Investigação do potencial antioxidante e anticolinesterásico de Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae)

Amaryllidaceae family is an important source of bioactive molecules and considering the taxonomic relationships, it is relevant to investigate the genus Hippeastrum. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine antioxidant and anticholinesterasic activities of Hippeastrum morelianum, Hippeastrum psittacinum and Hippeastrum santacatarina. Both antioxidant and acetylcholinesterasic activities of extracts were determinated by bioautography as 10 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of alkaloid lycorine, determinated spectrophotometrically with DPPH, indicated an IC50 value of 0.326 mM.

Intrapopulational chromosome number variation in Zephyranthes sylvatica Baker (Amaryllidaceae: Hippeastreae) from Northeast Brazil

Zephyranthes Herb. is a taxonomically complex and cytologically variable group, with about 65 species of Neotropical distribution. Chromosome number variability in 32 individuals of a Zephyranthes sylvatica population from Northeast Brazil was investigated. Three cytotypes were found: 2n = 12 (one metacentric, four submetacentric and one acrocentric pairs), in 24 individuals; 2n = 12 + 1B, in five and three individuals with 2n = 18, a triploid cytotype. All diploid individuals showed chromosomes with polymorphism in pair one and two, while in triploids this polymorphism was observed in all chromosome triplets, generally with two homomorphic chromosomes and a higher or lower heteromorphic chromosome. All individuals had reticulated interfasic nucleus and a slightly asymmetric chromosome complement, with one metacentric chromosome pair and the others more submetacentric to acrocentric. These data confirm the cytological variability previously registered for the genus. Mechanisms involved in karyotypic evolution in this population are discussed.

Floristics, structure and soil of insular vegetation in four quartzite-sandstone outcrops of "Chapada Diamantina", Northeast Brazil

Soil islands on rocky surfaces often harbor aggregated vegetation that consists of insular plant communities. These islands are typical of the rocky outcrops and in various parts of Brazil form the so-called "campos rupestres" vegetation. Four of such sites have been selected in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, for this comparative study on floristics and vegetation structure: three areas situated inside the "Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina" (Guiné, Fumaça and "Gerais da Fumaça") and one is at the border of the Environmental Protection Area of "Marimbus-Iraquara" ("Mãe Inácia"). All occurring vegetation islands were studied in four random plots of 10 × 10 m per site. Soil was often shallow, sandy and acidic. Vascular plant species were determined, with respective life forms and canopy coverage areas. The total number of species when all four sites were added was 135, and the number of species per island varied from 2 to 32. The areas of the 214 soil islands varied from 0.015 to 91.9 m², totaling 568 m² in the four sites. Monocotyledon families were dominant, essentially Velloziaceae, as well as Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Cyperaceae. Among the eudicotyledons, dominant families were mainly Clusiaceae, Asteraceae and Melastomataceae. The biological spectra revealed that phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes predominated among the life forms, while chamaephytes had the largest coverage area. Epilithic and desiccant chamaephytes composed the most conspicuous interspecific associations, and were probably related to early successional processes. Sites closest to one another were not the most similar in structure, indicating that other factors more relevant than distance might be involved in the abundance of species in space.

Caracterização morfológica de unidades de dispersão de cinco espécies ornamentais

A caracterização morfológica de unidades de dispersão é importante para auxiliar na identificação de uma espécie botânica e são poucos os trabalhos que descrevem as sementes das espécies ornamentais, sejam elas árvores, arbustos ou plantas herbáceas. As plantas ornamentais distinguem-se pela duração do florescimento, pela forma e pelo colorido das folhas, das flores e das inflorescências, bem como, pela aparência e arquitetura da planta. Sementes, como a maioria das estruturas reprodutivas, são relativamente estáveis, não variam muito com as condições ambientais, e sua organização básica interna somente varia levemente entre espécies e gêneros relacionados e as diferenças que existem podem ser estimadas como significativas filogeneticamente e ser usadas na identificação taxonômica. O objetivo do trabalho foi ilustrar e descrever as características externas e internas das unidades de dispersão, tais como a forma, o tipo, o tamanho e a posição do embrião em relação ao tecido de reserva, permitindo uma identificação mais segura de duas espécies de plantas arbóreas, a murta-branca (Allophyllus edulis (St.Hil.) Radlk - Sapindaceae) e a eritrina-candelabro (Erythrina speciosa Andrews - Fabaceae-Papilionoideae), usadas na arborização urbana; duas plantas herbáceas, a alstroeméria (Alstoemeria psittacina Lehm. - Amaryllidaceae) e frésia ou frísia (Freesia refracta Klatt. - Iridaceae) e um arbusto florífero, a esponjinha-vermelha ou caliandra (Calliandra tweedii Benth. - Fabaceae-Mimosoideae).