ATIVIDADE BIOLÓGICA DE UM NOVO TRITERPENO ISOLADO DE Guarea cannata (MELIACEAE)

Do cerne de Guarea carinata foi isolado como principal constituinte um triterpeno di-acetilado (I). do grupo dos protolimonóides, derivado do apo-tirucalol e que mostrou atividade no controle biológico das larvas de Urbanus acawoioa(WILLIAMS, R. C, 1926) (Lepidoptera Hesperiidac).

Descrição de duas espécies novas de Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) da Amazônia Central Brasileira

Duas espécies novas de Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) da Amazônia Central Brasileira são descritas e ilustradas: Metopiosoma carinata sp. n. e Rhytus amazonicum sp. n.

A genitália externa dos machos em quatro espécies do gênero Sirthenea Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Peiratinae)

Com o intuito de acrescentar parâmetros à taxonomia do gênero Sirthenea Spinola, 1837, realizamos uma análise morfológica comparativa da genitália externa dos machos de quatro espécies: S. carinata (Fabricius, 1798), S. stria (Fabricius, 1794), S. flavipes (Stal, 1855) e S. amazona Stal, 1866. Foram evidenciadas 10 estruturas (8º esternito, processo do pigóforo, parâmeros, falosoma e seus quatro processos e os dois processos do endosoma) que permitem diferenciar as quatro espécies. Uma descrição resumida da morfologia geral de cada espécie é adicionada.

Invading freshwater snails and biological control in Martinique Island, French West Indies

Eight alien freshwater snail species were introduced into Martinique Island during the last 50 years. The introduced snails include four planorbids (Biomphalaria straminea, Helisoma duryi, Amerianna carinata and Gyraulus sp.), three thiarids (Melanoides tuberculata, M. amabilis and Tarebia granifera) and one ampullarid (Marisa cornuarietis). Four of these species rapidly colonized the whole Martinican hydrographic system whereas the other four remained restricted to some particular sites. The invasion processes were documented during the last 20 years and showed (i) a rapid invasion of the island by several morphs of M. tuberculata at the beginning of the 80's; (ii) the introduction of T. granifera in 1991 and M. amabilis in 1997; and (iii) the rapid spread of these last two species throughout the island. In the years following its introduction, M. tuberculata was used in biological control experiments against the snail hosts of schistosomiasis, B. glabrata and B. straminea. Experiments were conducted with success in several groups of water-cress beds which constituted the latest transmission sites for schistosomiasis at the beginning of the 80's. A malacological survey carried out in 2000 all over the island showed the absence of B. glabrata but the presence of some residual populations of B. straminea. Long-term studies carried out in Martinique have shown that the thiarids are able to maintain relatively stable populations over a long period of time, thus preventing recolonization by the snail hosts. Within this context the invasion of the hydrographic system of Martinique by thiarid snails has resulted in an efficient and sustainable control of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis.

Trypanocidal activity of Meliaceae and Rutaceae plant extracts

The in vitro trypanocidal activity of 22 extracts and 43 fractions of plants belonging to the families Meliaceae and Rutaceae was evaluated. The extracts from leaves of Conchocarphus heterophyllus and branches of Trichilia ramalhoi were the most active. The trypanocidal activity seems to be increased by fractionation of the extracts. Fractions from C. heterophyllus and Galipea carinata were the most active and a 100% lysis of the parasites was observed for five fractions. From one of them were isolated two flavonoids: flavone and 7-methoxyflavone, which showed weak trypanocidal activity. The results obtained from the extracts and fractions revealed that the order Rutales is a promising source for the search of new drugs for Chagas disease. Phytochemical studies with the other active fractions are underway in order to isolate compounds, which could be associated with observed activities.