The measurement by serological means of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 influenza virus on a population

In order to obtain evidence on the size of the impact of the Hong Kong/68 variant of influenza A2 virus on the population of São Paulo, Brazil, serum samples taken in 1967 before this variant appeared and during successive years after it appeared were examined for their antibody content. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests performed on a total of 2726 serum samples from adults showed a sharp decrease in 1969 of the proportion of sera without antibody to the Hong Kong/68 variant and a corresponding mercase in the proportion with high titres. It was concluded that about three-quarters of the adult population became infected at some time after the variant appeared, the majority in the first year of prevalence.

Triatoma sordida: considerações sobre o tempo de vida das formas adultas e sobre a oviposição das fêmeas

Foram observados 53 exemplares do T. sordida que chegaram à fase alada, oriundos de 110 ovos; os machos eram em número de 22 e as fêmeas 31. Os tempos médios de duração da fase de ninfa não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os sexos, sendo 174,6 e 170,6 dias respectivamente para machos e fêmeas. O tempo médio de vida na fase alada foi significativamente maior para as fêmeas, com 503 dias para estas e 284 para os machos. O período de oviposição correspondeu a 86,42% do tempo de fase alada das fêmeas, com a postura tendo maior intensidade na primeira metade desta fase. Cada fêmea pôs em média 570,8 ovos, variando a postura de 0,68 a 1,97 ovos por dia.

Corrected transposition of the great arteries with several associated anomalies in a 68-year-old patient

Few patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries survive past 50 years of age because of the association with congenital defects, development of total atrioventricular block, and right ventricular dysfunction. We report the case of a male patient with dextrocardia in situs solitus and corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with a wide atrial septal defect and severe pulmonary valvar and subvalvar stenoses. The patient also developed a large aneurysm on the pulmonary artery, total atrioventricular block diagnosed 8 years earlier, symptoms of dysfunction of the systemic ventricle in the previous 2 years, insufficiency of the left atrioventricular valve, and aortic regurgitation. Despite all these associated anomalies, the patient developed class III cardiac decompensation only at the age of 68 years, which makes this case a rarity. The patient was clinically treated, and was discharged from the hospital in good condition.

Subcellular localization of an intracellular serine protease of 68 kDa in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes

Here we report the subcellular localization of an intracellular serine protease of 68 kDa in axenic promastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, using subcellular fractionation, enzymatic assays, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. All fractions were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and the serine protease activity was measured during the cell fractionation procedure using a-N-r-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (L-TAME) as substrate, phenylmethylsulphone fluoride (PMSF) and L-1-tosylamino-2-phenylethylchloromethylketone (TPCK) as specific inhibitors. The enzymatic activity was detected mainly in a membranous vesicular fraction (6.5-fold enrichment relative to the whole homogenate), but also in a crude plasma membrane fraction (2.0-fold). Analysis by SDS-PAGE gelatin under reducing conditions demonstrated that the major proteolytic activity was found in a 68 kDa protein in all fractions studied. A protein with identical molecular weight was also recognized in immunoblots by a polyclonal antibody against serine protease (anti-SP), with higher immunoreactivity in the vesicular fraction. Electron microscopic immunolocalization using the same polyclonal antibody showed the enzyme present at the cell surface, as well as in cytoplasmic membranous compartments of the parasite. Our findings indicate that the internal location of this serine protease in L. amazonensis is mainly restricted to the membranes of intracellular compartments resembling endocytic/exocytic elements.

Resposta do tifton 68 a doses de nitrogênio e a intervalos de cortes

Este trabalho foi conduzido no período de outubro de 1995 a outubro de 1997, na Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite, situada em Coronel Pacheco, MG. Foram avaliados cinco doses de N (0, 100, 200, 400 e 600 kg/ha/ano) e três intervalos de cortes do tifton 68 (duas, quatro e seis semanas, nas chuvas, e quatro, seis e oito semanas, na seca) sobre a produção de matéria seca e teores de proteína bruta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas divididas, com três repetições. Nas parcelas foram alocados os intervalos de cortes e nas subparcelas as doses de N. A produção anual de matéria seca do tifton 68 cresceu com o aumento da dose de N até 400 kg/ha/ano e até o intervalo de cortes de seis semanas, nas chuvas, e oito semanas, na seca. A maior produção de matéria seca foi de 20,8 t/ha/ano, com 14,3 t/ha obtida na época das chuvas. A menor produção foi de 3,9 t/ha/ano, sendo 2,8 t/ha alcançada nas chuvas. O teor de proteína bruta aumentou com maiores doses de N, tanto nas chuvas quanto na seca, e com a redução do intervalo de cortes. O maior teor de proteína bruta obtido foi de 20,3%, e o menor foi de 5,2%.

Pancreatite aguda grave: resultados do tratamento cirúrgico em 68 pacientes

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico das formas necrosantes, ou graves, da pancreatite aguda e da forma crônica agudizada. MÉTODO: Foi preenchido um protocolo, de modo consecutivo e prospectivo, de 68 pacientes operados por pancreatite aguda grave e crônica agudizada, no período de 1982 a 2000. Os pacientes foram classificados em três categorias: 1. Pancreatite aguda biliar; 2. Pancreatite aguda de causa indeterminada; 3. Pancreatite crônica agudizada. RESULTADOS: As indicações para o tratamento cirúrgico foram: diagnóstico incerto (32,3%); necrose infectada (60,3%) e para necrosectomia (7,4%). As operações realizadas foram: desbridamento de necrose infectada(70,6%); operações sobre as vias biliares (20,6%) e desbridamento de grandes necroses (7,4%). Os óbitos hospitalares incidentes, por categoria foram: 1. Pancreatite aguda biliar (33,3%); 2. Pancreatite aguda indeterminada (45,0%); 3. Pancreatite crônica agudizada (37,0%). A média de óbitos foi de 38,2%. Vinte e cinco pacientes foram reoperados, uma ou várias vezes, e nestes a mortalidade foi de 40,0%. Os abscessos foram responsáveis por 52,0% dos óbitos e as outras complicações que resultaram em óbitos, sempre evoluiram para infecção. CONCLUSÕES: Ocorreu um alto índice de operações por diagnóstico incerto. Esta indicação deve se restringir aos casos onde não seja possível o diagnóstico diferencial com certas causas de abdome agudo. As indicações para tratar precocemente a litíase biliar devem ser evitadas ou reduzidas a situações específicas. As reoperações são freqüentemente indicadas nesses pacientes e a infecção foi a principal causa de morte.

The six-minute walk test and body weight-walk distance product in healthy Brazilian subjects

We assessed the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and body weight x distance product (6MWw) in healthy Brazilian subjects and compared measured 6MWD with values predicted in five reference equations developed for other populations. Anthropometry, spirometry, reported physical activity, and two walk tests in a 30-m corridor were evaluated in 134 subjects (73 females, 13-84 years). Mean 6MWD and 6MWw were significantly greater in males than in females (622 ± 80 m, 46,322 ± 10,539 kg.m vs 551 ± 71 m, 36,356 ± 8,289 kg.m, P < 0.05). Four equations significantly overestimated measured 6MWD (range, 32 ± 71 to 137 ± 74 m; P < 0.001), and one significantly underestimated it (-36 ± 86 m; P < 0.001). 6MWD significantly correlated with age (r = -0.39), height (r = 0.44), body mass index (r = -0.24), and reported physical activity (r = 0.25). 6MWw significantly correlated with age (r = -0.21), height (r = 0.66) and reported physical activity (r = 0.25). The reference equation devised for walk distance was 6MWDm = 622.461 - (1.846 x Ageyears) + (61.503 x Gendermales = 1; females = 0); r2 = 0.300. In an additional group of 85 subjects prospectively studied, the difference between measured and the 6MWD predicted with the equation proposed here was not significant (-3 ± 68 m; P = 0.938). The measured 6MWD represented 99.6 ± 11.9% of the predicted value. We conclude that 6MWD and 6MWw variances were adequately explained by demographic and anthropometric attributes. This reference equation is probably most appropriate for evaluating the exercise capacity of Brazilian patients with chronic diseases.