COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE AS REGIÕES VITÍCOLAS DE SÃO JOAQUIM – SC, BRASIL E SAN MICHELE ALL’ADIGE – TN, ITÁLIA

A fenologia da videira, a produtividade das plantas e a qualidade da uva apresentam forte relação com os fatores ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as regiões vitícolas de altitude elevada de Santa Catarina com a região de San Michele All’Adige localizada na Itália. Para os estudos, utilizou-se dos dados da Estação Experimental de São Joaquim - EPAGRI (28°16’30,08”S, 49°56’09,34”O, altitude 1.400 m), localizada em São Joaquim e do Istituto Agrario di San Michele All’Adige – Fondazione Edmund Mach46°11’41,46”N, 11°08’04,41”L, altitude 223 m), localizado na Província de Trento. A variedade avaliada foi a Rebo, para a qual foram determinados osprincipais estádios fenológicos e calculada a exigência térmica através dos graus-dia, temperaturas média, máxima, mínima, amplitude, precipitação, umidade relativa do ar, insolação e radiação solar global. No momento da colheita, foi avaliado o desempenho agronômico da variedade Rebo. Em São Joaquim, o ciclo da variedade Rebo é mais longo, o acúmulo térmico é menor, a precipitação pluviométrica e a radiação solar global acumulada são maiores do que em San Michele All’Adige. As temperaturas mais baixas e a menor insolação durante a floração-mudança de cor das bagas são os principais fatores climáticos relacionados com as menores produtividades das plantas. Em São Joaquim, as baixas temperaturas e as elevadas taxas de radiação solar global na maturação contribuem de maneira positiva na formação dos compostos fenólicos, mas dificultam a degradação dos ácidos da variedade Rebo.

Temporal Geobiotic Mapping: a conceptual mapping technique toward visualising geobiotic areas in cross-section

Geobiota are defined by taxic assemblages (i.e., biota) and their defining abiotic breaks, which are mapped in cross-section to reveal past and future biotic boundaries. We term this conceptual approach Temporal Geobiotic Mapping (TGM) and offer it as a conceptual approach for biogeography. TGM is based on geological cross-sectioning, which creates maps based on the distribution of biota and known abiotic factors that drive their distribution, such as climate, topography, soil chemistry and underlying geology. However, the availability of abiotic data is limited for many areas. Unlike other approaches, TGM can be used when there is minimal data available. In order to demonstrate TGM, we use the well-known area in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales (NSW), south-eastern Australia and show how surface processes such as weathering and erosion affect the future distribution of a Moist Basalt Forest taxic assemblage. Biotic areas are best represented visually as maps, which can show transgressions and regressions of biota and abiota over time. Using such maps, a biogeographer can directly compare animal and plant distributions with features in the abiotic environment and may identify significant geographical barriers or pathways that explain biotic distributions.

Genetic structure of populations of Pissodes castaneus (De Geer) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using amplified fragment length polymorphism

Genetic structure of populations of Pissodes castaneus (De Geer) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using amplified fragment length polymorphism. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic structure of populations of Pissodes castaneus from different areas and on different species of Pinus using the PCR-AFLP technique. Twenty samples were analyzed, representing 19 populations from Brazil and one from Florence, Italy, which is the region of origin of P. castaneus. The four combinations of primers generated a total of 367 fragments of DNA, and 100% of polymorphic loci, indicating high degree of molecular polymorphism. The dendrogram did not reveal trends for grouping the populations in relation to origin. The low genetic similarity (0.11 between the most distant groups) and genetic distances of 0.13 and 0.44 for 10 out of the 20 samples may indicate several founding events or multiple introductions of heterogeneous strains into Brazil. The allelic fixation index (Fst) was 0.3851, considered high, and the number of migrants (Nm) was 0.3991, indicating low gene flow among populations. The highest genetic distances were between the population from Irani, SC and Cambará do Sul, RS and Bituruna, PR, indicating an independent founding event or a particular allelic fixation in the former location. The high genetic diversity among populations points out that the populations are genetically heterogeneous with a diverse gene pool in the surveyed areas, what makes them to respond differently to control measures.