The efficacy of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy in treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Recent evidence shows that moxifloxacin could exert an antimicrobial effect against Helicobacter pylori in both in vitroand in vivo models. To systematically evaluate whether moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy could improve eradication rates and reduce side effects in first-line or second-line anti-H. pyloritreatment, eligible articles were identified by searches of electronic databases. We included all randomized trials comparing moxifloxacin-based triple therapy with standard triple or quadruple therapy during H. pylori eradication treatment. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.0.10. Subanalysis/sensitivity analysis was also performed. We identified seven randomized trials (n=1263). Pooled H. pylori eradication rates were 79.03% (95%CI: 75.73-82.07) and 68.33% (95%CI: 64.44-72.04) for patients with moxifloxacin-based triple therapy or with standard triple or quadruple therapy, respectively (intention-to-treat analysis). The odds ratio (OR) was 1.82 (95%CI: 1.17-2.81), the occurrence of total side effects was 15.23% (95%CI: 12.58-18.20) and 27.17% (95%CI: 23.64-30.92) for groups with or without moxifloxacin, and the summary OR was 0.45 (95%CI: 0.26-0.77). In subgroup analyses, we noted that the second-line eradication rate in the moxifloxacin group was significantly higher than that in the quadruple therapy group (73.33 vs 60.17%, OR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.16-2.73, P<0.001). However, there was no difference in first-line eradication treatment. Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that moxifloxacin-based triple therapy is more effective and better tolerated than standard triple or quadruple therapy. Therefore, a moxifloxacin-based triple regimen should be used in the second-line treatment of H. pylori infection.

Estudo de paralisias faciais traumáticas: análise de casos clínicos e cirúrgicos

As paralisias faciais traumáticas são a segunda causa mais freqüente de Paralisia Facial Periférica, ficando somente atrás dos casos ditos idiopáticos. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 82 pacientes atendidos no período de janeiro de 1990 a janeiro de 1999 no ambulatório de ORL da Escola Paulista de Medicina. RESULTADO: Deste grupo 54, eram do sexo masculino (65.8%) e 28 do sexo feminino (34.2%). A idade média foi de 30.9 anos (variando de 2 a 75 anos). Quanto ao tipo de trauma, obtivemos: 15 (18.22%) iatrogênicos, 2 (2.44%) por ferimentos cortantes da face, 50 (60.97%) pós-traumas crânio-encefálicos, 14 (17.07%) ferimentos por projéteis de arma de fogo e 1 (1.22%) ao nascimento. Quanto ao tipo de aparecimento, observamos: 71 (86.5%) de início súbito, 10 (12.3%) progressivos e 1 (1.2%) ao nascimento. Quanto aos testes elétricos iniciais, observamos: 32 (43.84%) com exames que foram simétricos e 41 (56.16%) com exames inescitáveis. Dos 32 casos com simetria, observamos 24 com recuperação total, 6 com 80% de recuperação e 2 com 60%; já nos casos inexcitáveis, dos 41 casos apenas 5 evoluíram para a recuperação total. CONCLUSÃO: Frente aos resultados concluímos que: 1. Houve predomínio da incidência no sexo masculino; 2. Houve predomínio dos casos súbitos e estes evoluíram proporcionalmente melhor que os progressivos; 3. Houve predomínio dos casos de etiologia por TCE e estes evoluíram proporcionalmente melhor que as outras etiologias; 4. Os testes elétricos realizados puderam prever com bom grau de acerto a evolução dos pacientes; 5. O tipo de tratamento realizado foi proporcionalmente mais agressivo quanto mais intensa era a paralisia, com bons resultados.

Aleitamento no primeiro ano de vida de crianças internadas em hospital assistencial do município de São Paulo, Brasil

Estudo do tipo de aleitamento de 667 e 249 crianças internadas num hospital assistencial do município de São Paulo, Brasil, em 1969 e 1972, respectivamente, revelou uma queda do aleitamento natural exclusivo no primeiro ano de vida, de 5,85% em 1969 para 3,61% em 1972, e do aleitamento misto, de 5,55% para 4,42%. No primeiro semestre de vida, a queda no aleitamento natural exclusivo foi de 6,69% em 1969 para 4,81% em 1972, o mesmo se verificando no aleitamento misto. Em 1969, o aleitamento natural exclusivo caiu de 23,21% no primeiro mês para 4,06% no segundo mês, e em 1972, de 23,07% no primeiro mês para 3,33% no segundo mês. A freqüência do aleitamento artificial por leite em pó subiu de 81,11% em 1969 para 82,33% em 1972.

Deteccion de Chlamydia trachomatis en muestras uretrales mediante inmunofluorescencia directa

Se estudiaron 82 pacientes con uretritis para la búsqueda de Chlamydia trachomatis mediante inmunofluorescencia directa, Neisscria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplastna y Ureaplasma mediante métodos estándar. Se encontró un 19,5% de Chlamydia trachomatis y en 11 de ellos (68,8%) se encontró asociada a otras bacterias y estos pacientes presentó una secreción escasa-gelatinosa.

Risk factors for osteoporotic fractures and low bone density in pre and postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze risk factors associated to osteoporosis and low-trauma fracture in women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including a total of 4,332 women older than 40 attending primary care services in the Greater São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 2004 and 2007. Anthropometrical and gynecological data and information about lifestyle habits, previous fracture, medical history, food intake and physical activity were obtained through individual quantitative interviews. Low-trauma fracture was defined as that resulting from a fall from standing height or less in individuals 50 years or older. Multiple logistic regression models were designed having osteoporotic fracture and bone mineral density (BMD) as the dependent variables and all other parameters as the independent ones. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures was 33% and 11.5%, respectively. The main risk factors associated with low bone mass were age (OR=1.07; 95% CI: 1.06;1.08), time since menopause (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.49;3.14), previous fracture (OR=2.62; 95% CI: 2.08;3.29) and current smoking (OR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.13;1.85). BMI (OR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.86;0.89), regular physical activity (OR=0.78; 95% CI: 0.65;0.94) and hormone replacement therapy (OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.33;0.56) had a protective effect on bone mass. Risk factors significantly associated with osteoporotic fractures were age (OR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.04;1.06), time since menopause (OR=4.12; 95% CI: 1.79;9.48), familial history of hip fracture (OR=3.59; 95% CI: 2.88;4.47) and low BMD (OR=2.28; 95% CI: 1.85;2.82). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age, menopause, low-trauma fracture and current smoking are major risk factors associated with low BMD and osteoporotic fracture. The clinical use of these parameters to identify women at higher risk for fractures might be a reasonable strategy to improve the management of osteoporosis.

Identification of factors and groups at risk of infection with Schistosoma mansoni: a strategy for the implementation of control measures?

A fourteen year schistosomiasis control program in Peri-Peri (Capim Branco, MG) reduced prevalence from 43.5 to 4.4%; incidence from 19.0 to 2.9%, the geometric mean of the number of eggs from 281 to 87 and the level of the hepatoesplenic form cases from 5.9 to 0.0%. In 1991, three years after the interruption of the program, the prevalence had risen to 19.6%. The district consists of Barbosa (a rural area) and Peri-Peri itself (an urban area). In 1991, the prevalence in the two areas was 28.4% and 16.0% respectively. A multivariate analysis of risk factors for schistosomiasis indicated the domestic agricultural activity with population attributive risk (PAR) of 29.82%, the distance (< 10 m) from home to water source (PAR = 25.93%) and weekly fishing (PAR = 17.21%) as being responsible for infections in the rural area. The recommended control measures for this area are non-manual irrigation and removal of homes to more than ten meters from irrigation ditches. In the urban area, it was observed that swimming at weekly intervals (PAR = 20.71%), daily domestic agricultural activity (PAR = 4.07%) and the absence of drinking water in the home (PAR=4.29%) were responsible for infections. Thus, in the urban area the recommended control measures are the substitution of manual irrigation with an irrigation method that avoids contact with water, the creation of leisure options of the population and the provision of a domestic water supply. The authors call attention to the need for the efficacy of multivariate analysis of risk factors to be evaluated for schistosomiasis prior to its large scale use as a indicator of the control measures to be implemented.

Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Toxocara in the general population of the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru. From March to August 2008, a total of 300 subjects were sampled and tested by means of a Toxocara ELISA-IgG test. A clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was used to assess the symptomatology and risk factors associated with human toxocariasis. The overall rate of seropositivity was 35.66%, with a significant high proportion in children (p < 0.001). The clinical evaluation revealed that 95.33% of the seropositive group had some type of symptomatology: headache (66.36%), respiratory compromise (63.55%), abdominal pain (54.21%), cutaneous signs (40.19%) and ocular manifestations (36.45%), and almost all of them were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 56.07% of the seropositive subjects presented at least one intestinal pathogen parasite with predominance of helminthes, but without significant association (p = 0.334). The analysis of risk factors showed only that the use of public places and geophagia exhibited a significant association with the seropositivity (p < 0.001). Clinical, serological and epidemiological findings associated to infection with Toxocara were observed in the present study and future studies should be done to assess this serious health problem.

Seguimiento serológico de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en individuos estudiados de 50 municipios del Estado de Jalisco, México de 1987 a 1994

La Universidad de Guadalajara decidió realizar en 1987 un estudio seroepidemiológico para conocer la prevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en los 124 municipios del Estado de Jalisco, México, en el cual se obtuvieron tasas de 21,6 por 100 habitantes. De diciembre de 1993 a junio de 1994 se realizó un seguimiento de algunos de esos individuos, estudiándose sólo 2669 de ellos, de 50 municipios de áreas rurales del estado. Las causas de no encuesta de los faltantes fueron diversas, estando entre las más importantes la emigración (27,6) y la renuencia (14,8). Encontramos a 476 positivos (17,8%) y 2193 negativos (82,2%). Este segundo estudio nos permitió detectar 80 infectados nuevos (2,9%) lo que representa una tasa de incidencia de 30 por 1000 habitantes. Sin embargo, encontramos una seroconversión en los individuos estudiados, ya que de 1007 individuos que estaban positivos en 1987, 943 de ellos continúan así, mientras, que 64 individuos se negativizaron (2,3%), no siendo esto imputable a fallas de laboratorio, la prevalencia de positividad detectada en ambos estudios fue casi idéntica 18,1 y 17,8 % respectivamente, por lo que nosotros pensamos que las condiciones en que viven los individuos de las localidades rurales del Estado de Jalisco favorecen a que las infecciones continúen.

Class-I human leukocyte alleles in leprosy patients from Southern Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The present study was designed to investigate a possible role of HLA (histocompatibility leucocyte antigen) class-I alleles (HLA-A, -B, and -C) in leprosy patients from Southern Brazil. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients with leprosy and 450 individuals for the control group were involved in this research. HLA genotyping was performed through PCR-SSO protocols (One Lambda, USA); the frequency of these alleles was calculated in each group by direct counting, and the frequencies were then compared. RESULTS: There was an association between HLA-A*11 (6.9% vs 4.1%, p=0.0345, OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.05-2.81), HLA-B*38 (2.7% vs. 1.1%, p=0.0402, OR=2.44, 95% CI=1.05-5.69), HLA-C*12 (9.4% vs. 5.4%, p=0.01, OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.17-2.82), and HLA-C*16 (3.1% vs. 6.5%, p=0.0124, OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.26-0.85) and leprosy per se. In addition, HLA-B*35, HLA-C*04, and HLA-C*07 frequencies were different between lepromatous (LL) and tuberculoid (TT) patients. However, after adjusting for the number of alleles compared, Pc values became nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results do not support the previous findings that HLA class-I alleles play a role in leprosy pathogenesis, we suggest new studies because of the importance of the association between the HLA and KIR in the innate immune response to leprosy.

Vegetação da área de proteção ambiental Jabotitiua-Jatium. Município de Viseu, Pará, Brasil

A Área de Proteção Ambiental Jabotitiua-Jatium, localiza-se no município de Viseu, Nordeste do Pará, ocupando uma área de 14.25 ha, sendo criada através da lei municipal n.º 002/98, de 07 de abril de 1998, visando a proteção de um trecho representativo e preservado do litoral paraense, abrigando um espetacular ninhal de guarás (Eudocimus ruber L.), ave costeira que encontra-se na lista oficial da fauna em extinção no Brasil. Objetivando auxiliar o plano de manejo ambiental desta APA, o estudo em questão identificou quatro tipos de ambientes, classificados em Mangue, Campo Natural, Floresta Mista com Palmeiras e Restinga. Utilizando-se a metodologia da Avaliação Ecológica Rápida (AER), foi identificado um total de 141 espécies, representantes de 61 famílias. O maior número de espécies corresponde à Floresta Mista com Palmeiras, apresentando 66 representantes, e a menor representatividade diz respeito ao mangue, com apenas quatro espécies. Fabaceae (15), Cyperaceae (10) e Rubiaceae (10), destacaram-se em número de espécies, correspondendo, juntas, a 24,82% do total das espécies registradas. As ervas representam a maioria (48) quanto a forma de vida, seguida dos arbustos (38), árvores (34), Lianas (13), estipe (5) e epífitos (3).

Valor diagnóstico do teste ergométrico na detecção da isquemia miocárdica silenciosa no paciente idoso com hipertensão sistólica

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor diagnóstico do teste ergométrico (TE) na detecção da isquemia silenciosa no idoso com hipertensão sistólica isolada. MÉTODOS: Foram comparados, 110 pacientes com hipertensão sistólica (grupo A), com 104 pacientes sem hipertensão (grupo B). Eles foram submetidos a TE, conforme protocolo de Bruce, entre janeiro/91 a dezembro/94. O esforço era interrompido se a freqüência máxima fosse alcançada ou se desenvolvessem fadiga, dispnéia, arritmia severa, hipotensão e depressão significativa do segmento ST >2mm (0,2mV). RESULTADOS: O TE mostrou depressão isquêmica de ST em 22 (20%) dos pacientes idosos com hipertensão sistólica e em 12 (11,5%) dos idosos-controle. O tempo de esforço foi mais curto nos hipertensos: 7,1±2,9min vs 8,8±2,5min. A depressão de ST foi maior nos hipertensos do que no grupo controle: 2,5±0,8mm vs 1,9±0,4mm. A duração isquêmica do ST foi também mais prolongada no grupo hipertenso do que no controle: 5,4±2,8min vs 3,4±1,9min. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes idosos com hipertensão sistólica isolada têm mais isquemia miocárdica silenciosa do que idosos normotensos. Entre idosos hipertensos houve uma prevalência de isquemia silenciosa 1,7 vezes mais freqüente que idosos normotensos, de mesma faixa etária (20% vs 11,5%, p<0,003).

Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial em adolescentes normais

OBJETIVO: Avaliar tecnicamente a monitorização ambulatorial de pressão arterial (MAPA) em adolescentes normais. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco adolescentes eutróficos, entre 10-18 anos de idade, sendo 27 do sexo feminino. RESULTADOS: Verificaram-se, em média, 90% de medidas bem sucedidas: incômodo relacionado ao funcionamento do monitor em 30% dos casos; valores médios de descenso sistólico, diastólico e de diminuição de freqüência cardíaca, no sono noturno, respectivamente iguais a 13%, 23% e 24%; carga pressórica na vigília, no sexo masculino, de 25,4±27,7% e 11,8±14,6% e, no feminino, de 17,5±18,7% e 11,8±11,4% para pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), respectivamente; carga pressórica no sono, no sexo masculino, de 15,4±22,9% e 2,8±4,9% e, no feminino, de 10,5±18,2% e 1,8±2,7% para PAS e PAD; medidas diastólicas mais elevadas nas duas primeiras horas de monitorização; diferenças entre sono noturno e vespertino quanto aos parâmetros cardiovasculares estudados. CONCLUSÃO: A MAPA mostrou-se bem tolerada pela população adolescente. Os registros obtidos apresentaram-se tecnicamente adequados para análise.

Clinical and pathological assessment of 82 patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing autopsy at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu from 1988 to 1993

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the clinical diagnostic, efficiency for basic death causes in patients dying of circulatory disease and de relative frequency of those diseases. METHODS: Analysis of medical record data of 82 patients, ages from 16 to 84 years old (68 over 40 years old), whose died of circulatory disease and had undergone necropsy in the period from 1988 to 1993 years in the University Hospital of Medicine Faculty of Botucatu-UNESP, Br. RESULTS: The functional class of patients were III or IV, in 78%, and 81.7% needed urgent hospitalization. By the clinical judgment the death were by ischemic heart disease in 32 (21 acute myocardial infarction), Chagas'disease in 12, valvopathy in 11, cardiomyopathy in 7, heart failure with no specification of cardiopathy in 11 and other causes in 9. At the necropsy the death cause was ischemic heart disease in 34 patients, valvopathy in 10, Chagas'disease in 10, cardiomyopathy in 5, and heart failure with no specification of cardiopathy in 2.The concordance taxes were in thhe same order: 94,6%, 90,0%, 83.3%, 71.4% and 28.5%. CONCLUSION: There was a great efficiency of clinical diagnosis for death cause in a general university hospital. The ischemic heart disease were the main causes of death.

QRS Voltage-Duration Product in the Identification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

OBJECTIVE - Evaluation of the performance of the QRS voltage-duration product (VDP) for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS - Orthogonal electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded in male SHR at the age of 12 and 20 weeks, when systolic blood pressure (sBP) reached the average values of 165±3 mmHg and 195±12 mmHg, respectively. Age- and sex- matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as controls. VDP was calculated as a product of maximum QRS spatial vector magnitude and QRS duration. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was weighed after rats were sacrificed. RESULTS - LVM in SHR at 12 and 20 weeks of age (0.86±0.05 g and 1.05±0.07 g, respectively) was significantly higher as compared with that in WKY (0.65±0.07 g and 0.70±0.02 g). The increase in LVM closely correlated with the sBP increase. VDP did not reflect the increase in LVM in SHR. VDP was lower in SHR as compared with that in WKY, and the difference was significant at the age of 20 weeks (18.2mVms compared with 10.7mVms, p<0.01). On the contrary, a significant increase in the VDP was observed in the control WKY at the age of 20 weeks without changes in LVM. The changes in VDP were influenced mainly by the changes in QRSmax. CONCLUSION - LVM was not the major determinant of QRS voltage changes and consequently of the VDP. These data point to the importance of the nonspatial determinants of the recorded QRS voltage in terms of the solid angle theory.