Efeito do fotoperíodo no crescimento e no padrão de acúmulo de frutanos em plantas aclimatizadas de Gomphrena macrocephala St.-Hil. (Amaranthaceae)

Gomphrena macrocephala é uma espécie herbácea perene, nativa do cerrado brasileiro, que apresenta propriedades medicinais e potencial ornamental. Como outras espécies do cerrado, apresenta fases fenológicas bem definidas. A espécie tem sido estudada em função do acúmulo de carboidratos do tipo frutano em sua raiz tuberosa, cujo padrão de variação está relacionado com as fases fenológicas. O presente estudo utilizou plantas micropropagadas e aclimatizadas, com o objetivo de investigar a presença de frutanos em raízes tuberosas, além de verificar se as condições fotoperiódicas interferem no crescimento, no comportamento fenológico e no acúmulo de frutanos dessas plantas. Dias curtos (8 h) proporcionaram menor crescimento vegetativo, induziram o aparecimento de caracteres de senescência e acúmulo de polissacarídeos, como já descrito para plantas em início de dormência. Dias longos (12 e 16 h), no entanto, estimularam maior desenvolvimento da parte aérea e resultaram em menor conteúdo de frutanos, semelhante ao observado em plantas em fase de crescimento vegetativo.

Detection and partial characterization of an isolate of Groundnut ringspot virus in Solanum sessiliflorum

The cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum) fruit, originating in the Amazon basin, is commonly used in that region for food, medicine, and cosmetics. In an experimental culture of cubiu, in order to evaluate its adaptation to conditions in the Northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, it was observed plants with mosaic symptoms. A cubiu plant was collected and analyzed to identify the etiological agent. After mechanical passage through a local lesion host, a host range test was performed. The virus induced chlorotic local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa, necrotic local lesions in Gomphrena globosa, mosaic in S. sessiliflorum, leaf and stem necrosis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) 'Rutgers', mosaic and leaf distortion in Datura stramonium and Physalis floridana, and necrotic local lesions followed by systemic necrosis and plant death in four Nicotiana species. Electron microscopic observations of ultra thin sections from infected cubiu leaves showed the presence of spheroidal, membrane-bound particles typical of tospovirus species. Analysis of the nucleocapsid protein from concentrated virus particles indicated the presence of a 28 kDa protein. RT-PCR was performed after total RNA extraction from infected IPA-6 tomato leaves. A fragment of approximately 0,8 kbp corresponding to the N gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced. The N protein from the cubiu isolate was 95% homologous to the Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) protein, and no more than 85% homologous to those from Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) and Chrysanthemun stem necrosis virus (CSNV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). This is the first report of the occurrence of GRSV (or any other plant virus) in cubiu.

Tomato chlorotic spot virus in hydroponically-grown lettuce in São Paulo State, Brazil

In the regions of Campinas and Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil, hidroponically grown crops of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. Verônica, which showed virus-like symptoms were examined by electron microscope, biological, serological and molecular tests. Pleomorphic, enveloped particles (80-100 nm in diameter) were always detected in these samples. Experimentally inoculated host plants, including lettuce, reacted with tospoviruses-induced symptoms. Some differences were observed in Gomphrena globosa, which reacted by showing local lesions and systemic mosaic. Two isolates of Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) were identified by DAS-ELISA and by RT-PCR. The sequencing and alignment of the RT-PCR coat protein amplified fragments have indicated a high degree of homology with the TCSV sequences stored in the GenBank. This is the first report of losses due to a virus from the genus Tospovirus in commercial hydroponic lettuce crops in Brazil. Further epidemiological studies are needed for better understanding the spread of the virus in hydroponic crops, since Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is reported to spread through the nutritive solution.