visto que, o seu emprego resultou em produtos de muito melhor aspecto. A remoção da película da banana, não teve influência nas amostras pré-aquecidas mas influenciou negativamente as amostras que não sofreram pré-aquecimento.

Influência da interação do ph da solução de metabisulfito de potássio e da remoção da película externa, na elaboração de banana passa

Este trabalho teve por objetivo encontrar meios de controlar o escurecimento enzímico catalizado pelo polifenoloxidase na elaboração de banana passa. As bananas foram tratadas com SO2, através da sua imersão em uma solução de metabisulfito de potássio. As variáveis estudadas desta solução foram, sua concentração, temperatura, pH e tempo de imersão, bem como sua interação com a remoção da panícula externa dos frutos. Concluiu-se que o melhor tratamento foi o da imersão por 10 minutos na solução de metabisulfito a 2%, aquecida a 40°C, independente do controle do pH. A interação do pH da solução com a remoção da película externa da banana não teve influência no controle do escurecimento.