Parasitic castration in Fissurella crassa (Archaeogastropoda) due to an adult Digenea, Proctoeces lintoni (Fellodistomidae)

Specimens of Fissurella crassa (Archaeogastropoda) from Ilo, southern Perú, are infected with the adult stage of the digenetic trematode Proctoeces lintoni (Fellodistomidae). The histopatological analysis of the male and female gonads show a strong effect of the parasite on the structure and function of these organs. P. lintoni live unencysted in the gonads, and the main mechanical damage is originated by the action of a well developed acetabulum. Chemical actions of parasitic secretions may also be involved. The infected gonads show altered structure and the gametogenic processes is aborted. There is no evidence of hemocytic response, but leucocite infiltration is evident at least in male infected gonads. An increased content of polysaccarides is evident in infected gonads.

Verificação de antagonismo entre larvas de Schistosoma mansoni e larvas de outros Digenea em Biomphalaria tenagophila, molusco planobídeo de criadouro natural situado na região de Campinas, SP, Brasil

Foi observado o comportamento de larvas de S. mansoni em moluscos prévia e naturalmente infectados por larvas de outros Digenea. Foi verificado que as larvas de S. mansoni não se desenvolveram nos moluscos previamente infectados com purcocercárias longifurcadas com ocelos ou com furcocercárias longifurcadas sem ocelos. Observou-se resistência parcial ao desenvolvimento de S. mansoni nos moluscos previamente infectados por equinostomocercárias ou por distomocercárias com acúleo. A ausência de reação amebocitária em torno dos esporocistos de S. mansoni nos moluscos infectados por outros digenéticos parece indicar a não participação dos amebócitos na resistência oferecida ao desenvolvimento das larvas de S. mansoni.

Aspectos imunológicos e parasitológicos em Biomphalaria tenagophila infectadas por Schistosoma mansoni e outros Digenea

Estudou-se o comportamento de amebócitos de Biomphalaria tenagophila infectadas por Schistosoma mansoni, por outros Digenea e a resistência à superinfecção, presente em infecções mistas. Foi verificada a atividade fagocitária dos amebócitos, o número destas células circulantes, a reação amebocitária nos tecidos, o perfil eletroforético da hemolinfa, além da reação de imunodifusão. Concluiu-se que moluscos infectados por outros Digenea apresentam resistência à superinfecção por S. mansoni, sendo que os amebócitos parecem não ter participação direta na destruição dos esporocistos de S. mansoni nesta eventualidade. Nos moluscos infectados observou-se maior número de amebócitos circulantes e aumento de capacidade fagocitária destas células.

Melanoides tuberculatus (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) as intermediate host of Heterophyidae (Trematoda: Digenea) in Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Brazil

In the late 1960s, Melanoides tuberculatus snails were introduced in Brazil from North/East Africa and Southeast Asia. The first records of specimens infected with cercariae were registered in Rio de Janeiro State in 2001. The present study reports the occurrence of M. tuberculatus infected with larval trematodes in Rio de Janeiro City. Bottom sediment was collected with dip nets and sieved through 0.25 inch-mesh screening. Snails were transported to the laboratory in vials with stream water, then measured and individually isolated in glass vials with distilled water. They were exposed to artificial light and temperature to induce cercarial emergence. The most actively emerging cercariae were processed by differential staining and silver nitrate impregnation methods. Negative snails were subsequently dissected. Approximately 700 snails were collected. Snail total lengths ranged from 1.2 to 3.3 cm. The prevalence rate was 15.76% although 53.76% of the snails were found infected in one of the sites. Infected snails were infected with rediae and pleurolophocercous cercariae. Cercarial morphology and chaetotaxy were consistent with those of the family Heterophyidae mostly due to the presence of median dorsal and ventral fins on the tail and the absence of CI dorsal sensory receptors.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LYMNAEIDAE (MOLLUSCA, BASOMMATOPHORA), INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Fasciola hepatica LINNAEUS, 1758 (TREMATODA, DIGENEA) IN BRAZIL

Snails of the family Lymnaeidae act as intermediate hosts in the biological cycle of Fasciola hepatica, which is a biological agent of fasciolosis, a parasitic disease of medical importance for humans and animals. The present work aimed to update and map the spatial distribution of the intermediate host snails of F. hepatica in Brazil. Data on the distribution of lymnaeids species were compiled from the Collection of Medical Malacology (Fiocruz-CMM, CPqRR), Collection of Malacology (MZUSP), “SpeciesLink” (CRIA) network and through systematic surveys in the literature. Our maps of the distribution of lymnaeids show that Pseudosuccinea columella is the most common species and it is widespread in the South and Southeast with few records in the Midwest, North and Northeast regions. The distribution of the Galba viatrix, G. cubensis and G. truncatula showed a few records in the South and Southeast regions, they were not reported for the Midwest, North and Northeast. In addition, in the South region there are a few records for G. viatrix and one occurrence of Lymnaea rupestris. Our findings resulted in the first map of the spatial distribution of Lymnaeidae species in Brazil which might be useful to better understand the fasciolosis distribution and delineate priority areas for control interventions.

TWO UNUSUAL NEW GENERA OF PARAMPHISTOMIDAE (TREMATODA, DIGENEA) FROM FRESHWATER FISH OF THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Two new genera and species of Paramphistomidae (Tremadota, Digenea) are described from freshwater fish of the Brazilian Amazon. Anavilhanatrema robustagen. et sp. nov. is characterized as having a cylindrical body with an anterior expansion, small suckers, a small cirrus sac, large lobate testes, a lobate ovary, long ceca and extensive vitellaria. Pacudistoma turgidagen. et sp. nov., on the other hand, is distinguished by having a stout, cylindrical body, a large oral sucker with internal diverticula, a large genital sucker, smaller lobate testes, a spherical ovary, long ceca and relatively extensive vitellaria. Both species appear to be host specific with A. robustafound in Pristobrycon striolatus(STEINDACHNER) while P. turgidaoccurus in Hyleus pacu(SCHOMBURCK).

Redescription of the type-material of creptotrema creptotrema travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 (Digenea, Allocreadiidae)

Creptotrema creptotrema Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, a digenetic trematode parasite of Leporinus elongatus, is redescribed from the type-material with additional morphological data and original figures.

New morphological data on Opecoeloides pedicathedrae Travassos, Freitas & Buhrnheim, 1966 (Digenea: Opecoelidae)

New morphological data on the ventral sucker of Opecoeloides pedicathedrae with ten papilliform processes, original figures and measurementes, are reported.

On the species described by Szidat in 1954 in the genus Saccocoelioides (Digenea: Haploporidae)

New morphological data, original measurements and figures of syntypes of the species of Saccocoelioides described by Szidat in 1954 are presented: S. nanii, S. elongatus, S. magniovatus, S. magnus, S. quintus (=S.sp. 5) ans S. szidati (=S.sp.6). Two speciments of S. elongatus are identified to S. nanii, S. leporinodus is considered a synonym of S. saccodontis and S. quintus is regarded as "species inquirenda".

Redescription of Teratotrema dubium, Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 (Callodistomidae: Digenea)

Teratotrema dubium Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, a digenetic trematode parasite of Pseudocurimata plumbea (Curimatidae: Pisces) is redescribed with additional morphological data, confirming the presence of a single testis.

El rol de Cyrtograpsus angulatus (Crustacea; Brachyura) en los ciclos de vida de Microphallus szidati (Digenea; Microphallidae) y Falsifilicollis chasmagnathi (Acanthocephala; Filicollidae): algunos aspectos de su ecologia parasitaria

Basándose en el estudio de los helmintos larvales parásitos del cangrejo Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana, 1851 (Microphallus szidati Martorelli, 1986 (Digenea; Microphallidae) y Falsifilicollis chasmagnathi Holcman-Spector et al., 1977 (Acathocephala; Fillicollidae) conjuntamente con el análisis de sus ciclos biológicos y el estudio de la prevalencia, intensidad y de los índices de asociación (comparados entre los hospedadores intermediarios y definitivos) se pudo concluir que: a) C. angulatus parece ser un excelente hospedador intermediario en los ciclos de vida de los helmintos estudiados; b) el tamaño de los cangrejos y la ocurrencia de amputaciones naturales en las hembras de mayor tamaño Spivak & Politis (en prensa) aparecen correlacionadas con la prevalencia; c) en los cangrejos estudiados la prevalencia para F. chasmagnathi fue mayor en los machos que en las hembras; d) la intensidad no apareció correlacionada con el tamño y el sexo de los hospedadores intermediarios; e) M. szidati y F. chasmagnathi estan fuertemente asociados en el hospedador intermediario; f) C. angulatus e Himantopus melanurus Vieilot, 1817 (Aves; Recurvirostridae) son citados como nuevos hospedadores, intermediario y denitivo respectivamente, para F. chasmagnathi; g) Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 es citado como un nuevo hospedador intermediario para M. szidati.

Schikhobalotrema solitaria sp. n. and S. acanthuri Yamaguti, 1970 (Haplosplanchnidae: Digenea) in Brazilian marine fishes

Schikhobalotrema solitaria sp. n. is described from Stephanolepis hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758), and is characterized by the relation between oral sucker and pharynx 1:1,1. This Relation in the other species ranges between 1:0.3-0.6. It is more similar to S. manteri Siddiqi & Cable, 1960 in the distribution of vitellaria, differing from it in the size of vitelline follicles, extension of uterus and in the size of the eggs. S. acanthuri Yamaguti, 1970 is referred for the first time in South America in Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 representing a new host record.

A new species of Limnoderetrema (Trematoda, Digenea) from the freshwater Atherinid fish Basilichthys australis Eigenmann, 1927 from the south of Chile

Limnoderetrema tolosai sp. n. (Trematoda, Digenea) within an autochthonous freshwater fish, the silverside Basilichthys autralis Eigenmann, 1927, from Lakes Riñihue and Ranco in Southern Chile is described. The species is distinguished from Limnoderetrema minutum (Manter, 1954) by the presence of one spine in the cirrus and cecal bifurcation nearer to ventral sucker than to pharinx. It is proposed Limnoderetrema macrophallus (Szidat & Nani, 1951) n. comb. (originally Steganoderma). Limnoderetrema tolosai differs from L. macrophallus since it cirrus has a distal spine and by its vitelline follicles distribution. It seems that Limnoderetrema spp. of South America are highly specific unlike L. minutum of New Zealand.