Espécie nova de Mytilopsis Conrad, 1857, do rio Tocantins, Tucuruí, Pará, Brasil: (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Dreissenidae)

A new species of Mytilopsis, mollusk bivalvi from Brazilian Amazon Region (Tocantins, Pará) is described. It is different from the American other species due small dimensions and height/width relation.

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC): an unusual potential pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is frequently isolated from patients with late complications of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), especially in North America and Europe. However, its isolation from the central nervous system (CNS) has been seldom reported in these countries. MAC infections in AIDS patients in African and Latin American countries are believed to be uncommon. We report the isolation of MAC from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 AIDS patients out of 1723 (0.63%) seen at "Centro de Referência e Treinamento - AIDS", São Paulo and discuss the significance of its isolation.

Cataract surgery: expectations of patients assisted during a community project in São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To identify social characteristics and expectations of individuals seen during a community project for the treatment of senile cataracts. Expected results from their eye surgery and its consequences to their quality of life were studied as well. METHODOLOGY: Cataract patients (visual acuity equal to or lower than 0.2 in the more superior eye) aged 50 years or over, were surveyed by means of interviews held during their visit at the Cataract Project in São Paulo city, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1999. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 331 subjects of low socioeconomic level ranging in age from 50 to 97 years (average = 71.8 years). Expectation of total recovery from the cataract condition by means of surgery was declared by 80.0% of the respondents, with no significant differences between male and female subjects (P < 0.1723). Hope to resume manual activities was expressed by 59.8%. CONCLUSION: A predominance of expectations of resuming normal activity and achieving a better quality of life after cataract surgery were identified.

Participação do estado contrátil e do relaxamento miocárdico na disfunção ventricular durante a transição hipertrofia-falência cardíaca

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a participação do estado contrátil e do relaxamento miocárdico na disfunção do músculo cardíaco durante a transição hipertrofia-falência cardíaca em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). MÉTODOS: Músculos papilares isolados do ventrículo esquerdo de SHR com insuficiência cardíaca (SHR-IC) e sem falência cardíaca (SHR) e de ratos normotensos controle Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) foram estudados em contrações isométrica e isotônica, em solução de Krebs-Henseleit (1,25 mM Ca2+, 28ºC). RESULTADOS: Os valores da tensão máxima desenvolvida (TD) e da velocidade máxima de encurtamento (Vmáx) foram menores nos SHR-IC e SHR, em relação aos WKY (p<0,05). TD e Vmáx foram semelhantes nos SHR-IC e SHR (p>0,05). A rigidez passiva do músculo aumentou significantemente nos SHR-IC (p<0,05 vs WKY e SHR); esta variável não diferiu entre WKY e SHR (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos mostram que a transição da fase de hipertrofia estável para insuficiência cardíaca nos ratos espontaneamente hipertensos está associada ao aumento da rigidez passiva do miocárdio e não à piora da função contrátil do músculo cardíaco.

Observações anatômicas sôbre a larva de Thoropa miliaris (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)

Die kaulquappe von Thoropa miliaris lebt in mittleren Lagen des Itatiáia-Gebirges (Staat Rio de Janeiro), in etwa 1650 m Hoebe, auf fast senkracht stehenden Felsplatten, ueber die staendig eine sehr duenne Schicht Wasser herablaeuft. Die Tiere haben keinen Flossensaum; der zwei- bis dreimal koerperlange Schwanz ist fast drehrund und besitzt an Stelle eines Flossensaumes nur einen ventralen Kiel, der die Schlaengelbewegung gegen den Wasserstrom unterstuetzt. Auch die juengsten Stadien haben keine aeusseren kiemen, sondern innere in einer Atemhoehle, deren Ausgang sich auf der linken Seite in der Mitte des Koerpers befindet. Die Tiere heften sich an den Steinen vermittels ihres sehr grossen Mundapparates fest. Die Lippen tragen zwei oder drei Reihen starker Keratin-Haken, die durch laufende Neubildung ersetzt werden. Die arbeitenden Spitzenzaehne des Hornschnabels in der Mundhoehle werden ebenfalls durch fortgesetztes Wachstum erneuert. Die Saugscheibenwirkung des Mundes wird durch ein Muskelpaar bedingt, das einerseits am Parasphenoid- und am Sphenethmoidknorpel, andererseits mit seinen unteren Buendeln am Prodentale (Spitze des Meckel'schen Knorpels), mit seinem oberen vermittels je zweier Sehnen am Promaxillare ansetzt. Durch die kontraktion dieser Muskeln wird das Prodentale nach oben und dann nach hinten, das Promaxillare (mit Gelenkstellen am Prointermaxillare und Pronasale) nach oben und dann nach vorne gedreht. Hierdurch treten die beiden Kegel des Hornschnabels in die Mundhoehle, da sie den beiden Knorpeln fest aufsitzen. Bei starker Kontraktion werden die Knorpel auseinander gedrueckt und vergroessern die Mundhoehle. Wenn die Lippen, unterstuetzt von den Hakenreihen, fest dem Stein aufliegen, ergibt sich ein Unterdruck in der Mundhoehle, der genuegt, um die Larven auf der Unterlage festzuhalten. Das Loesen des Saugnapfes erfolgt durch die kontraktion einer Gruppe kleiner Muskelbuendel, die einerseits am Unterrand des Prodentale, andererseits an den falten der Unterlippe ansetzen.

Pathoecology and paleodiet in Postclassic: Historic Maya from northern coastal Belize

This paper examines the synergism among diet, disease, and ecology at two related coastal Maya sites in Belize (Marco Gonzalez and San Pedro) for the Postclassic and Historic periods (1350-1650 AD), which immediately follow the Classic period collapse. Stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios in collagen and stable carbon-isotope ratios in structural carbonate were analysed for bones from 65 humans and a wide variety of faunal species. There are no apparent differences in whole diets or degree of carnivory between individuals with lesions indicative of anemia and those without, but those with lesions appear to have consumed significantly more C4 foods and protein from lower trophic levels. Non-specific infection (periostitis) and vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) are also present in high frequencies and appear to co-occur with lesions indicative of anemia, particularly in childhood. Individuals with scurvy also appear to have consumed significantly more C4 foods than normal individuals. Spondyloarthropathy is common in adults. These findings are discussed in light of: (1) the debate on how anemia versus scurvy are manifest and diagnosed, (2) Spanish ethnohistoric descriptions of the poor state of Maya health at the time of contact, and (3) the Osteological Paradox. We suggest that although this coastal environment exacerbated morbidity because of possible parasitic infection, the inhabitants were probably able to survive physiological stresses better than either their inland contemporaries or their modern counterparts.

Potencial reprodutivo de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) em função do número de indivíduos por unidade de criação

Verificou-se o efeito de diferentes densidades de insetos por unidade de criação sobre o potencial reprodutivo de Chrysoperla externa. Utilizaram-se adultos da geração F4 mantidos a 25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% de UR e fotofase de 12 horas. Foram utilizadas as seguintes densidades por unidade de criação (10 cm de diâmetro por 23 cm de altura e volume de 1650 cm³): um macho e três fêmeas, dois machos e seis fêmeas, três machos e nove fêmeas e quatro machos e doze fêmeas. Avaliou-se o período de pré-oviposição, a oviposição diária e total por fêmea e por unidade de criação, as porcentagens de ovos viáveis e inférteis e o índice de aproveitamento, calculado por fêmea e por unidade de criação. A densidade quatro machos e doze fêmeas apresentou melhor aproveitamento da unidade de criação, compensando as reduções observadas nos valores de postura média e total por fêmea.

First description of reproductive behavior of the Amazonian damselfly Chalcopteryx rutilans (Rambur) (Odonata, Polythoridae)

Polythoridae comprise a widespread group of species in the New World tropics, but little is known about their behavior or life history. Here, we described the reproductive behavior of Amazonian Chalchopteryx rutilans, using mark-recapture techniques. Males were resident and territorial, though we found disputes (complex flight manoeuvres) to be rare. Trunks (rotting wood) were important to male persistence in sites, as these are the locations preferred by females for oviposition. The mating system of C. rutilans may be comparable to the resource limitation category, described by Conrad & Pritchard (1992), where males cannot control female access to oviposition sites. So, female choice becomes important and apparently, the observed displays (in which males flash the coppery coloration of their hind wings) may be related to attraction of females to territories, as in a lek system.

Estabelecimento de normas DRIS para o algodoeiro com diferentes critérios de seleção da população de referência

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de critérios de seleção de populações de referência no estabelecimento de normas DRIS na cultura do algodoeiro. Criou-se um banco de dados com a produtividade e os teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes, obtidos de talhões médios de 100 ha. Os critérios para o estabelecimento das subpopulações de alta produtividade foram talhões com: produtividade acima da média (4.380 kg ha-1); produtividade acima da média + 2/3 desvio-padrão (acima de 4.650 kg ha-1); produtividade acima da média + 1 desvio-padrão (acima de 4.785 kg ha-1); e produtividade acima da média + 4/3 desvio-padrão (acima de 4.920 kg ha-1). Os critérios de seleção da população de referência proporcionam baixa frequência de relações nutricionais concordantes, para cada norma DRIS avaliada. Independentemente do critério de seleção utilizado, os dados de produtividade média e o índice de balanço nutricional relacionam-se significativamente; e essa relação intensifica-se com o aumento no rigor do critério de inclusão de lavouras na população de referência.

Substitutos do " novo" mundo para as antigas plantas raras: um estudo de caso dos bálsamos

Convinced that the " true balsam" was lost forever, Conrad Gesner described other substances with similar healing virtues. However, he was not the only one in the 16th to search for other varieties of balsamic oleoresins. The arrival of the Europeans to the Americas allowed the finding of native plants with properties similar to those of the original balsam, including Balsam of Peru, Balsam of Tolu and particularly in the Brazilian area, Balsam of Copaiba. Focusing on the Brazilian context, this paper analyzes two different moments in the transit of the newly found varieties of balsams to the pharmacopeia and materia medica.

Synthesis and magnetic studies of copper(II)-lanthanide(III) 5-bromosalicylideneglycylglycine

The physico-chemical properties of the new 3d-4f heteronuclear complexes with general formula LnCu3(C11H8N2 O4Br)3·13H2O (where Ln = Pr, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb and H3(C11H8N2 O4Br) - 5-bromosalicylideneglycylglycine) were studied. The compounds were characterized by elemental, spectral and thermal analyses and magnetic measurements. The formation of Schiff base is evidenced by a strong band at ca. 1646-1650 cm-1 attributable to C=N stretching mode. The presence of water molecules is confirmed by broad absorptions with maximum at 3360 - 3368 cm-1. The Cu(II)-Ln(III) complexes are stable up to ca. 318 K. During dehydration process the water molecules are lost probably in two stages. The magnetic susceptibility data for these complexes change with temperature according to the Curie-Weiss law.