81 resultados para Cheratina, Formaldeide, capello, stiratura semipermanente, Raman, SEM, Lisina

em Scielo Saúde Pública - SP


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Em vista da constante evolução do melhoramento genético de frangos de corte, torna-se necessária a determinação das exigências nutricionais dessas aves, para assegurar seu desempenho. Assim sendo, dois experimentos foram realizados, com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes relações de metionina + cistina / lisina digestível sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte, nas fases de 11 a 21 e 22 a 35 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental nas duas fases avaliadas foi o de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2x5+2, (2 sexos e 5 diferentes relações met+cis/lis digestível e um tratamento controle para cada sexo), com oito repetições de 23 e 20 aves (COBB 500) por unidade experimental, nas fases descritas. As dietas atenderam às exigências, exceto para metionina + cistina e lisina. Para evitar o excesso de lisina digestível, seu nível foi calculado para 97% do recomendado para todas as fases. O tratamento controle foi adequado em lisina e metionina + cistina. As relações metionina + cistina/lisina digestível, para máximo desempenho de frangos de corte, machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, são de 75,53 e 78,23%, na fase de 11 a 21 dias, e 78,83 e 79,82%, na fase de 22 a 35 dias.

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Ao pesquisar-se a presença de Salmonella a partir de materiais diversos, foram empregados vários meios de cultura e entre eles o meio Agar Xilose Lisina Verde Brilhante, com a finalidade de avaliá-lo em relação a outros meios seletivo-indicadores mais comumente empregados no isolamento desses microrganismos. Os resultados mostraram que o meio Agar Xilose Lisina Verde Brilhante foi inferior aos Agar SS e Agar Verde Brilhante, ligeiramente superior ao Agar EMB e superior ao Agar Sulfito de Bismuto no isolamento de Salmonella. Grande vantagem adicional desse meio é que as colônias de Salmonella apresentam-se facilmente identificáveis.

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Foi avaliado o efeito da redução dos níveis de proteína e a suplementação de metionina e/ou lisina em rações sobre a excreção de amônia em juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial de duas entradas: 2 níveis protéicos (25 e 20%) e 4 níveis de inclusão de aminoácidos: a) 0% de suplementação, b) DL-Metionina (3% da PB), c) L-lisina (5% da PB) e d) Dl-Metionina (3% da PB) + L-lisina (5% da PB), com duração de 55 dias. A coleta de água das unidades experimentais ocorreu em três momentos (1º dia, 27º dia e 55º dia) durante o período experimental. Nestes dias, foram realizadas 3 coletas de amostras de água para análise de amônia de cada unidade experimental (08:00 , 14:00 e 20:00 horas). Os dados de excreção de amônia foram analisados por ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo a 5% do nível de significância. A redução em 5% do nível de proteína na dieta gerou uma diminuição de 28,4% na excreção de amônia. Contudo, a suplementação de lisina e metionina não influenciaram esta diminuição.

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Estuda-se o hábito de cristalização do cloreto de cobre a partir da evaporação de soluções aquosas contendo lisina. São pesquisadas, com 3 repetições cada uma, 30 concentrações diferentes de lisina e cloreto de cobre, sendo 6 de lisina (0,0005, 0,0001, 0,005, 0,01, 0,05 e 0,1 g por placa) combinadas a 5 do sal (0,125, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 e 1,0 g por placa). Conclui-se que o modelo de cristalização é característico e pode ser reconhecido em extratos em que o efeito cristalogenético do aminoácido seja dominante. As melhores concentrações são as que combinam 0,25 a 0,50 g por placa de cloreto de cobre com 0,005 a 0,1 g por placa de lisina.

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An adaptation of the Raman experiment is presented as a very convenient, simple and easily made demonstration about inelastic light scattering. The procedure involves an overhead projector, a rectangular and transparent cell, complementary filters and solvent. Alternatively a spectrofluorimeter can he used to evaluate how weak Raman scattering is.

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In the present work "ex situ"Raman microscopy was employed in the identification of some of the pigments present in the painting "Portrait of Murilo Mendes" by Cândido Portinari. In the investigated samples it was possible to identify unambiguously two pigments: Prussian blue and lapis-lazuli (or its synthetic analogue, ultramarine blue) - the former is observed together with organic substances, possibly used as dispersants, what suggests a further use of a mass for recover the painting.

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IR bands related to M-C stretchings are not diagnostically significant for the identification of carbonyl groups in the spectra of carbonyl complexes. Otherwise, the frequency, intensity and number of bands for the CO stretchings provide very useful informations about the number of CO ligands and many others structural proprieties, like the presence of bridged CO groups. We report about a relatively simple and useful method for the determination of the CO stretchings of carbonyl complexes, which considers only the bond stretching internal coordinates of the CO groups.

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In this paper a methodology for the computation of Raman scattering cross-sections and depolarization ratios within the Placzek Polarizability Theory is described. The polarizability gradients are derived from the values of the dynamic polarizabilities computed at the excitation frequencies using ab initio Linear Response Theory. A sample application of the computational program, at the HF, MP2 and CCSD levels of theory, is presented for H2O and NH3. The results show that high correlated levels of theory are needed to achieve good agreement with experimental data.

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Eighteen circular blocks of resins cured either by a LED or a halogen lamp (20, 40 and 60 s), had their top (T) and bottom (B) surfaces studied using a FT-Raman spectrometer. Systematic changes in the intensity of the methacrylate C=C stretching mode at 1638 cm-1 as a function of exposure duration were observed. The calculated degree of conversion (DC) ranged from 45.0% (B) to 52.0% (T) and from 49.0% (B) to 55.0% (T) for the LED and halogen lamp, respectively. LED and halogen light produced similar DC values with 40 and 60 s of irradiation.

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Raman dispersion refers to the dependence of the position of Raman bands on the energy of the exciting radiation. In this work, the three main models currently used to explain this phenomenon (Conjugated Length Model, Amplitude Mode Model and Effective Conjugation Coordinate Model) are discussed. Raman dispersion is a consequence of pi electron delocalization, but each model describes in a different way how pi electron delocalization affects the position of Raman bands. Here the features, qualities and problems of the three models are highlighted.

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The structural and surface properties of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) were discussed as a function of its heat treatment temperature (HTT), for samples produced in the range from 700 to 2000 ºC, using the furfuryl precursor resin. The samples were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, first and second order Raman scattering as well as electrochemical response. Exploring the material turbostraticity concept, the interdependence between the RVC chemical surface variation and its defects were demonstrated. The influence of heteroatom presence was discussed in the material ordering for HTT lower than 1300 ºC while the graphitization process evolution was also pointed out for HTT higher than 1500 ºC.

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This paper reports the use of Raman and infrared techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of plasticizers in polyvinylchloride (PVC) commercial films. FT-Raman marker bands were indentified for di-2-ethyl-hexyl adipate (DEHA) and di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP), allowing for the rapid identification of these species in the commercial film. Quantitative analysis by FT-IR resulted in plasticizers concentrations ranging from 11 to 27% (w/w). Considering the little sample preparation and the low cost of the techniques, FT-IR and FT-Raman are viable techniques for a first assessment of plasticizers in commercial samples.

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Glass-ceramics are prepared by controlled separation of crystal phases in glasses, leading to uniform and dense grain structures. On the other hand, chemical leaching of soluble crystal phases yields porous glass-ceramics with important applications. Here, glass/ceramic interfaces of niobo-, vanado- and titano-phosphate glasses were studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy, whose spatial resolution revealed the multiphase structures. Phase-separation mechanisms were also determined by this technique, revealing that interface composition remained unchanged as the crystallization front advanced for niobo- and vanadophosphate glasses (interface-controlled crystallization). For titanophosphate glasses, phase composition changed continuously with time up to the equilibrium composition, indicating a spinodal-type phase separation.

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In the present work, Raman Microscopy was employed in the characterization of the pigments used in a drawing assigned to Tarsila do Amaral, one of the most important Brazilian artists. The work (colored pencil on paper), supposedly produced in the 1920 decade, is of a very simple composition, where blue, green and brown were the colors used. Prussian Blue was found as the blue pigment, whereas green was a mixture of copper phthalocyanine and a yellow dye, probably a diarylide; the brown pigment was a carbonaceous compound. Prussian Blue was replaced by phthalocyanine as pigment since the end of the 1930's and the possibility that it could have been used as pigment in the 1920's can be ruled out.

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Rock art paintings from Abrigo do Janelão (Minas Gerais, Brazil) were non-destructively investigated by Raman Microscopy, aiming at the identification of materials used, their interaction and degradation. This technique is particularly tailored for heterogeneous samples and allows unequivocal identification of the substances present in the investigated sample. Pigments, were identified together with products of microbiological degradation; no binders were detected. White pigment was identified as calcite (CaCO3), whereas charcoal was used as black, goethite (α-FeOOH) as yellow and hematite (α-Fe2O3) as red. Whewellite (CaC2O4.H2O) and weddelite (CaC2O4.2H2O) were detected and their origin was assigned to degradation products from microbiological activity.