CHEMOSTAT, UM SOFTWARE GRATUITO PARA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA DE DADOS MULTIVARIADOS

The objective of this work was to develop a free access exploratory data analysis software application for academic use that is easy to install and can be handled without user-level programming due to extensive use of chemometrics and its association with applications that require purchased licenses or routines. The developed software, called Chemostat, employs Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), intervals Principal Component Analysis (iPCA), as well as correction methods, data transformation and outlier detection. The data can be imported from the clipboard, text files, ASCII or FT-IR Perkin-Elmer “.sp” files. It generates a variety of charts and tables that allow the analysis of results that can be exported in several formats. The main features of the software were tested using midinfrared and near-infrared spectra in vegetable oils and digital images obtained from different types of commercial diesel. In order to validate the software results, the same sets of data were analyzed using Matlab© and the results in both applications matched in various combinations. In addition to the desktop version, the reuse of algorithms allowed an online version to be provided that offers a unique experience on the web. Both applications are available in English.

SOFTWARE TO ASSESS BEEF CATTLE BODY MASS THROUGH THE FUZZY BODY MASS INDEX

ABSTRACT The Body Mass Index (BMI) can be used by farmers to help determine the time of evaluation of the body mass gain of the animal. However, the calculation of this index does not reveal immediately whether the animal is ready for slaughter or if it needs special care fattening. The aim of this study was to develop a software using the Fuzzy Logic to compare the bovine body mass among themselves and identify the groups for slaughter and those that requires more intensive feeding, using "mass" and "height" variables, and the output Fuzzy BMI. For the development of the software, it was used a fuzzy system with applications in a herd of 147 Nellore cows, located in a city of Santa Rita do Pardo city – Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state, in Brazil, and a database generated by Matlab software.

Augmented reality systems for weed economic thresholds applications

The augmented reality (AR) technology has applications in many fields as diverse as aeronautics, tourism, medicine, and education. In this review are summarized the current status of AR and it is proposed a new application of it in weed science. The basic algorithmic elements for AR implementation are already available to develop applications in the area of weed economic thresholds. These include algorithms for image recognition to identify and quantify weeds by species and software for herbicide selection based on weed density. Likewise, all hardware necessary for AR implementation in weed science are available at an affordable price for the user. Thus, the authors propose weed science can take a leading role integrating AR systems into weed economic thresholds software, thus, providing better opportunities for science and computer-based weed control decisions.

Measuring higher order optical aberrations of the human eye: techniques and applications

In the present paper we discuss the development of "wave-front", an instrument for determining the lower and higher optical aberrations of the human eye. We also discuss the advantages that such instrumentation and techniques might bring to the ophthalmology professional of the 21st century. By shining a small light spot on the retina of subjects and observing the light that is reflected back from within the eye, we are able to quantitatively determine the amount of lower order aberrations (astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia) and higher order aberrations (coma, spherical aberration, etc.). We have measured artificial eyes with calibrated ametropia ranging from +5 to -5 D, with and without 2 D astigmatism with axis at 45º and 90º. We used a device known as the Hartmann-Shack (HS) sensor, originally developed for measuring the optical aberrations of optical instruments and general refracting surfaces in astronomical telescopes. The HS sensor sends information to a computer software for decomposition of wave-front aberrations into a set of Zernike polynomials. These polynomials have special mathematical properties and are more suitable in this case than the traditional Seidel polynomials. We have demonstrated that this technique is more precise than conventional autorefraction, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.1 µm for a 4-mm diameter pupil. In terms of dioptric power this represents an RMSE error of less than 0.04 D and 5º for the axis. This precision is sufficient for customized corneal ablations, among other applications.

Uso do software Estradas para determinação do espaçamento entre desaguadouros em estradas não pavimentadas do interior de Goiás

Estradas não pavimentadas correspondem a aproximadamente 90% da malha rodoviária brasileira. Estas, na maioria das vezes, são construídas sem a realização de estudos prévios, estando sujeitas a vários tipos de problemas. Um dos principais fatores de deterioração dessas vias é a ineficiência do sistema de drenagem. Neste trabalho simulou-se o espaçamento entre desaguadouros em estradas não pavimentadas, utilizando-se um software desenvolvido com base num modelo matemático de dimensionamento de sistemas de drenagem em estradas não pavimentadas. Utilizaram-se valores de erodibilidade, tensão crítica de cisalhamento e massa específica para diferentes solos de estradas, localizadas no Estado de Goiás. Simularam-se cenários considerando alterações na declividade (1, 5, 10 e 15%) e na seção transversal do canal com relações entre altura e largura de 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 e 1:10. O modelo respondeu sensivelmente às alterações na declividade, na seção transversal do canal e nas de resistência do solo. Os espaçamentos obtidos indicaram que, estradas com declividades inferiores a 5%, mesmo com elevados valores de erodibilidade permitiram espaçamentos viáveis em aspectos construtivos. No entanto, para as declividades de 10 e 15%, os espaçamentos, na maioria dos casos, apresentaram dimensões reduzidas, tornando-se impraticáveis, sendo necessário, nestes casos, proteção do canal ou alteração de suas características hidráulicas.

Applications of artificial intelligence to condition-based maintenance

In this paper we discuss interesting developments of expert systems for machine diagnosis and condition-based maintenance. We review some elements of condition-based maintenance and its applications, expert systems for machine diagnosis, and an example of machine diagnosis. In the last section we note some problems to be resolved so that expert systems for machine diagnosis may gain wider acceptance in the future.

Dinâmica da acumulação de capacidades inovadoras: evidências de empresas de software no Rio de janeiro e em São Paulo

São escassos estudos sobre a dinâmica da acumulação de capacidades inovadoras. Este artigo examina o tema em oito empresas de software em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, encontrando: diferenças inter e intraempresariais em termos da direção e taxa de acumulação de capacidade para funções tecnológicas específicas; acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica mais rápido em empresas mais jovens; e decréscimo das taxas de acumulação tecnológica à medida que as empresas se aproximam de níveis mais inovadores de capacidades, demonstrando a potencialidade para aceleração do processo. Tais evidências são relevantes para o entendimento da acumulação tecnológica e fornecem uma noção do tempo necessário para se obterem benefícios de esforços de aprendizagem e construção de capacidade inovadora.

Atratividade de projetos de software livre: importância teórica e estratégias para administração

Milhares de Projetos de Software Livre (PSL) foram e continuam sendo criados na Internet. Esse cenário aumenta as oportunidades de colaboração tanto quanto acirra a concorrência por usuários e contribuidores, que elevariam esses projetos a níveis superiores aos que seriam alcançados por seus fundadores sozinhos. E dado que o aprimoramento por meio de colaboração é o principal objetivo dos fundadores de PSL, a importância de entender e administrar a capacidade de atrair usuários e contribuidores fica estabelecida. Para auxiliar pesquisadores e fundadores nesse desafio, o conceito de atratividade é introduzido neste artigo, que desenvolve um ferramental teórico-gerencial sobre as causas, indicadores e consequências da atratividade, viabilizando sua administração estratégica.

Knowledge cities: a taxonomy for analyzing software and information service clusters

Software and information services (SIS) have become a field of increasing opportunities for international trade due to the worldwide diffusion of a combination of technological and organizational innovations. In several regions, the software industry is organized in clusters, usually referred to as "knowledge cities" because of the growing importance of knowledge-intensive services in their economy. This paper has two primary objectives. First, it raises three major questions related to the attractiveness of different cities in Argentina and Brazil for hosting software companies and to their impact on local development. Second, a new taxonomy is proposed for grouping clusters according to their dominant business segment, ownership pattern and scope of operations. The purpose of this taxonomy is to encourage further studies and provide an exploratory analytical tool for analyzing software clusters.

PROPOSTA DE INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE O USO DE SOFTWARE NO SUPORTE À INOVAÇÃO EM SERVIÇOS

RESUMOEste artigo examina os objetivos, instrumentos e características das inovações habilitadas por Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no Brasil, enfatizando as tecnologias utilizadas, os canais habilitados pelas ferramentas digitais, os processos de aprendizado para inovação e as mudanças organizacionais necessárias para o uso de ferramentas avançadas. A metodologia consiste na adaptação de taxonomias existentes para os propósitos específicos da pesquisa e a realização de uma pesquisa de campo com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados mostram que as inovações habilitadas por TIC não constituem eventos isolados e pontuais, uma vez que alteram processos, formas de relacionamento com parceiros e clientes, e requerem uma maior integração de funções organizacionais. Importantes diferenças foram observadas em função do porte da empresa, da internacionalização das operações, da capacitação técnica e do grau de acesso a ferramentas proprietárias.

BASS 4: a software system for ergonomic design and evaluation of working hours

OBJECTIVE: To extend an existing computer programme for the evaluation and design of shift schedules (BASS 3) by integrating workload as well as economic aspects. METHODS: The redesigned prototype BASS 4 includes a new module with a suitable and easily applicable screening method (EBA) for the assessment of the intensity of physical, emotional and cognitive workload components and their temporal patterns. Specified criterion functions based on these ratings allow for an adjustment of shift and rest duration according to the intensity of physical and mental workload. Furthermore, with regard to interactive effects both workload and temporal conditions, e.g. time of day, are taken into account. In a second new module, important economic aspects and criteria have been implemented. Different ergonomic solutions for scheduling problems can now also be evaluated with regard to their economic costs. RESULTS: The new version of the computer programme (BASS 4) can now simultaneously take into account numerous ergonomic, legal, agreed and economic criteria for the design and evaluation of working hours. CONCLUSIONS: BASS 4 can now be used as an instrument for the design and the evaluation of working hours with regard to legal, ergonomic and economic aspects at the shop floor as well as in administrative (e.g. health and safety inspection) and research problems.

Software for pattern recognition of the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Software for pattern recognition of the larvae of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, biological vectors of dengue and yellow fever, has been developed. Rapid field identification of larva using a digital camera linked to a laptop computer equipped with this software may greatly help prevention campaigns.

Performance of the Vitek 2 system software version 5.03 in the bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test: evaluation study of clinical and reference strains of Gram-positive cocci

Introduction. The genera Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are recognized as important Gram-positive human pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Vitek 2 in identifying Gram-positive cocci and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Methods. One hundred four isolates were analyzed to determine the accuracy of the automated system for identifying the bacteria and their susceptibility to oxacillin and vancomycin. Results. The system correctly identified 77.9% and 97.1% of the isolates at the species and genus levels, respectively. Additionally, 81.8% of the Vitek 2 results agreed with the known antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Conclusion. Vitek 2 correctly identified the commonly isolated strains; however, the limitations of the method may lead to ambiguous findings.

Theranostic applications of phage display to control leishmaniasis: selection of biomarkers for serodiagnostics, vaccination, and immunotherapy

AbstractPhage display is a high-throughput subtractive proteomic technology used for the generation and screening of large peptide and antibody libraries. It is based on the selection of phage-fused surface-exposed peptides that recognize specific ligands and demonstrate desired functionality for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Phage display has provided unmatched tools for controlling viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, and allowed identification of new therapeutic targets to treat cancer, metabolic diseases, and other chronic conditions. This review presents recent advancements in serodiagnostics and prevention of leishmaniasis -an important tropical parasitic disease- achieved using phage display for the identification of novel antigens with improved sensitivity and specificity. Our focus is on theranostics of visceral leishmaniasis with the aim to develop biomarker candidates exhibiting both diagnostic and therapeutic potential to fight this important, yet neglected, tropical disease.