Longitudinal clinical and serological survey of abdominal angiostrongyliasis in Guaporé, southern Brazil, from 1995 to 1999

Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, a nematode with an intra-vascular location in the mesentery. Our objective was to address several aspects of the natural history of this parasitosis, in a longitudinal clinical and seroepidemiological study. A total of 179 individuals living in a rural area with active transmission in southern Brazil were followed for five years (1995-1999) resulting in yearly prevalence of 28.2%, 4.2%, 10%, 20.2% and 2.8% and incidences of 0%, 5.9%, 8% and 1.5%, respectively. Both men and woman were affected with higher frequencies at age 30-49 years. In 32 individuals serum samples were collected at all time points and IgG antibody reactivity detected by ELISA was variable and usually persisting not longer than one year. Some individual antibody patterns were suggestive of re-infection. There was no association with occurrence of abdominal pain or of other enteroparasites and there was no individual with a confirmed (histopathologic) diagnosis. Mollusks were found with infective third-stage larvae in some houses with an overall prevalence of 16% and a low parasitic burden. In conclusion, abdominal angiostrongyliasis in southern Brazil may be a frequent infection with low morbidity and a gradually decreasing serological reactivity.

Detection of the acute phase of abdominal angiostrongyliasis with a parasite-specific IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Angiostrongylus costaricensis may cause intestinal lesions of varied severity when it accidentally infects man in Central and South America. First-stage larvae have never been detected in stools. Therefore, a parasite-specific IgG ELISA was evaluated for the determination of the acute phase of infection. The specificity and the sensitivity of the immunoassay was shown to be 76.2% and 91.1%, respectively. Eight serum samples taken from patients with histopathological diagnosis, at different time points (3 to 15 months) after surgical treatment, showed a sharp and early decline in antibody reactivity. The titration of anti-A. costaricensis antibodies has proved to be a useful method for the diagnosis of acute abdominal angiostrongyliasis.

Duplex-PCR assay for the detection of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal samples

Human adenovirus (HAdV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are important etiologic agents of acute respiratory infections. In this study, a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of HAdV and HRSV in clinical samples. Sixty previously screened nasopharyngeal aspirates were used: 20 HAdV-positive, 20 HRSV-positive and 20 double-negative controls. Eight samples were positive for both viruses. The duplex PCR assay proved to be as sensitive and specific as single-target assays and also detected the mixed infections with certainty. The identification of both viruses in a single reaction offers a reduction in both cost and laboratory diagnostic time.

Infection kinetics of human adenovirus serotype 41 in HEK 293 cells

The purpose of this work was to acquire an overview of the infectious cycle of HAdV-41 in permissive HEK 293 cells and compare it to that observed with the prototype of the genus, Human adenovirus C HAdV-2. HEK 293 cells were infected with each virus separately and were harvested every 12 h for seven days. Infection kinetics were analysed using confocal and electronic microscopy. The results show that, when properly cultivated, HAdV-41 was not fastidious. It had a longer multiplication cycle, which resulted in the release of complete viral particles and viral stocks reached high titres. After 60 h of infection, the export of viral proteins from the infected cell to the extracellular milieu was observed, with a pattern similar to that previously described for HAdV-2 penton-base trafficking after 30 h of infection. HAdV-41 had a non-lytic cycle and the infection spread from the first infected cell to its neighbours. The release process of the viral particles is unknown. The results observed for HAdV-41 infection in HEK 293 cells show how different this virus is from the prototype HAdV-2 and provides information for the development of this vector for use in gene therapy.

A Quixote mulher - ficção e filosofia

Neste artigo, apresento uma interpretação feminista do romance The Female Quixote, de Charlotte Lennox, publicado em 1752. Em minha hipótese, Lennox responde às acusações de que romances são falsos e, por isso, repreensíveis, ao defender o gênero enquanto instrumento de crítica social e meio de transmissão e obtenção de conhecimentos das mulheres. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que atribui valor ético, político e epistêmico a narrativas ficcionais, ela contribui também para uma reconceptualização dos conceitos de "verdadeiro" e "falso".

Aspectos histológicos do ovário de coelhas após criopreservação

OBJETIVO: avaliar a preservação folicular e as características celulares do tecido ovariano criopreservado, em coelhas. MÉTODOS: fez-se, sob anestesia, a ooforectomia direita de dez coelhas brancas, adultas. Dissecou-se o ovário mantendo-se o córtex com espessura de 1,5 milímetros. Fragmentou-se o tecido em pequenas secções, algumas para o estudo histológico de controle e outras destinadas à criopreservação pelo protocolo de congelamento lento. Passadas seis semanas efetuou-se o descongelamento e fez-se a avaliação histológica. As amostras do controle e do experimento, após processamento, foram coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina para identificação dos aspectos histológicos e submetidas à técnica imuno-histoquímica utilizando-se o PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) para a avaliação da viabilidade celular. Utilizaram-se os testes não paramétricos "comparação entre duas proporções" e Mann-Whitney e o teste paramétrico t de Student. RESULTADOS: observou-se que no tecido criopreservado só persistiram oócitos primordiais. Entre as alterações reversíveis identificaram-se: vacuolização citoplasmática em todas as amostras (p=0,039), lise estromal em 50% (p=0,648) e oócitos com contornos irregulares em 80% (p=0,007). Encontraram-se alterações irreversíveis como degeneração hialina e picnose em 30% das amostras (p=0,210). A análise imuno-histoquímica demonstrou os folículos, em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, no tecido não congelado e folículos primordiais no tecido criopreservado com positividade para o PCNA, indicando a presença de DNA ativo. CONCLUSÃO: no tecido ovariano criopreservado sobrevivem apenas os folículos primordiais; existem alterações histológicas reversíveis (vacuolização citoplasmática, lise estromal, fragmentação das células da granulosa e oócitos com contornos irregulares); alterações irreversíveis, em níveis não significantes (degeneração hialina e picnose) e presença de PCNA positivo em todos os folículos.