Infecção experimental de Calomys callosus (Rengger, 1830), (Cricetidae - Rodentia) a quatro espécies de parasitos

Neste trabalho foram estudados exemplares do roedor, Calomys callosus, nascidos em laboratório, a infecções experimentais com quatro parasitos: Plasmodium berghei, Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, Schistosoma mansoni e Hymenolepsis nana. A positividade das infecções foi de 80% para os três primeiros parasitos e 0 para H. nana. C. callosus é um roedor de excelente adaptação em laboratório e de fácil manuseio. Acredita-se que, de acordo com os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, este animal poderia ser um bom modelo experimental de laboratório para certos agentes patogênicos.

Dinâmica populacional e efeitos da temperatura ambiental e precipitação pluviométrica sobre Astylus variegatus (Germar, 1824) e A. sexmaculatus (Perty, 1830) (Coleoptera; Dasytidae)

Foi determinada a dinâmica populacional de A. variegatus e A. sexmaculatus e o efeito da precipitação pluviomêtrica e temperatura máxima, media e mínima sobre a movimentação dos adultos, durante o ano de 1986, em Maria da Fé-MG. Estas espécies, notadamente a primeira, vêm crescendo em importância como pragas agrícolas pelos danos causados pelas larvas às sementes no solo, antes da germinação. Mostraram-se muito atraídas pela cor amarelo brilhante, permitindo a utilização de armadilhas de Moericke para monitoramento de populações de adultos. Os primeiros exemplares foram capturados no final de janeiro e início de fevereiro e as populações cresceram rapidamente. Por serem polenófagos, este fato pode estar relacionado ao florescimento do milho cultivado na área, em rotação com a batata. Observou-se um pequeno pico populacional no início de março e o acme ocorreu uma semana mais tarde, quando foram coletados 886 adultos de A. variegatus e 240 de A. sexmaculatus, numa única armadilha em apenas sete dias. A partir daí as populações decresceram não sendo observados mais adultos a partir do mês de junho. Estudos de Regressão Linear Múltipla entre os parâmetros climáticos avaliados e o número de adultos capturados mostraram que a temperatura máxima foi a variável mais relacionada á movimentação dos adultos das duas espécies estudadas.

Contribuição ao conhecimento da tribu Ormiini: I: gênero Ormia robineau-desvoidy 1830 (Diptera, Tachinidae)

The author redescribes two species of the genus Ormia: Ormia bilimekii Brauer et Bergenstamm, 1889 and ormia lineifrons Sabrosky, 1953, Brasil. Two new species, Ormia rachoui sp. n. from Corcovado, Estado da Guanabara and Ormia lopesi sp. n. from Angra dos Reis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, are also described.

Contribuição ao conhecimento da tribu Ormiini: IV: gêneros Ormia Robineau Desvoidy, 1830, e, Euphasiopteryx Townsend, 1915 (Diptera, Tachinidae)

Studying thirteen speciemens of the genus Ormia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and one of Euphasiopteryx Towsend, 1915, the author describes six new species: Ormia mendesi sp. n., Ormia lenkoi sp. n., Ormia carreirai sp. n., Ormia crespoi sp. n., Ormia wygodzinskyi sp. n., and Euphasiopteryx lenti sp. n. from Brasil and Argentina. The importance of the ocelli as a generic character, as stated by Towsend (1936) is discussed based on the absence of ocelli in Ormia mendesi sp. n. and Ormia crespoi sp. n. and its presence in Euphasiopteryx lenti sp. n. A key for the determination of Ormia species is presented based chiefly on the males external morphological characters.

Calomys callosus Rengger, 1830 (Rodentia-Cricetidae): sua caracterização, distribuição, biologia, criação e manejo de uma cepa em laboratório

Neste trabalho, está relatada a metodologia sobre a criação e manejo de uma cepa de Calomys callosus Rengger, 1830 (Rodentia-Cricetidae) chamada Canabrava, em condicoes de cativeiro. Os resultados mostram que este roedor pode se constituir em mais uma opção como animal de laboratório. No cativeiro C. callosus apresenta varias vantagens tais como: fácil manuseio, produtividade alta, reprodução durante todo ano, aparente resistência as infecções comuns a ratos (Rattus norvegicus), camundongos (Mus musculus) e cobaias (Cavia aperea). Por ser roedor de pequeno porte, a criação de C. callosus não requer grandes espaços e custos altos.

Revisão das espécies neotropicais de Ophyra Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera, Muscidae, Azelinae)

Data on the genus Ophyra and on its known neotropical species are presented as well as a key to segregate them.

Comparison of the reproductive behavior between isolated Peckia chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) and Adiscochaeta ingens (Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) females reared in laboratory

In both species, maintained under laboratory environmental conditions, anautogeny was comproved and all females that had free access to proteic source were fertiles. We obtained the following average values for Peckiachrysostoma: 59.7 ± 15.6 and 81.8 ± 15.4 days of longevity in the respective cases of free access and no access to proteic source, 21.4 ± 4.3 days of pre-larviposition period and 35.2 ± 16.5 days of larviposition period, 5.3 ± 1.8 larvipositions female with 7.0 ± 1.1 days of periodicity, 35.7 ± 6.1 larvae per larviposition leading to a total number of 183.8 ± 69.2 viable larvae per female and 94.8% ± 5.3% of productivity. The mean number of ovarioles per female was 56.4 ± 9.8, resulting in a reproductive potential of 63.3%. For Adiscochaeta ingens, the obtained average values were: 41.3 ± 6.3 and 52 ± 13.1 days of longevity in the respective cases of free access and no access to proteic source, 15.3 ± 1.7 days of pre-larviposition period and 21.5 ± 7.5 days of larviposition period, 3 ± 0.7 larvipositions per female with 10.4 ± 0.8 days of periodicity, 30.3 ± 8.2 larvae per larviposition leading to a total number of 78.5 ± 21.7 viable larvae per female and 90.1% ± 16% of productivity. The mean number of ovarioles per female was 54.6 ± 5.2, resulting in a reproductive potential of 55.5%. Within applied parameters, the values obtained for P. chrysostoma demonstrate its superior productivity in comparison with A. ingens

Desenvolvimento Pós-embrionário de Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Muscidae) em Diferentes Dietas, sob Condições de Laboratório

Post-embryonic Development of Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Muscidae), in Different Diets, under Laboratory Conditions - The performance of various diets (bovine meat, fish- sardine, shrimp, dog faeces, and banana) in Ophyra aenescens development was evaluated. The biology was studied in an incubator (BOD) at 27±1oC and 80±10% of RH. The developmental time from larvae to adult, the developmental time and viability of larvae and pupae, the weight of pupae as well as the sex ratio of the emerging adults were also determined. Beef and shrimp were the more efficient diets for rearing O. aenescens.

Intestinal fibrovascular nodules caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection in Calomys callosus Rengger, 1830 (Rodentia: Cricetidae): a model of concomitant fibrosis and angiogenesis

Human schistosomiasis develops extensive and dense fibrosis in portal space, together with congested new blood vessels. This study demonstrates that Calomys callosus infected with Schistosoma mansoni also develops fibrovascular lesions, which are found in intestinal subserosa. Animals were percutaneously infected with 70 cercariae and necropsied at 42, 45, 55, 80, 90 and 160 days after infection. Intestinal sections were stained for brightfield, polarization microscopy, confocal laser scanning, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. Immunohistological analysis was also performed and some nodules were aseptically collected for cell culture. Numerous intestinal nodules, appearing from 55 up to 160 days after infection, were localized at the interface between external muscular layer and intestinal serosa, consisting of fibrovascular tissue forming a shell about central granuloma(s). Intranodular new vessels were derived from the vasculature of the external vascular layer and were positive for laminin, chondroitin-sulfate, smooth muscle alpha-actin and FVIII-RA. Fibroblastic cells and extracellular matrix components (collagens I, III and VI, fibronectin and tenascin) comprised the stroma. Intermixed with the fibroblasts and vessels there were variable number of eosinophils, macrophages and haemorrhagic foci. In conclusion, the nodules constitute an excellent and accessible model to study fibrogenesis and angiogenesis, dependent on S. mansoni eggs. The fibrogenic activity is fibroblastic and not myofibroblastic-dependent. The angiogenesis is so prominent that causes haemorrhagic ascites.

Infectious disease among enslaved African Americans at Eaton's Estate, Warren County, North Carolina, ca. 1830-1850

The skeletal remains of 17 people buried in the Eaton Ferry Cemetery in northern North Carolina provide a means of examining health and infectious disease experience in the XIX century South. The cemetery appears to contain the remains of African Americans enslaved on the Eaton family estate from approximately 1830-1850, and thus offers a window into the biological impacts of North American slavery in the years preceding the Civil War. The sample includes the remains of six infants, one child, and one young and nine mature adults (five men, four women, and one unknown). Skeletal indices used to characterize health and disease in the Eaton Ferry sample include dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, enamel hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal lesions, lytic lesions, and stature. These indicators reveal a cumulative picture of compromised health, including high rates of dental disease, childhood growth disruption, and infectious disease. Specific diseases identified in the sample include tuberculosis and congenital syphilis. Findings support previous research on the health impacts of slavery, which has shown that infants and children were the most negatively impacted segment of the enslaved African American population.

Revisão do gênero Anisocerus Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1830 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Anisocerini)

The genus Anisocerus and the two species, A. scopifer (Germar, 1824) and A. stellatus Guérin-Ménéville, 1855, are redescribed and illustrated. A new synonym is proposed: A. stellatus Guérin-Méneville, 1855 = A. onca White, 1855 syn. nov. The two species are redescribed and illustrated.

Notas e descrições em Bisaltes Thomson, 1868 e Ptericoptus Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1830 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini)

The following new species are described in the subgenus Bisaltes (Bisaltes): B. (B.) picticornis sp. nov. from Bolivia; B.(B.) taua sp. nov. from Brazil (Paraná and Santa Catarina) and B. (B.) unicolor sp. nov. from Ecuador. Bisaltes (B.) pictus Breuning, 1940 is transferred to the subgenus Craspedocerus. In Ptericoptus, P. hybridus hybridus Breuning, 1939 is considered a synonym of P. acuminatus (Fabricius, 1801); P. dorsalis Audinet-Serville, 1835 previously in the synonymy of P. acuminatus is revalidated and Saperda vitta Newman, 1838 is considered its synonym; P. corumbaensis sp. nov. is described from Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul).

Flutuação populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae) na Região Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Fruit flies are the major pests in fruit orchards and require a frequent insecticide aplication control, which increases production cost and chemical residues in fruits. Adults of Anastrepha fraterculus were sampled from twelve peach, plum, orange, tangerine and acid lime orchards in four counties in the Western Region of Santa Catarina. Modified McPhail plastic traps, baited with glucose 10%, were used to collect the flies from October 1998 to September 2000. Trap monitoring, bait replacement and fruit flies sorting by species and sex were done weekly. A total of 4,164 specimens of A. fraterculus was collected and highest population was registered in the county of Chapecó (64,8% of all sampled flies). Adults were collected all year long, with the highest population peaks occurring from December and January, although the fluctuation was different for each fruit species due to their particular phenology and in different years. Positive correlation among temperature, atmospheric humidity and population levels of adults of A. fraterculus was observed. According to the degree days obtained for each year, 4851.9, 4632.9 and 4983.7, respectively in 1998, 1999 and 2000, it was established that A. fraterculus could present an average of 11.2 generations a year.