Use of a condom in sex relations by HIV carriers

The frequency with which condoms are used in sex relations by subjects with HIV was determined by interviewing 132 individuals, 82 men and 50 women, most of them from São Paulo state and some from other regions of the country, all of them seen at an outpatient clinic of the School of Medicine in Botucatu. The women were younger, were of lower educational level and had poorer professional qualification than men. Also, a greater proportion of women were widowed, separated or divorced. We observed that 43.9% of men and 72% of women had been contaminated by the sexual route, but only 41.2% of the men and 31.8% of the women reported the use of a condom after the diagnosis of infection, with most men and women preferring sexual abstinence. The results enable the conclusion that there is still a need to continue to provide information about the use of condoms and to guarantee their free-of-charge distribution due to the low levels of education and professional qualification of the individuals studied. The data also suggest that campaigns for the dissemination of preventive measures should consider the social and cultural differences of infected women.

Ética e relações internacionais: elementos de uma agenda político-cultural

As relações internacionais passaram a refletir, em ritmo crescente, a partir dos anos 1990, a exigência de moralização do espaço público. O tema da ética, já presente na agenda política interna, é incorporado no programa de ação dos organismos multilaterais e cobrado cada vez mais intensamente dos agentes políticos. Nos campos interno como externo a agenda ética contemporânea articula-se sobretudo em torno dos direitos humanos, como pauta de valores comportamentais válida de igual forma para indivíduos e coletividades, inclusive as politicamente institucionalizadas. Disso dão exemplo a política interna e externa brasileira, a tendência organizacional dos blocos regionais, como a União Européia, e a "cláusula social" tornada indispensável às relações econômicas, comerciais e financeiras.

China e Índia: emergência e impacto cultural

China e Índia fazem parte do noticiário cotidiano. Dois momentos históricos recentes marcaram aqueles países. O primeiro foi a abertura chinesa para o exterior, na década de 1980. O segundo é a emergência indiana atual. A maioria das análises disponíveis, no entanto, se esgota na expansão das duas economias. O artigo, contudo, busca situar o impacto que a multiculturalidade daquelas civilizações poderá causar em novo ordenamento internacional, distinto do atual, onde prevalece a força militar e o poder econômico. São apresentadas, em linhas gerais, as origens e a espiritualidade dos povos em questão.

A diplomacia cultural no Mercosul

No Mercosul, as questões culturais estão ausentes. Os ricos patrimônios culturais dos Estados-membros permanecem pouco conhecidos, não são utilizados como instrumentos para a construção de vínculos de confiança e de cooperação entre seus povos. Os resultados da atuação da Reunião dos Ministros da Cultura do Mercosul revelam a ausência uma diplomacia cultural dos países e do Bloco, cujas prioridades são as de natureza comercial.

Brazil: an emerging military power? The problem of the use of force in Brazilian international relations in the 21st century

The central goal of this paper is thinking about the Brazilian military power and its linking to the international ambitions of the country in the 21st century. After a comparative analysis to other BRICs and with a historical one about Brazil's strategic irrelevance, we aim to establish what the minimum military capacity Brazil would need in order to meet the country's latest international interests. Similarly, it will be discussed if the National Strategy of Defense, approved in 2008, and the recent strategic agreements signed with France represent one more step toward this minimum military capacity.

A new Strategic Dialogue: Brazil-US relations in Lula's presidency (2003-2010)

The aim of this article is to examine Brazil and the United States bilateral relations from 2003/2010 and their strategic patterns during the Presidency of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva. The goal is to understand the development of this dialogue in the 21st century and its previous background in the Post Cold War world, identifying its evolution and change due to Brazil's growing regional and global role and US relative position

China's rising Soft Power: the role of rhetoric in constructing China-Africa relations

As China turns increasingly to the cultivation of soft power in the course of developing its foreign policy, the use of political rhetoric and its explicit and implicit audiences become more and more important, both on a bilateral level and within the international arena at large. Using the case of China's relations with African countries, this article examines key themes within China's diplomatic narrative regarding its role on the African continent and contrasts with Western and African responses.

South-South relations and the English School of International Relations: Chinese and Brazilian ideas and involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa

The rise of large developing countries has led to considerable discussions of re-balancing global relations and giving greater priority to understanding South-South relations. This paper, in exploring the central ideas of Chinese and Brazilian foreign policy and the behavior of these two rising Southern countries toward Sub-Saharan Africa, argues that the English School of International Relations is well suited to understanding the intentions and actions that characterize South-South relations.

Macau in China's relations with the lusophone world

After the transfer of the Portuguese administration to China, Macau kept its role as a bridge between East and West, inspired in the Portuguese settlement 500 years ago. The pragmatism of the Chinese central government, using the Lusophone specificities of this Special Administrative Region, supported the creation of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and the Portuguese-speaking Countries, reviving the statute of the Portuguese language and culture in its own territory.

Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system

Is it possible to talk about the rise of a new global (dis)order founded on the challenges posed by environmental issues? Through the review of the state of the art on the subject, this article analyzes the growing importance of the environment, and natural resources in particular, in international relations; and aims to raise awareness among International Relations scholars to the potential positive impact of the development of the discipline in integration with global environmental change studies.

Forty Years of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 (XXX) on Zionism and Racism: the Brazilian Vote as an instance of United States - Brazil Relations

Abstract In 1975, Brazil voted in favor of the United Nations General Assembly resolution 3379 (XXX), equating Zionism with a form of racism. Focusing on the decision-making process of president Ernesto Geisel's (1974-1979) foreign policy, "responsible pragmatism", this article discusses how the ultimate decision to vote in favor of resolution was taken taking into account mainly US-Brazil relationship.