ESTRATÉGIA REPRODUTIVA E ALGUNS ASPECTOS DEMOGRÁFICOS DO CAMARÃO Palaemonetes carteri GORDON, 1935 NA AMAZONIA CENTRAL, RIO NEGRO

A ecologia do camarão Palaemonetes carteri Gordon, 1935 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) foi estudada através de coletas mensais, realizadas de janeiro 1989 até maio 1990, na região de Manaus. P. carteri vive na liteira submersa dos igarapés de terra firme em áreas baixas inundadas periodicamente pelas enchentes dos rios. A estratégia de reprodução e a dinâmica da razão sexual foram estudados na base dos 4,441 indivíduos coletados. P. carteri mostrou um dimorfismo sexual do comprimento, as fêmeas sendo maiores que os machos. O período de reprodução foi restrito a enchente e a cheia das águas. O número de ovos por fêmea variou entre 5 e 39, sem nenhuma correlação com o tamanho das fêmeas. A razão sexual mostrou uma predominância de fêmeas sem nenhuma variação sazonal significativa.

Prodromal Questionnaire: translation, adaptation to Portuguese and preliminary results in ultra-high risk individuals and first episode psychosis

OBJECTIVE: The Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) is a 92-item self-report screening tool for individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) to develop psychosis. This study aims to present the translation to Portuguese and preliminary results in UHR and first episode (FE) psychosis in a Portuguese sample. METHODS: The PQ was translated from English to Portuguese by two bilingual researchers from the research program on early psychosis of the Instituto de Psiquiatria HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil (ASAS - "Evaluation and Follow up of Adolescents and Young Adults in São Paulo") and back translated by two other researchers. The study participants (n = 11-) were evaluated through the Portuguese version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) and SIPS. RESULTS: The individuals at UHR (n = 7) presented a lower score than first episode patients (n = 4). The UHR mean scores and standard deviation on Portuguese version of the PQ were: 13.0 ± 10.0 points on positive symptoms subscale, and FE patients: 33.0 ± 10.0. CONCLUSION: The UHR and FE patients' of this study presented PQ scores similar to the ones found in the literature; what suggests that it is possible to use the PQ in Brazilian help-seeking individuals as a screening tool.

Morphometric variability in populations of Palaemonetes spp. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon Basin

Morphometric variability among shrimp populations of the genus Palaemonetes Heller, 1869 from seven lakes (Huanayo and Urcococha, in Peru; Amanã, Mamirauá, Camaleão, Cristalino e Iruçanga, in Brasil) in the Amazon Basin, presumably belonging to Palaemonetes carteri Gordon, 1935 and Palaemonetes ivonicus Holthuis, 1950, were studied. The morphometric studies were carried out from the ratios obtained from the morphometric characters. Multivariated analysis (Principal Components Analysis-PCA, Discriminant Function Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were applied over the ratios. Intra- and interpopulation variations of the rostrum teeth, and the number of spines in the male appendix, were analyzed through descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis (Spearman Rank Correlation test). Results indicated a wide plasticity and overlapping in the studied ratios between populations. The Principal Components Analysis was not able to separate different populations, revealing a large intrapopulation plasticity and strong interpopulation similarity in the studied ratios. Although the Discriminant Functions Analysis was not able to fully discriminate populations, they could be allocated in three subgroups: 1) Cristalino and Iruçanga; 2) Huanayo, Urcococha and Camaleão and 3) Mamirauá and Amanã. The first two groups were morphometrically separated from each other, whereas the third one presented a strong overlap with the former two. The Cluster Analysis confirmed the first two subgroups separation, and indicated that the first and third groups were closely related. Rostrum teeth and number of spines in the appendix masculina showed a large intrapopulation variation and a strong overlapping among the studied populations, regardless of the species.

Contribuição para o conhecimento das doenças do grupo "Tifo Exantemático" do Brasil: (Tifo Exantemático Neotrópico)

O A. recapitula os dados já conhecidos sôbre a filtrabilidade de muitas Rickettsias e sôbre o que êle chama o ciclo evolutivo das mesmas, citando os trabalhos de S. B. Dulky e E. Gordon sôbre a Coxiella papilliae e a observação de A. Donatien e F. Lestoquard bem como os de P. Giraud. Refere-se à filtrabilidade do agente da febre "Q". Reporta-se depois aos trabalhos de Mme. Ruth Rein Gutfreund sôbre os achados de Rickettsia prowazedi em animais domésticos na Etiópia e a transmissão dos mesmos pelos carrapatos, dizendo que isto confirma suas próprias idéias, de há muito emitidas, de que não há no grupo tifo exantemático, de regra, especificidade estrita para os transmissores, não podendo êste carácter servir de base para classificações racionais. Descreve um caso clínico, mostrando a dificuldade de diagnóstico cofundido com a febre tifóide, mesmo com longa prática do exame na doença e que só a inoculação em animais sensíveis - aqui os cobaios - pode decidir a questão. Estuda depois dois surtos epidêmicos de tifo exantemático neotrópico - em 1950 em Carmópolis (Minas Gerais); outro em 1956, Mucuri (Bahia). Em ambos, a percentagem de mortes dos casos graves, não tratados, foi elevada e a terapêutica pelos antibióticos, principalmente a Cloromicetina e Terramicina foi brilhante. Nestes dois surtos epidêmicos com já se vira em 1941 (4 casos na mesma residência) e 1948 (6 casos na mesma moradia), apuraram-se 2 e 3 casos da doença na mesma casa. As reações de Fixação de Complemento (R.F.C.), Weil-Feliz (W.F.) e Widal - confirmam o diagnóstico de tifo exantemático neotrópico.

Blood parasites of some birds from São Paulo State, Brazil

A total of 3.449 birds, representing 195 species of 33 families from three areas in São Paulo State, Brazil, were examined for hematozoa during the period 1967-1972. Only 268 birds (7.8%) of 21 families harbored a blood parasite, which represented by species of Haemoproteus (3.5%), microfilaria (2.6%), Plasmodium (1.8%), Trypanosoma (0.8%) and Leucocytozoon (0.06%). The prevalence was similar in each of the six years of the study but a marked decrease in prevalence was noted in February and June of each year. The prevalence of parasitism was significantly different in each of the three areas sampled.

Parasitismo natural de bufalinos em Botucatu, SP, Brasil: III. Dinâmica do parasitismo gastro-intestinal em vacas e suas crias

Gastro-intestinal parasitism of 24 buffalo cows before parturition, and post-parturition, their infection and that of their respective calves during the following 30 weeks were studied. Willis, Hoffmann and whenever possible, the modified Gordon & Whitlock techniques were used for fecal examinations. Toxocara vitulorum eggs were the earliest forms encountered in calves feces, as follows: during the 1st week after birth, 58.33% of the calves were positive, and in the 4th week, 100% of these animals were positive. Eggs of Strongyloides sp were in the 1st week after birth in two of the calves and in the 5th week, all for them were positive. The next parasites to appear were the Coccidia of which oocysts were detected in the feces of two calves in the 2nd week after birth, and 58.33% of the calves were positive for these in the 3rd week, and in the 6th week, all calves shed oocysts in their feces. On the other hand, eggs of Strongylids were the last forms to appear in calves feces. However, despite their sporadic appearance in the feces, eggs of these parasites were observed continuously from the 11th week onwards, and at this point, the percentage of positive samples began to increase to reach its peak. Relatively to adult animals, eggs of T. vitulorum were observed in the feces of 11 cows, one or twice at most; eggs of Strongyloides sp were seen only once in the feces of four buffalo cows and eggs of Strongylids in 21 out of 24 cows. Oocysts of Coccidia were observed in 16 cows. Mechanisms of infestation of calves with these parasites are discussed.

Re-description of Trypanosoma corvi Stephens and Christophers,1908 Emend. Baker, 1976 and remarks on the Trypanosomes of the Avian Family Corvidae

The trypomastigote, epimastigote and amastigote stages of Trypanosoma corvi Stephens and Christophers, 1908 emend. Baker, 1976 from the peripheral blood, heart and bone marrow are described herein. Other trypanosomes described from the Corvidae are compared to T. corvi and their status is discussed.

Trypanosomes of some Fennoscandian birds

Linear measurements and derived indices of trypanosomes from species of Fennoscandian birds were compared to those reported form Trypanosoma avium, T. everetti, T. ontarioensis and T. paddae. The trypanosomes encountered in the Fennoscandian birds were identified as T. avium from Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus and the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, T. everetti from the great tit Parus major and collared flycatcher F. albicollis and T. ontarioensis from the collared flycatcher; T. paddae was not seen.

Acoustic communication in insect disease vectors

Acoustic signalling has been extensively studied in insect species, which has led to a better understanding of sexual communication, sexual selection and modes of speciation. The significance of acoustic signals for a blood-sucking insect was first reported in the XIX century by Christopher Johnston, studying the hearing organs of mosquitoes, but has received relatively little attention in other disease vectors until recently. Acoustic signals are often associated with mating behaviour and sexual selection and changes in signalling can lead to rapid evolutionary divergence and may ultimately contribute to the process of speciation. Songs can also have implications for the success of novel methods of disease control such as determining the mating competitiveness of modified insects used for mass-release control programs. Species-specific sound “signatures” may help identify incipient species within species complexes that may be of epidemiological significance, e.g. of higher vectorial capacity, thereby enabling the application of more focussed control measures to optimise the reduction of pathogen transmission. Although the study of acoustic communication in insect vectors has been relatively limited, this review of research demonstrates their value as models for understanding both the functional and evolutionary significance of acoustic communication in insects.

Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento para la evaluación inicial de enfermeira

Este estudio, desarrollado de abril a julio de 2008, objetiva desarrollar y validar un instrumento para orientar la evaluación de enfermería en parámetros asistenciales y docentes en Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Participaron doce enfermeras bolivianas y se utilizaron el análisis de documentos y técnicas de consenso para definir las categorías y criterios a ser incluidas en el instrumento. Estas categorías son: la evaluación física y los 11 Patrones Funcionales de Salud de Gordon. El instrumento se caracteriza por ser breve, de sencilla comprensión y por centrarse en el enfermero. No incluye elementos de evaluación física avanzada, pero sí criterios de estilos de vida y autonomía del paciente. El desarrollo de estos instrumentos contribuye a la calidad de los registros, favorece el juicio clínico y la aplicación del proceso a la enfermería, refuerza el papel del enfermero, favoreciendo la sistematización de su práctica.

South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera): part X: A systematic revision of Thalassa Mulsant (Hyperaspidinae)

The genus Thalassa Mulsant, 1850 is revised. Its five species are redescribed: T. pentaspilota (Chevrolat, 1853), T. flaviceps Mulsant, 1850, T. similaris Mulsant, 1850, T. montezumae Mulsant, 1850, and T. glauca (Mulsant, 1850). A new species is proposed, Thalassa korschefskyi sp.nov., from Colombia. The species are illustrated and a key to species is also provided. Lectotype of Thalassa reyi Mulsant, 1850 is here designated.