Óleos essenciais de cascas e folhas de canela (Cinnamomum verum Presl) cultivada no Paraná

Os óleos essenciais de cascas e folhas de canela do Ceilão (Cinnamomum verum Presl, sin. C. zeylanicum Bl.) cultivada na Estação Experimental de Morretes do IAPAR foram analisados por CGAR e CGAR-EM. As cascas e folhas foram provenientes de 12 árvores submetidas à adubação apenas com matéria orgânica (MO) ou associada com adubo químico (C). Análises do "headspace" foram utilizadas na caracterização das amostras individuais e no agrupamento para fins de extração por arraste a vapor e coobação. O rendimento médio de óleo essencial foi de 0,2% nas cascas e 2,0% nas folhas. O teor de aldeído cinâmico nos óleos essenciais das cascas foi de 54,7% (MO) e 58,4% (C). Os óleos essenciais de folhas apresentaram 94,1% (5 árvores - MO) e 95,1% (5 árvores - C) de eugenol. Entretanto, a composição dos óleos essenciais das folhas de duas árvores distintas, uma de cada tipo de tratamento, foi diferente da maioria das árvores estudadas, apresentando 58,7% (MO) e 55,1% (C) de eugenol, com teor elevado de safrol (29,6% e 39,5%, respectivamente). Não foram observadas diferenças na composição ou nos teores dos componentes em função do tipo de adubação.

Avaliação quantitativa de cardenolídeos no cultivar experimental de Digitalis lanata do maciço do itatiaia e perspectivas de seu emprego industrial

The content of digoxin and lanatoside C (jointly quantified), lanatoside A, lanatoside B, glucoevatromonoside, odorobioside G, glucogitoroside, glucoverodoxine, glucodigifucoside and digitalinum verum was determined by HPLC in Digitalis lanata harvested in Brazil, as well as in clones industrially employed for the production of cardenolides. The Brazilian plants presented greater variation in the contents of cardenolides than the analyzed clones. Lanatoside C and digoxin concentrations were higher in the clones (6120±640 nmol/g dry leaf) than in the Brazilian plants (1820±900 nmol/g dry leaf). The concentrations of these glycosides were found to be within the range described for native species and also were similar to an European cultivar, what makes possible its industrial use for the cardenolides production.

Glyphosate as a tool to produce shikimic acid in plants

Oseltamivir phosphate is a potent viral inhibitor produced from shikimic acid extracted from seeds of Ilicium verum, the most important natural source. With the site of action 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP), glyphosate is the only compound capable of inhibiting its activity with the consequent accumulation of shikimic acid in plants. Corn and soybean plants were sprayed with reduced rates of glyphosate (0.0 to 230.4 g a.i. ha¹) and shikimic acid content in the dry mass was determined by HPLC 3, 7 and 10 days after application. Results showed shikimic acid accumulation in dry mass with increases of up to 969% in corn and 33,000% on soybeans, with peak concentrations 3 days after treatment (DAT). Industrial feasibility for shikimic acid production, combined with favorable climatic conditions for growing corn and soybean in virtually all over Brazil, favor the use of reduced rates of glyphosate in shikimic acid biosynthesis, with potential for use as an inducer in exploration of alternative sources for production of oseltamivir phosphate with low environmental impact.