Método de Faust et al.: rendimento de colheita por alça metálica

A eficiência do uso de uma alça metálica para a remoção de elementos parasitários flutuantes foi investigada. A quantidade de elementos removidos a cada alçada sucessiva foi confrontada com um modelo logarítmico, o qual indicou que cada alçada retirou cerca de 30% dos elementos parasitários flutuantes remanescentes. Estimou-se que as 5 primeiras alçadas retiraram um total de 83% dos elementos parasitários flutuantes, sendo este um procedimento adequado para o método sob investigação.

Comparison between immunomagnetic separation, coupled with immunofluorescence, and the techniques of Faust et al. and of Lutz for the diagnosis of Giardia lamblia cysts in human feces

In the present study, the performance of Immunomagnetic Separation technique, coupled with Immunofluorescence (IMS-IFA), was compared with the FAUST et al. and Lutz parasitological techniques for the detection of Giardia lamblia cysts in human feces. One hundred and twenty-seven samples were evaluated by the three techniques at the same time showing a rate of cyst detection of 27.5% by IMS-IFA and 15.7% by both Faust et al. and Lutz techniques. Data analysis showed a higher sensitivity of IMS-IFA for the detection of G. lamblia cysts in comparison with the techniques of FAUST et al. and Lutz. The use of this methodology as a routine procedure enables the processing of many samples simultaneously, in order to increase recovery rate of G. lamblia cysts and reduce the time of sample storage.

Lutzomyia reducta Feliciangeli et al., 1988, a host of Leishmania amazonensis, sympatric with two other members of the Flaviscutellata complex in southern Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae)

A member of the Lutzomyia flaviscutellata complex from Rondônia and southern Amazonas States, Brazil, is so close to the Venezuelan Lutzomyia olmeca recuta Feliciangeli et al., 1988, that it is regarded as belonging to the same species. Since this phlebotomine co-extis with L. olmeca nociva in Brazil, the subspecific status of the former is untenable and is rased to specific rank, as Lutzomyia reducta. The Brazilian material is described and illustrated, and compared with specimens of L. o. nociva and L. flaviscutellata from the same area. Keys to the known taxa of the flaviscutellata complex are presented. Leishmania amazonensis was isolated from one heavily infected specimen of L. reducta, making this the third species of the flaviscutellata complex to be implicated as a vector of this parasite in Brazil. The relative abundance of the three sympatric flaviscutellata complex species varies locally and appears to be related to soil drainage. L. reducta constituted about 25% if all phlebotomines captured in Disney traps at poorly drained and well drained site, but appears not to coloniza areas subject to periodic flooding. L. olmeca nociva was restricted to poorly drained areas not subject to flooding, whereas L. flaviscutellata was ubiquitous L. reducta has never been detected north of the Amazon river in Brazil, but absence of recosrds from western and northwestern Amazonas State may reflect lack of collecting in these areas.

Comparative anatomy of the thigh nerves of Cebus libidinosus (Rylands et al., 2000)

Non-human primates have constituted an important group among animals subjected to various studies. Ethological, evolutionary and paleontological studies have revealed changes in anatomical structures linked to the evolution of primates, considered in studies on the comparative anatomy between Cebus libidinosus and other neotropical monkeys or those from the Old World, and the detailed knowledge on their anatomy may represent an important factor for their preservation and protection when the animals are brought to veterinary clinics after accidents or illnesses. In terms of veterinary importance, sometimes these animals arrive in the veterinary medical clinics after accidents, needing surgery or clinical treatment, but the little data available on anatomy has impaired the correct proceedings. The main justification for studies on C. libidinosus, is due to little information about the anatomy related to C. libidinosus in Brazilian and worldwide scientific literature. In this study, the distribution, enervation and path of the femoral and sciatic nerves of the pelvic limb (thigh) of C. libidinosus were studied and these results were compared with literature on the anatomy of humans, chimpanzees and baboons. In general, the enervation model of the four primates is identical, but in specific terms, the differences in enervations indicate evolution convergence closer to the branch of baboons in the evolutionary tree, and these data corroborate other comparative studies in relation to the same primates to vessels, muscles and nerves. In conclusion, the nerve organization in the thigh of C. libidinosus is identical to baboon, chimpanzee and homo, but more similar to baboon. The specific differences found indicate an ancient phylogenic origin to C. libidinosus and baboons (data corroborated by other studies).

O mito da homogeneidade biológica na população paleoíndia de Lagoa Santa: implicações antropológicas

Desde sua primeira descoberta entre 1842 e 1843, pelo naturalista dinamarquês Peter W. Lund, os remanescentes ósseos humanos de Lagoa Santa, Brasil Central, estavam destinados a impactar de forma indelével os estudos sobre as origens dos primeiros americanos. Entre sua primeira descoberta e a década de 1970, a palavra homogeneidade biológica foi sempre aplicada a esses remanescentes como sinônimo de identidade biológica populacional. Mello e Alvim (1977; ver também Mello e Alvim et al., 1983-1984) associou a esse termo um novo significado: o de que tal população apresentava uma diversidade biológica extremamente reduzida, quando comparada a outras populações humanas, tendo sugerido, a partir daí, que a população antiga de Lagoa Santa teria sido formada originalmente por poucos indivíduos e vivido de forma isolada de outras populações contemporâneas. Essa sugestão teve grande impacto na comunidade arqueológica brasileira, levando alguns arqueólogos a tentar compreender certos aspectos da cultura material e da organização social desses primeiros americanos da perspectiva do isolamento. Neste trabalho demonstramos, com a ajuda de cálculos simples sobre quantificação em antropologia, disponíveis na literatura há pelo menos um século, que a proposta de Mello e Alvim (1977) não resiste nem mesmo a uma análise superficial dos dados disponíveis sobre a variabilidade craniométrica desses primeiros americanos. Contrariamente à proposta daquela autora, a população paleoíndia tardia de Lagoa Santa está entre as populações humanas mundiais mais diversas biologicamente.

Determinação de ácido benzóico e ácido sórbico em iogurtes comerciais

Quinze amostras de iogurtes comerciais foram analisadas quanto ao teor de ácido benzóico e sórbico, por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta performance de acordo com Ito et al. (1983). O teor de ácido sórbico em todas as amostras encontrava-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos por lei. O rótulo de três amostras não continham a especificação (P.IV). O ácido benzóico foi encontrado em todas as amostras. Devido a fermentação lática, nenhuma amostra declarava a adição do ácido benzóico no rótulo.

The distribution of two morphological forms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The males of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis occur in two forms, one which bears a single pair of pale spots on tergite 4 and another in which an additional pair of spots characterizes tergite 3. Almost complete reproductive isolation between sumpatric populations of the two forms and between allopatric populations of the one-spot form has been reported (Ward et al., 1983). Micromorphological differences in cuticular structures on the spots have also been observed and may be sites of pheromone release (Lane & Ward, 1984). Detais of the known distribution of the two are based on the examination of new specimens captured in Brazil during 1982, as well as museum collections and specimens from other laboratories. Males with a single pair of pale spots have been found from Mexico to southern Brazil, whilst the two-spot form is found only from the state of Maranhão in North Brazil to Minas Gerais and the border with Paraguay. In the eastern area of Brazil the two forms occur sympatrically in some locations and separately in others.