185 resultados para Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA)
em Scielo Saúde Pública - SP
Resumo:
A disposição de lodo de estação de tratamento de água (LETA) em áreas degradadas é uma alternativa para a gestão de resíduos e pode promover a recuperação destas áreas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de LETA nos teores de macronutrientes, carbono orgânico total (COT) e condutividade eletrolítica (CE) em amostras de solo degradado pela mineração de cassiterita. O LETA pode ser disposto em áreas degradadas, já que eleva os teores de Ca, Mg, K e o valor de pH do solo.
Resumo:
An alternative application of the humid sludge from the Passaúna WTP, located in Curitiba's metropolitan area, is proposed for concrete structures, partially replacing aggregates and cement. For the investigation, a reference concrete and four concrete mixtures with sludge were produced, and from these, two mixtures, containing 4% and 8% of sludge (m/m), were analyzed by different techniques: X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, physicochemical analysis, compressive strength, etc. The properties were evaluated and the results indicate that the mixtures can be applied in different situations as cast structures for construction of concrete walls. Mixtures with more than 4% of sludge are restricted to applications where the workability of the concrete is not required, such as for residential pavements, sidewalks and stepping floors.
Resumo:
This survey determined the physical and chemical properties of the gravel place where urban sludge from Rio Descoberto's Water Treatment Plant is disposed. Physical, chemical and biological analysis of the soil samples (n=54), sludge samples (n=2), chemical coagulant (n=20) and samples from superficial waters (n=9) and water table (n=60) were performed. As results we can emphasize the horizontal distribution of mineral phases like gibbsite, organic material, exchanged Ca, available Mn and P on the soils are originated from the sludge. Some of these mobile elements could stimulate the growing of the vegetation, but they also could contaminate the water table.
Produtividade e qualidade da cana-de-açúcar irrigada com efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e qualitativo da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.), irrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial com efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto (EETE). Testaram-se lâminas de irrigação entre 0, na testemunha sem irrigação, e 200% da evapotranspiração máxima da cultura, em dois ciclos de cultivo de cana soca, adubada com metade da quantidade recomendada de nitrogênio (N). A produtividade, em cada ciclo, foi ajustada a um modelo que considera a produtividade da cana planta como covariável. Por esse modelo, os ganhos em produtividade, proporcionados pela reposição da evapotranspiração com EETE, foram de 17,13 e 25,76 Mg ha-1. A aplicação de 200% de EETE resultou no ganho estimado de 19,84 Mg ha-1 na primeira soca e 40,47 Mg ha-1 na segunda. Houve redução de sólidos solúveis do caldo da cana, com o uso da irrigação na primeira soca. No entanto, outros parâmetros indicativos da qualidade industrial não foram significativamente alterados pela irrigação. A irrigação com EETE proporciona ganhos de produtividade da cana-de-açúcar e reduz a adubação nitrogenada recomendada no cultivo da primeira e segunda socas.
Resumo:
O resíduo do processo de parboilização do arroz apresenta alta quantidade de elementos como N e P, dentre outros, que, uma vez incorporados ao solo, poderão servir como fonte de nutrientes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho avaliou alguns atributos de um Argissolo, a produção de massa seca e o estado nutricional do milho cultivado após a adição de lodo anaeróbio originado do processo de parboilização do arroz. O experimento foi instalado em vasos com capacidade para 4,0 kg de solo e com quatro repetições. Foram estudados os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha; adubação NPK; 2,15, 4,31, 8,62, 12,93, e 17,24 g kg-1 de lodo (base seca) no solo. A aplicação de lodo aumentou o rendimento de matéria seca do milho, assim como os valores de pH, condutividade elétrica e os teores de N, P, K e Na do solo. As doses de lodo aumentaram também os teores de N, P e K e diminuíram os de Ca e Mg, da parte aérea do milho.
Resumo:
O cultivo do arroz é destaque na região Sul, com 60 % da produção total desse cereal no país. A parboilização do arroz é um tratamento hidrotérmico que cozinha parcialmente os grãos ainda em casca, melhorando seu valor nutricional. Desse processo resulta um efluente rico em matéria orgânica e nutrientes, que pode ser utilizado como adubo orgânico na agricultura. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de um solo com base nas alterações de alguns atributos microbianos decorrentes do acréscimo de lodo anaeróbio da estação de tratamento de efluentes de parboilização do arroz. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro em casa de vegetação, por meio do cultivo de milho em um Argissolo acrescido de lodo (base seca) nas doses de 2,15; 4,31; 8,62; 12,93; e 17,24 g kg-1, em que foram analisados os teores de C orgânico total (COT) e N total (NT)do solo e da biomassa microbiana. O segundo foi desenvolvido em laboratório, utilizando-se vasos respirométricos, com o mesmo solo e tratamentos do experimento anterior, onde se analisou a atividade da microbiota do solo pela determinação da respiração basal. Como tratamentos controle foram utilizados: solo sem adubação e solo adubado com NPK. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento completamente casualizado com quatro repetições. A atividade microbiana do solo e o C (CM) e N (NM) da biomassa microbiana aumentaram com as doses de lodo e proporcionaram diminuição no quociente metabólico do solo. A aplicação do lodo não alterou as relações COT/NT, CM/NM, CM/COT e NM/NT, em comparação com o tratamento NPK. A aplicação do lodo ao solo aumentou os teores de COT e causou diminuição nos teores de N mineral (NH4+ e NO3-), quando comparados aos do tratamento NPK. O lodo originado da parboilização do arroz pode ser aplicado ao solo, em doses recomendadas, com benefícios à atividade e à biomassa microbiana.
Resumo:
The growing concern of environmental surveillance of the quality of hydric resources guides the development of research on management of residues generated in water treatment plants (WTP). Approximately 8.000 WTPs in Brazil operate without a treatment program of the residues, disposing these effluents in the environment. This work evaluated WTP discharges into watercourses by collecting superficial waters, sediments and benthic samples at the town of Registro, São Paulo State, Brazil. Even though superficial waters and benthic samples showed no further contamination, sediment analysis pointed out that aluminum deposits detected near sludge discharges may represent a potential risk to the environment.
Resumo:
The remediation of groundwater containing organochlorine compounds was evaluated using a reductive system with zero-valent iron, and the reductive process coupled with Fenton's reagent. The concentration of the individual target compounds reached up to 400 mg L-1 in the sample. Marked reductions in the chlorinated compounds were observed in the reductive process. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in terms of the contaminant and was dependent on the sample contact time with the solid reducing agent. An oxidative test with Fenton's reagent, followed by the reductive assay, showed that tetrachloroethylene was further reduced up to three times the initial concentration. The destruction of chloroform, however, demands an additional treatment.
Resumo:
In the present paper, the use of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), produced from discarded polystyrene materials through heterogeneous and homogeneous processes, was investigated. The use of PSS for water treatment, using a kaolin suspension as wastewater model, reduced water turbidity for all the employed materials when compared to the blank analysis, without PSS. The most efficient polyelectrolyte was PSS cups obtained by homogeneous route. The same behavior was observed for real system. The homogeneous PSS cups showed a balance between a moderate molecular weight and high anionic character that improved flocks formation and water removal turbidity.
Resumo:
The work reported here involved the characterization of sludges produced at water treatment plants in Jaboticabal-SP using FeCl3 as flocculant, and in Taquaritinga-SP and Manaus-AM using Al2(SO4)3 as flocculant. An evaluation was also made of the interaction of organic matter extracted from the sludges with different metal species. The results indicated that all the sludges produced at water treatment plants have an important agricultural potential and that their use depends on the characteristics of the raw water and the type of flocculant employed in conventional treatment. The humic substances extracted from the sludges showed different affinities for metal species, favoring eventual exchanges between potentially toxic metals and macro- and micronutrients. An alternative for the use of sludge in agriculture is to pretreat it to remove potentially toxic metals and enrich it with micro- and macronutrients that can be released to the plant.
Resumo:
Jundiaí river is the main stream in the Jundiaí Hydrographic Basin and its water is not considered safe for public supply. The water problem is getting worse with the development of the region. The Pirai stream, have been one of the last potable water resource. With the purpose of investigating the sediment quality, due to its influence on the water quality, bioavailable and total Cd and Pb were determined using TS-FF-AAS. Total Cd and Pb up to 2.47 and 24.7 µg g-1 were measured, respectively. The wastewater sludge showed concentrations of 4.01 and 171 µg g-1, for the same metals.
Resumo:
Nitrous oxide emissions from an activated sludge plant which serves a research institute in Rio de Janeiro city were estimated from six unit processes (grit tank, sand trap, aeration tank, secondary settling tank, sludge recirculation line and aerobic digester sludge tank) and also from the plant effluent. Total estimated annual flux was 3.2 x 10(4) g N2O yr-1 of which about 90% was from the aeration tank. Emission factors estimated from population served, wastewater flow and nitrogen load (conversion ratio) were 13 g N2O person-1 yr-1, 9.0 x 10-5 g N2O Lwastewater-1 and 0.14%.
Resumo:
The main objective was to study the treatment of wastewater generated by the oil industry. This work consisted of tests of electroflocculation with alternate current (AC), and chemical coagulation. The removal efficiencies of organic load were evaluated by the removal of oils and greases, color and turbidity. The parameters investigated were the change in alternate current frequency, the initial pH, the distance between electrodes, the applied potential and time lapse. From the results, one may conclude that the electroflocculation process is potential applicability to the effluent studied, while chemical coagulation was not successful.
Resumo:
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were measured monthly from January to June 2010 in the aeration tank of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Southeast Brazil. Emissions were lower in summer than winter and were positively related with influent ammonium (NH4+) concentration. The average N2O emission was 1.11 kg N day-1 corresponding to 0.02% of the influent total nitrogen load. The average emission factor calculated for the population served was 2.5 lower than that proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for inventories of N2O emissions from WWTPs with controlled nitrification and denitrification processes.
Resumo:
Three bacterial strains were isolated from the activated sludge system of petroleum refinery wastewater, identified by partial sequencing of 16S rDNA, and classified as Acinetobacter genomospecies 3, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus flexus. The degradation efficiency of aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. In a mineral medium containing anthracene and phenanthrene and the consortium of microorganisms, the removal efficiency was 96% and 99%, respectively, after 30 days. The good rate of hydrocarbon degradation proves the operational efficiency of the microbial consortium in treating effluents containing these compounds.