Drug abuse among workers in Brazilian regions

OBJECTIVE: Many business organizations in Brazil have adopted drug testing programs in the workplace since 1992. Rehabilitation, rather than layoff and disciplinary measures, has been offered as part of the Brazilian employee assistance programs. The purpose study is to profile drug abuse among company workers of different Brazilian geographical regions. METHODS: Urine samples of 12,700 workers from five geographical regions were tested for the most common illicit drugs of abuse in the country: marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamine. Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were the techniques utilized for urine testing. The distribution of collected urine samples according to geographical regions was: 72.0% southeast, 13.8% northeast, 7.9% south, 5.7% central west and 0.6% north. RESULTS: Of all samples analyzed, 1.8% was found to be positive for drugs: 0.5% from the south region, 1.1% from northeast, 1.2% from central west, 1.3% from north, and 2.2% from southeast. Of these, 59.9% was marijuana, 17.7% cocaine, 14.6% amphetamine, and 7.7% associated drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of drugs found in the samples shows a regional variation. Marijuana, however, was found in all regions. Cocaine was seen only in central west and southeast regions. Amphetamine was found in northeast, central west, and southeast regions.

Investigação de práticas anticompetitivas: um sistema de informação para apoio à interpretação de legislação por agências reguladoras

A inovação tecnológica, definida como a transformação de conhecimento em bens e serviços, gera produtos que são disponibilizados para a sociedade em uma economia capitalista altamente competitiva. Órgãos governamentais foram criados, no Brasil, com a intenção de estimular a inovação e evitar a concorrência desleal. A interpretação da conformação das práticas a leis e regulamentos existentes é a base de suas intervenções. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de ferramenta de apoio à interpretação jurídica. Um estudo de caso é utilizado para mostrar sua aplicação na análise de acordos de distribuição pelo comitê do governo britânico que investiga monopólios e fusões (Monopolies and Mergers Commission). O principal objetivo é estimular o debate sobre a viabilidade de um sistema de computador para ajudar neste tipo de interpretação legal.

História da química e da geologia: Joseph Black e James Hutton como referências para educação em ciências

The second half of eighteenth century is marked by the advancement of chemistry and geology. The first science acquired the law of conservation of mass and this science represented a important support to geology and mineralogy. We say that both became modern science that time. Our aim is to show up some interrelations between history of chemistry and history of geology by means of the study of Joseph Black's and James Hutton's works. We defend that it is positive to science education to understand and approach the relations among different and disciplinary areas of science.