Particulate bioglass in the regeneration of alveolar bone in dogs: clinical, surgical and radiographic evaluations

Bone loss, either by trauma or other diseases, generates an increasing need for substitutes of this tissue. This study evaluated Bioglass as a bone substitute in the regeneration of the alveolar bone in mandibles of dogs by clinical, surgical and radiological analysis. Twenty-eight adult dogs were randomly separated into two equal groups. In each animal, a bone defect was created on the vestibular surface of the alveolar bone between the roots of the fourth right premolar tooth. In the treated group, the defect was immediately filled with bioglass, while in the control, it remained unfilled. Clinical evaluations were performed daily for a week, as well as x-rays immediately after surgery and at 8, 14, 21, 42, 60, 90 and 120 days post-operative. Most animals in both groups showed no signs of inflammation and wound healing was similar. Radiographic examination revealed a gradual increase of radiopacity in the region of the defect in the control group. In the treated group, initial radiopacity was higher than that of adjacent bone, decreasing until 21 days after surgery. Then it gradually increased until 120 days after surgery, when the defect became undetectable. The results showed that Bioglass integrates into bone tissue, is biocompatible and reduced the period for complete bone regeneration.

Preserved xenogenic amniotic membrane as a patch on the repair of superficial corneal ulcers in rabbits

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of canine amniotic membrane, previously preserved in glycerin, used as a patch on the repair of experimentally-made superficial corneal ulcers and to compare corneal epithelization between the treated and non-treated groups. Xenogeneic amniotic membranes were collected aseptically and preserved in 99% glycerin at room temperature. Each animal was anesthetized and submitted to superficial corneal keratectomy of the left eye. The treated group received a fragment of canine amniotic membrane as a patch, while the control group had no treatment. The treated group showed blepharospasm, ocular discharge and conjunctival congestion. The membrane accelerated corneal repair in the beginning of the process, however, it delayed its conclusion (p<0.05). Treated eyes showed greater vessel formation and decreased corneal transparency (p<0.05). The stroma of the control group was thicker than that of the treated group (p<0.05). We suggest that amniotic membrane used in this manner can be applied as a therapy for superficial corneal ulcers in the beginning phases of the repair process.

Prevalence of periodontal disease in dogs and owners' level of awareness - a prospective clinical trial

Periodontal disease (PD) is widely known among veterinarians for its high prevalence and serious consequences to the dogs. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of PD in dogs that live in the micro-region of Viçosa, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Viçosa (HVT - Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa), as well as to assess how aware of this disease dog owners are. In order to do so, all dogs treated at the HVT from March 10th, 2009 to November 30th, 2009, on alternate days, had their oral cavities examined. Medical history data, such as age, type of food, main complaint and owner consent, halitosis, presence of dental calculus, inflammation and gingival recession and tooth loss, were collected. A prevalence of 88.67% was found for PD in dogs referred to the HVT, and 2.67% were referred due to this disease. Of all the owners who participated in the study, 43.83% knew about periodontal disease and of these 17.46% made use of some type of prevention or treatment. Therefore, periodontal disease is highly prevalent and the owners are not aware of the disease. Thus, a dog owner clarification program on periodontal disease is needed in the area where HVT-UFV operates.

Avaliação de extrato de algas no progresso temporal da mancha de Mycosphaerella em cultivares de morangueiro

Em morangueiros, a mancha das folhas, causada por Mycosphaerella fragariae, é uma das doenças mais comuns na cultura, o que torna importantes os estudos de controle alternativo e de cultivares, sobre o progresso da epidemia. Em busca de práticas alternativas para seu controle, avaliou-se o efeito de cultivares de morangueiro e do extrato da alga Ascophyllum nodosum, na expressão dos sintomas de mycosphaerella, além de avaliar o ajuste de modelos de crescimento para o progresso temporal da incidência e severidade da doença. Utilizou-se o extrato de algas a 29%, na dose de 2 L ha-1, aplicado no solo, na folha e em ambos. As cultivares Dover, Toyonoka, Albion, Camarosa, Ventana, Campinas, Tudla e Camino Real foram avaliadas, quinzenalmente, quanto a incidência e severidade da doença. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. Com os dados de incidência e severidade, calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e utilizou-se a análise de variância para avaliar o efeito de cultivares e do extrato de algas. Aos dados do progresso temporal da incidência e da severidade, em cada cultivar, foram ajustados os modelos monomolecular, logístico e de Gompertz. O extrato de algas não apresentou efeito ou interação com cultivares, no controle da mycosphaerella. Houve efeito de cultivar com menor intensidade da doença, em Albion e Ventana, devido, principalmente, ao atraso na epidemia, pela redução do inóculo inicial efetivo. Aos dados de progresso temporal da incidência e da severidade ajustaram-se, respectivamente, os modelos logístico e monomolecular, para todas as cultivares.

Composite synthetic hydroxyapatite 30%, in two physical states, as dermal filler

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the implantation of synthetic hydroxyapatite 30% (HAP-91®) in different physical states as dermal filler. Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were used, distributed randomly into two equal groups and then divided into three groups according to the postoperative period at 8, 21 and 49 days. One mL of HAP-91®, fluid and viscous, was implanted in the subcutaneous tissue, 1 cm proximal to the cranial crest of the right scapula. The thickness of the skin was measured before and after implantation and for the following 15 days. Pain sensitivity assessment was conducted, assigning the following scores: 0 - when the animal allowed the touch of the implant area and expressed no signs of pain; 1 - when the animal allowed the touch, but pain reaction occurred, like increase of the respiratory rate or attempt to escape; 2 - when the animal did not allow the touch to the implanted area. At 8, 21 and 49 days, biopsy of the implanted area was performed. No difference was observed between the thickness of the skin (p>0.05) and all animals received a score 0 for soreness. Histological analysis did not reveal any obvious inflammatory process, showing a predominance of mononuclear cells in samples of eight days and tissue organization around the biomaterial with a tendency to encapsulation. The results indicate that HAP-91®, both viscous and fluid, is biocompatible and suitable for dermal filling.

Sensibilidade de leveduras do gênero Candida, isoladas de pacientes com câncer, a antifúngicos poliênicos

Por meio da determinação da CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima) e da CFM (Concentração Fungicida Mínima), os autores compararam a sensibilidade de amostras de Candida isoladas de pacientes com câncer, com as de cepas isoladas de pacientes sem câncer, frente à anfotericina B e a nistatina. Os autores não verificaram diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos estudados e discutem o fenômeno da resistência de Candida a antifungicos poliênicos

Estudo comparativo entre as técnicas de diluição em caldo e diluição em ágar, nos antibiogramas para Candida: a comparative study

Os autores compararam o desempenho das técnicas de diluição em caldo e diluição em ágar, mediante a determinação da CIM (concentração inibitória mínima) e da CFM (concentração fungicida mínima) de antifúngicos poliênicos e imidazólicos, frente a diversas espécies de Candida. A concordância entre as técnicas foi variável em função do antifúngico utilizado. Os melhores percentuais de concordância ocorreram quando se realizou o teste com poliênicos. Os autores discutem aspectos que envolvem a problemática dos testes de sensibilidade de leveduras a antifúngicos

Histopathology, serology and cultures in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report 13 cases of cryptococcal infection based on histopathology, serology and cultures. Epidemiological analysis, histochemical techniques of hematoxilin and eosin (HE) and Grocot's silver (GMS), as well special histochemical techniques such as Mayer's mucicarmine (MM) and Fontana-Masson (FM), cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg) and isolation on fungal media: Sabouraud's (SAB), brain-heart infusion agar (BHI) and canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar were analyzed. Unsatisfactory staining results by MM stain associated to negative titers by CrAg test, which FM stain confirmed that capsule-deficient Cryptococcus infections were observed in four cases. Eight isolated cases were identified as follows: six cases were infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and two cases were Cryptococcus gattii.

Unusual morphologies of Cryptococcus spp. in tissue specimens: report of 10 cases

Ten cases of cryptococcosis due to unusual microscopic forms of Cryptococcus sp. observed over a twenty-eight year period (1981-2009) are presented. The most important clinicopathological and laboratory data are tabulated. The uncommon forms of cryptococcal cells given are: structures resembling germ tube (one case), chains of budding yeasts (one case), pseudohyphae (two cases) and nonencapsulated yeast-like organisms (eight cases). The diagnosis was based on the histopathological findings. The causative organism was isolated and identified in seven cases; five were due to C. neoformans, and two to C. gattii. In addition, the importance of using staining histochemical techniques - Grocott's silver stain (GMS), Mayer's mucicarmine stain (MM) and Fontana-Masson stain (FM) - in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis is argued.

Avaliação da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca em mulheres climatéricas treinadas e sedentárias

FUNDAMENTO: Alterações da função autonômica cardíaca são freqüentes no climatério e diferentes métodos têm sido empregados para conhecê-las e minimizá-las. OBJETIVO: Estudar a interferência da atividade física dinâmica aeróbica de baixa intensidade sobre a variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC) de mulheres climatéricas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que analisou a VFC de 15 mulheres climatéricas com média de idade de 56,8 ± 4,9 anos, que já se encontravam em treinamento físico (caminhada de uma hora diária, três vezes por semana) há pelo menos dois anos (grupo ativo), e de 15 mulheres climatéricas (56,5 ± 3,7 anos) sedentárias (grupo sedentário). Todas as voluntárias não faziam uso de reposição hormonal. Os dados da VFC foram comparados entre os grupos por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Houve diferenças significativas tanto no domínio da freqüência como no domínio do tempo das seguintes variáveis da VFC, em medianas, para os grupos ativo e sedentário, respectivamente: potência total (22.626,50 ms² e 4.432,10 ms²), componente baixa freqüência (741,20 ms² e 131,70 ms²), componente alta freqüência (668,90 ms² e 131,70 ms²), desvios padrão dos intervalos RR (51,60 ms e 22,50 ms), raiz quadrada da soma dos quadrados das diferenças entre os intervalos RR (35,30 ms e 15,90 ms) e porcentagem de intervalos RR adjacentes maiores que 50 ms (6,6% e 0,2%). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo sugere que o treinamento aeróbio pode ter propiciado significativa melhoria da função autonômica cardíaca das mulheres climatéricas do grupo ativo, podendo ser uma opção útil para preservar essa condição funcional sem necessidade de terapias de reposição hormonal.

Transmission of Leishmania in coffee plantations of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Transmission of Leishmania was studied in 27 coffee plantations in the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. Eighteen females and six males (11.6% of the people tested), aged between 7-65 gave a positive response to the Montenegro skin test. Awareness of sand flies based on the ability of respondents to identify the insects using up to seven predetermined characteristics was significantly greater among inhabitants of houses occupied by at least one Mn+ve individual. Five species of phlebotomine sand fly, including three suspected Leishmania vectors, were collected within plantations under three different cultivation systems. Four of these species i.e., Lu. fischeri (Pinto 1926), Lu. migonei (França 1920), Lu. misionensis (Castro 1959) and Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho 1939) were collected in an organic plantation and the last of these was also present in the other two plantation types. The remaining species, Lu. intermedia (Lutz & Neiva 1912), was collected in plantations under both the "adensado" and "convencional" systems. The results of this study indicate that transmission of Leishmania to man in coffee-growing areas of Minas Gerais may involve phlebotomine sand flies that inhabit plantations.

Phaeohyphomycosis: a clinical-epidemiological and diagnostic study of eighteen cases in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

The goal of this study was to review 18 cases of phaeohyphomycosis in Rio Grande do Sul. The records of all of the patients with a diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis between 1995-2010 were reviewed. Twelve of the 18 patients (66.6%) were male. The average age of the patients was 50 years old (range: 16-74 years). Eleven patients (61%) presented with subcutaneous lesions. Seven patients (38.8%) had received a solid organ transplant. In all of the cases, the presence of melanin in the fungal cells was determined by Fontana-Masson staining of tissue sections and documented. Among the 18 patients, a total of 11 different fungal species were isolated. The causative organisms included Exophiala jeanselmei, Alternaria, Curvularia, Cladophialophora and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To our knowledge, this review reports the first case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. gloeosporioides in a lung transplant patient. The number of reported cases of phaeohyphomycosis has increased in the last decade. In a number of cases, this increased incidence may be primarily attributed to iatrogenic immunodeficiency.

Differential in vitro activity of the DNA topoisomerase inhibitor idarubicin against Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi

In this study the effect of eight DNA topoisomerase inhibitors on the growth Trypanosoma rangeli epimastigotes in cell culture was investigated. Among the eight compounds tested, idarubicin was the only compound that displayed promising trypanocidal activity with a half-maximal growth inhibition (GI50) value in the sub-micromolar range. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed a reduction in DNA content in T. rangeli epimastigotes when treated with idarubicin. In contrast to T. rangeli, against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes idarubicin was much less effective exhibiting a GI50 value in the mid-micromolar range. This result indicates that idarubicin displays differential toxic effects in T. rangeli and T. cruzi. Compared with African trypanosomes, it seems that American trypanosomes are generally less susceptible to DNA topoisomerase inhibitors.

Precipitação efetiva em diferentes formações florestais na floresta nacional de ipanema

O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, unidade de conservação de uso sustentável localizada no município de Iperó-SP, com o objetivo de quantificar e comparar as frações de precipitação efetiva e interceptação da chuva em três povoamentos florestais distintos, sendo eles: Eucalyptus cloeziana, Pinus caribea var. hondurensis e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Para tanto, realizou-se o monitoramento das variáveis precipitação interna, escoamento pelo tronco, interceptação e precipitação em aberto em cada formação florestal, ao longo do período de novembro de 2009 à maio de 2010. O estudo revelou a precipitação efetiva de 86,2%, 85,0% e 77,2%; interceptação de 13,8%, 15,0% e 22,8% em relação à precipitação em aberto em Eucalyptus cloeziana, Pinus caribea var. hondurensis e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, respectivamente. A influência dos povoamentos na distribuição da chuva apresentou diferença significativa somente para o processo de interceptação entre Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e os demais.

Evaluation of a model for induction of periodontal disease in dogs

There are several methods for inducing periodontal disease in animal models, being the bone defect one of the most reported. This study aimed to evaluate this model, through clinical, radiographic, tomographic and histological analyzes, thus providing standardized data for future regenerative works. Twelve dogs were subjected to the induction protocol. In a first surgical procedure, a mucoperiosteal flap was made on the buccal aspect of the right third and fourth premolars and a defect was produced exposing the furcation and mesial and distal roots, with dimensions: 5mm coronoapical, 5mm mesiodistal, and 3mm buccolingual. Periodontal ligament and cementum were curetted and the defect was filled with molding polyester, which was removed after 21 days on new surgical procedure. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed after the two surgeries and before the collection of parts for dental tomography and histological analysis. All animals showed grade II furcation exposure in both teeth. Clinical attachment level increased after induction. Defect size did not change for coronoapical and buccolingual measurements, while mesiodistal size was significantly higher than at the time of defect production. Radiographic analysis showed decreased radiopacity and discontinuity of lamina dura in every tooth in the furcation area. The horizontal progression of the disease was evident in micro-computed tomography and defect content in the histological analysis. Therefore, it is concluded that this method promotes the induction of periodontal disease in dogs in a standardized way, thus being a good model for future work.