Distribuição espacial de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) e Lutzomyia cruzi (Mangabeira, 1938) no estado de Mato Grosso

A leishmaniose visceral é considerada atualmente uma doença emergente e reemergente, em zonas rurais e urbanas, tanto em área domiciliar quanto peridomiciliar. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a distribuição espacial de Lutzomyia longipalpis e Lutzomyia cruzi no Estado de Mato Grosso. Os dados de 1996 a 2004 foram obtidos junto ao Laboratório de Entomologia, cujas capturas foram realizadas com armadilha de luz CDC. Foram pesquisados 68 dos 139 municípios do estado. Lutzomyia longipalpis e Lutzomyia cruzi ocorreram em 23 e 22 municípios, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram a grande ocorrência de Lutzomyia longipalpis nas áreas com bioma de floresta, de transição e de cerrado. Lutzomyia cruzi ocorreu principalmente em municípios com área de pantanal e cerrado. A verificação da distribuição da população de vetores no estado e os biomas preferenciais proporcionam indicar áreas vulneráveis e/ou receptivas para a transmissão da doença.

Meiose em Rhinocricus Padbergi Verhoeff, 1938

In the present paper the behaviour of the chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of the Myriapod Rhinocricus Padbergi Verhoeff, 1938 is studied. The primary spermatocytes are provided with 10 independent bivalents which separate normally giving rise to equivalent secondary spermatocytes. No indication of sex chromosomes has been found. Fusion of two bivalents or of four, two by two, has been observed, giving origin to secondary spermatocytes with 9 and 8 chromosomes respectively, in which fused chromosomes could be discovered. For analysing the facts the chomosomes of both, primary and secondary metaphases were separately counted from a total of 190 celis of four individuals and statistically treted. The X2-test gave insignificant results. Twenty chomosomes were counted in somatic tissues. The heterochròmatic parts of the leptotene threads were usually arranged in the periphery of the nucleus. In resting nuclei chromocenters can be observed in varyng number. Their chromosomal nature is revealed by the fact that when treated by KCÑ or KNOS they begin uncoiling.

Cephalopoda as prey of juvenile Southern elephant seals at Isla 25 de Mayo/King George, South Shetland Islands

The aim of the present study was to enhance the knowledge of the feeding habits of the juvenile component of the population of Southern elephant seals [Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758)] from Isla 25 de Mayo, South Shetland Islands, age class whose diet information is scarce. A total of 60 individuals were stomach lavaged in the spring - summer seasons of three consecutive years (2003, 2004 and 2005) of which 53.3 % (n = 32) presented food remnants. The Antarctic glacial squid Psychroteuthis glacialis Thiele, 1921 was the dominant prey taxon in terms of frequency of occurrence (68.7%), numerical abundance (60.1%) and biomass (51.5%), contributing 84.1% to the total relative importance index. Other squid prey species of importance were Slosarczykovia circumantartica Lipinski, 2001 in terms of occurrence (37.5%) and numerical abundance (14%) and Moroteuthis knipovitchi Filippova, 1972 in terms of biomass (16%). All identified cephalopod prey taxa are distributed south of the Antarctic Polar Front, except for the squid Martialia hyadesi Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 which has a circumpolar distribution associated to the Polar Frontal Zone. No significant differences in the sizes of P. glacialis preyed upon by elephant seals were found between sexes and years. However, significant interannual differences were found in the taxonomical composition of their diet. This would be associated with temporal changes in food availability at the foraging areas of seals, which in turn may have been influenced by changes in oceanographic conditions as a result of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon that occurred during part of the study period. Furthermore, a differential response of males and females to this temporal variation was observed, with the former being also associated to a predation on octopods. This would suggest a sexual segregation in foraging habits of this species from the early stages of its life cycle.

Contribuição ao estudo do gênero Phaenicia (R. D., 1863): (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

The author redescribes four species of Phaenicia refered to Brazil: P. sericata (Meigen), P. pallescens (Shannon), P. mexicana (Macquart) and P. eximia (Wiedemann). A new species, P. japuhybensis from the State of Rio de Janeiro, was also studied.

Trematódeos monogenéticos (Polistomatas) da costa brasileira I. sobre Loimos scitulus sp. n. (Loimoidae) e Tagia ecuadori (Meserve, 1938) Sproston, 1946 (Diclidophoridae)

Em continuação aos estudos dos trematódeos monogenéticos da Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, descrevemos no presente trabalho uma espécie do gênero Loimos MacCallum, 1917, Loimolinae Price, 1936, loimoidae Bychowsky, 1957 que consideramos nova para a ciência, e assinalamos nova ocorrência de Tagia ecuadori (Meserve, 1938) Sproston, 1946, Tagiinae Yamaguti, 1963, Diclidophoridae Najibina & Obonikova, 1971, no Atlântico Sul. Loimos scitulus sp. n. diferencia-se das outras espécies do gênero pelos seguintes caracteres: forma e estrututra do proaptor, oótipo grande, número de testículos, posição do poro genital, filamento do ovo e forma de opistaptor. Dentre as diferenças dadas Loimos scitulus sp. n. aproxima-se de L. salpinggoides pela estrutura do proaptor, de L. secundus pela posição do poro genital; de L. winteri pelo opistaptor. Quanto aos exemplares de Tagia ecuadori por nós estudados, apesar de ter sido evidenciada uma vagina, identificamos a esta espécie, por apresentar estruturas e medidas que se enquadram nas variações dadas pelos estudiosos do grupo.

Contribuição para o conhecimento dos parasitos de peixes do litoral do Estado da Guanabara - parte II

No presente trabalho os autores criam uma nova espécie para o gênero Lecithochirium Luehe, 1901, ficando no 3º grupo de distribuição de Freitas & Gomes (1971), mais se aproximando de L. manteri Freitas & Gomes, 1971, distinguindo-se principalmente por possuir saco genital aberto, vesícula ejaculadora externa ausente, vesícula seminal trilobada e ovos maiores. Apresentam Promatomus saltatrix (L.) como novohospedador para Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910) Yamaguti, 1938 ressaltando as variações encontradas nas medidas. Para Acanthocollaritrema umbilicatum Trav., Freitas e Bührnheim, 1965, acusam a presença do gonotil, e por esta razão acham que provavelmente Acanthocollaritrematinae Trav., Freitas e bührnheim, 1965, deva pertencer à família Cryptogonimidae Ciurea, 1933. Referem ainda a presença de Bucephalopsis callicotyle Kohn, 1962, Microcotyle pomatomi Goto, 1899 (polistomata) e larvas de Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863 (Cestoda0, em Pomatomus saltatrix (L.).

Contribuição ao conhecimento de Thubunaea dactyluris karve, 1938 (Nematoda, Spiruroidea)

Na presente nota, redescrevemos Thubunaea dactyluris karve, 1938, em novo hospedador e assinalamos a ocorrência deste gênero pela primeira vez no Brasil. O material é resultante de uma necrópsia feita em Ameiva ameiva (L.), proveniente da Praia do Anil, Município de Magé, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram estudados 8 machos e 10 fêmeas. São apresentados 9 figuras e 1 quadro com as medidas correspondentes, mostrando as variações encontradas.

Nota sobre Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) Cruzi (mangabeira, 1938), com a descrição da fêmea (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

Depois de examinar o tipo de Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) cruzi (Mangabeira, 1938), depositado na coleção do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro), sob o número 941, e 74 espécimens machos da mesma espécie, a maioria da localidade tipo (Camapuan, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul), os Autores verificaram que o tufo basal do basistilo é composto de apenas quatro cerdas foliáceas, e não seis, como descrito por Mangabeira, devido á superposição dos dois basistilos no holótipo. Além disso é feita uma descrição da fêmea, até agora não conhecida, e a redescrição do macho, baseada no holótipo.

Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) maricaensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Capillariidae) and remarks on the helminthological fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyicapillaria) maricaensis n. sp. is described from the small intestine of the lizard, Liolaemus lutzae Meterns, 1938, collected in the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil. The author compares the new species with Capillaria crotaliRudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1915, Capillaria freitaslenti Araujo & Gandra, 1941, Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) amarali (Freitas & Lent, 1934) Moravec, 1952, Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) cezarpintoi (Freitas & Lent, 1934)Moravec, 1952 and Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) murinae (travassos, 1914) Moravec, 1952 previously reported from lizards in Brazil. The nematode Thelandros sceleratus Travassos, 1923 and the trematode paradistomum parvissimum (Travassos, 1918) Travassos, 1919 are for the first time reported from this same host.

Isolation and Identification of 9-methylgermacrene-B as the Putative Sex Pheromone of Lutzomyia cruzi (Mangabeira, 1938) (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) cruzi has been named as a probable vector of Leishmania chagasi in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Taxonomically L. cruzi is closely related to the L. longipalpis species complex. Females of L. cruzi and L. longipalpis are morphologically indistinguishable and associated males must be examined carefully to confirm identifications. Chemical analysis hexane extracts of male L. cruzi has revealed the presence of a 9-methylgermacrene-B (C16), a homosesquiterpene (mw 218) previously shown to be the sex pheromone of one of the members of the L. longipalpis species complex.

Meliponini neotropicais: o gênero Partamona Schwarz, 1939 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae) - bionomia e biogeografia

This work, dedicated to the study of nesting habits of the species of the Neotropical genus Partamona Schwarz, is a sequence to the taxonomic revision recently published elsewhere. A total of 214 nests and nest aggregations of 18 species [Partamona epiphytophila Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. testacea (Klug, 1807); P. mourei Camargo, 1980; P. vicina Camargo, 1980; P. auripennis Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. combinata Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. chapadicola Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. nhambiquara Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. ferreirai Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. pearsoni (Schwarz, 1938); P. gregaria Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. batesi Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. ailyae Camargo, 1980; P. cupira (Smith, 1863); P. mulata Moure in Camargo, 1980; P. seridoensis Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. criptica Pedro & Camargo, 2003; P. helleri (Friese, 1900)] were studied , including data about habitat, substrate, structural characteristics, construction materials and behavior. The descriptions of the nests are illustrated with 48 drawings. Partial data of the nests of P. bilineata (Say, 1837), P. xanthogastra Pedro & Camargo, 1997, P. orizabaensis (Strand, 1919), P. peckolti (Friese, 1901), P. aequatoriana Camargo, 1980, P. musarum (Cockerell, 1917) and P. rustica Pedro & Camargo, 2003 are also presented. Nests of P. grandipennis (Schwarz, 1951), P. yungarum Pedro & Camargo, 2003, P. subtilis Pedro & Camargo, 2003, P. vitae Pedro & Camargo, 2003, P. nigrior (Cockerell, 1925), P. sooretamae Pedro & Camargo, 2003 and P. littoralis Pedro & Camargo, 2003 are unknown. The species of Partamona build notable nest entrance structures, with special surfaces for incoming / exiting bees; some of them are extremely well-elaborated and ornamented, serving as flight orientation targets. All species endemic to western Ecuador to Mexico with known nesting habits (P. orizabaensis, P. peckolti, P. xanthogastra, P. bilineata, P. aequatoriana and P. musarum) build their nests in several substrates, non-associated with termitaria, such as cavities and crevices in walls, among roots of epiphytes and in bases of palm leaves, in abandoned bird nests, under bridges, and in other protected places, except P. peckolti that occasionally occupies termite nests. In South America, on the eastern side of the Andes, only P. epiphytophila and P. helleri nest among roots of epiphytes and other substrates, non-associated with termitaria. All other species studied (P. batesi, P. gregaria, P. pearsoni, P. ferreirai, P. chapadicola, P. nhambiquara, P. vicina, P. mourei, P. auripennis, P. combinata, P. cupira, P. mulata, P. ailyae, P. seridoensis, P. criptica and P. rustica) nest inside active termite nests, whether epigeous or arboreous. The only species that builds obligate subterranean nests, associated or not with termite or ant nests (Atta spp.) is P. testacea. Nests of Partamona have one vestibular chamber (autapomorphic for the genus) closely adjacent to the entrance, filled with a labyrinth of anastomosing pillars and connectives, made of earth and resins. One principal chamber exists for food and brood, but in some species one or more additional chambers are filled with food storage pots. In nests of P. vicina, there is one atrium or "false nest", between the vestibule and the brood chamber, which contains involucral sheaths, cells and empty pots. All structures of the nest are supported by permanent pillars made of earth and resins (another autapomorphy of the genus). The characters concerning nesting habits were coded and combined with morphological and biogeographic data, in order to hypothesize the evolutive scenario of the genus using cladistic methodology. The phylogenetic hypothesis presented is the following: (((((P. bilineata (P. grandipennis, P. xanthogastra)) (P. orizabaensis, P. peckolti)) (P. aequatoriana, P. musarum)) P. epiphytophila, P. yungarum, P. subtilis, P. vitae) (((((P. testacea (P. mourei, P. vicina)) (P. nigrior (P. auripennis, P. combinata))) (P. ferreirai (P. pearsoni (P. gregaria (P. batesi (P. chapadicola, P. nhambiquara)))))) ((((P. ailyae, P. sooretamae) P. cupira, P. mulata) P. seridoensis) P. criptica, P. rustica, P. littoralis)) P. helleri))). One area cladogram is presented. Dates of some vicariance / cladogenesis events are suggested. For bilineata / epiphytophila group, which inhabits the Southwestern Amazonia and the Chocó-Mexican biogeographical components, the origin of ancestral species is attributed to the Middle Miocene, when the transgressions of the Maracaibo and Paranense seas isolated the tropical northwestern South America from the eastern continental land mass. The next cladogenic event in the history of the bilineata / epiphytophila group is attributed to the Plio-Pleistocene, when the Ecuadorian Andes reached more than 3000 m, and the ancestral species was fragmented in two populations, one occupying the western Andes (ancestral species of the bilineata subgroup) and other the southwestern Amazon (ancestral species of the epiphytophila subgroup). Other aspects of the history of Partamona are also discussed.