Novas cultivares de algodoeiro para Minas Gerais: EPAMIG-4 (Redenção) E EPAMIG-5 (Precoce-1)

São apresentadas duas cultivares de algodoeiro anual (Gossypium hirsutum L.), EPAMIG-4 (Redenção) e EPAMIG-5 (Precoce-1) lançadas pela Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) para o plantio nas regiões algodoeiras do mesmo Estado. Suas características agronômicas e de fibra são descritas em valores absolutos e em comparação com a cultivar-testemunha utilizada. A primeira originou-se de seleção em campo de produção da cultivar IAC-17, e é recomendada para plantio em todo o Estado de Minas Gerais, enquanto a segunda foi originada de seleção sobre a linhagem introduzida "C-25-1-80", e é recomendada para o plantio na região norte de Minas Gerais. As cultivares em questão são altamente produtivas, tanto em condições de sequeiro quanto sob irrigação, e apresentam excelentes características agronômicas e de qualidade de fibra.

Novas cultivares de acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC): UEL 3 -- Dominga, UEL 4 -- Lígia e UEL 5 -- Natália

O programa de melhoramento genético de acerola, na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, iniciou-se em 1992, com a implatação de um pomar clonal constituído de genótipos selecionados no Norte do Paraná. As cultivares UEL 3-Dominga , UEL 4-Lígia, UEL 5-Natália são resultados de 5 ciclos de avaliações, onde foram considerados: precocidade, produtividade, conteúdo de vitamina C nos frutos, tolerância a pragas e doenças, tamanho e aparência dos frutos. As cultivares UEL 3-Dominga e UEL 5- Natália, destacam-se pela produtividade das plantas, conteúdo de vitamina C e pelo tamanho do fruto. Em Londrina, a frutificação dessas cultivares concentra-se nos meses de novembro a março. A cultivar UEL 4-Lígia destaca-se pela precocidade e produtividade que, em Londrina, se concentra nos meses de outubro a março. A cultivar UEL 3-Dominga apresenta peso médio de frutos igual a 6,31g, Vitamina C igual a 2906 e 1250 mg/100g em frutos verdes e maduros, respectivamente, acidez igual a 694,34 mg/100g e Brix igual a 9,2º. A cultivar UEL 4-Lígia apresenta peso médio dos frutos igual a 7,85g, vitamina C igual a 3579 e 1458 mg/100g em frutos verdes e maduros, respectivamente, acidez igual a 1110 mg/100g e Brix igual a 7,85º. A cultivar UEL 5-Natália apresenta peso médio dos frutos igual a 7,47g, Vitamina C igual a 3134,5 e 1098 mg/100g em frutos verdes e maduros, respectivamente, acidez igual a 725 mg/100g e Brix igual a 7,6º. Estas três cultivares são indicadas para plantio no Norte do Estado do Paraná.

Predição de malignidade em pacientes das categorias 4 e 5 BI-RADS™

Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo, de agosto de 1999 a junho de 2002, que selecionou 6.999 laudos mamográficos consecutivos que seguiram a padronização Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS™). Neste estudo objetivamos uma análise regional de achados mamográficos categorias 4 e 5 BI-RADS, que foram recomendados a estudo histopatológico, avaliando a sensibilidade do método nessas categorias como indicador de malignidade. Foram laudados 43,65% (n = 3.055) como negativos, 47,36% (n = 3.315) como achados mamográficos benignos, 7,47% (n = 523) como achados mamográficos provavelmente benignos, 0,87% (n = 61) como achados mamográficos suspeitos e 0,64% (n = 45) como achados mamográficos altamente suspeitos. Das pacientes das categorias 4 (61 pacientes) e 5 (45 pacientes), todas encaminhadas à biópsia, foram obtidos resultados histopatológicos de 27 da categoria 4 (44,26%) e de 27 da categoria 5 (60%). Das pacientes da categoria 4, obteve-se 55,55% (n = 15) de lesões malignas, e das pacientes da categoria 5, obteve-se 96,29% (n = 26) de lesões malignas. O estudo mostra o alto valor preditivo positivo de malignidade da categoria 5 BI-RADS e a necessidade real de prosseguimento da investigação das mamografias categoria 4 BI-RADS.

Autoagregação da 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-metoxifenil)porfirina (tmpp): estudos espectroscópicos e análises multivariadas

In this work, the spectroscopic properties of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (TMPP) in solvents of different polarities and water/ethanol mixtures were studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy and resonance light scattering associated with statistical analysis. The molar absorption coefficient and emission maximum of TMPP were dependent on solvent polarity. In the water/ethanol mixture, TMPP remained monomeric up to 25% of water, when it reaches its critical aggregation percentage. Oblique head-to-tail aggregate was found at intermediate water content (35 - 55%), while formation of a J-type aggregate was observed at higher water content (> 60%).

A micromethod for quantitation of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine in urine by liquid chromatography

We describe a new simple, selective and sensitive micromethod based on HPLC and fluorescence detection to measure debrisoquine (D) and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine (4-OHD) in urine for the investigation of xenobiotic metabolism by debrisoquine hydroxylase (CYP2D6). Four hundred µl of urine was required for the analysis of D and 4-OHD. Peaks were eluted at 8.3 min (4-OHD), 14.0 min (D) and 16.6 min for the internal standard, metoprolol (20 µg/ml). The 5-µm CN-reverse-phase column (Shimpack, 250 x 4.6 mm) was eluted with a mobile phase consisting of 0.25 M acetate buffer, pH 5.0, and acetonitrile (9:1, v/v) at 0.7 ml/min with detection at lexcitation = 210 nm and lemission = 290 nm. The method, validated on the basis of measurements of spiked urine, presented 3 ng/ml (D) and 6 ng/ml (4-OHD) sensitivity, 390-6240 ng/ml (D) and 750-12000 ng/ml (4-OHD) linearity, and 5.7/8.2% (D) and 5.3/8.2% (4-OHD) intra/interassay precision. The method was validated using urine of a healthy Caucasian volunteer who received one 10-mg tablet of Declinax®, po, in the morning after an overnight fast. Urine samples (diuresis of 4 or 6 h) were collected from zero to 24 h. The urinary excretion of D and 4-OHD, Fel (0-24 h), i.e., fraction of dose administered and excreted into urine, was 6.4% and 31.9%, respectively. The hydroxylation capacity index reported as metabolic ratio was 0.18 (D/4-OHD) for the person investigated and can be compared to reference limits of >12.5 for poor metabolizers (PM) and <12.5 for extensive metabolizers (EM). In parallel, the recovery ratio (RR), another hydroxylation capacity index, was 0.85 (4-OHD: SD + 4-OHD) versus reference limits of RR <0.12 for PM and RR >0.12 for EM. The healthy volunteer was considered to be an extensive metabolizer on the basis of the debrisoquine test.

Avaliação microbiológica de desinfetantes químicos de uso doméstico

Em 1988 e no primeiro semestre de 1989 cinco desinfetantes de uso doméstico foram divulgados através de publicação televisiva. Para avaliar as propriedades antimicrobianas desses produtos os mesmos foram testados por um método qualitativo (Diluição-Uso com 10 carreadores, método convencional e outro simplificado adaptado) e outro quantitativo, também adaptado. Os compostos ativos dos produtos descritos nos respectivos rótulos foram: 1- Paraclorofenol (O- Benzil) 0,1%; 2 - Éter 2,4,4' Cloro (III) 2' hidroxifenilico 0,1%; 3 - N-alquildimetil benzil amônio-Cloreto de alquil dimetil etil benzil amonio 50% - 1,6%; 4 - formaldeído 37% (solução de 0,3%); 5 - Sem informação. Os microrganismos utilizados foram: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 e Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 10708. No método qualitativo, a cepa de pseudomonas foi recuperada dos desinfetantes 1, 2 e 3. Todos os desinfetantes mostraram um efeito germicida de 5,0 (99,999% de redução) em 15 segundos frente às três cepas. O desinfetante 3 estava contaminado com Enterobacter sp na ordem de 10(4) células por ml. Este contaminante foi sensível diante dos desinfetantes 1, 4 e 5, frente à metodologia qualitativa, e relativamente resistente frente ao desinfetante 2, na metodologia quantitativa.

Leishmania braziliensis: isolation of carbohydrate-containing antigen and possibility of its use in the immunodiagnosis of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Leishmania braziliensis is a causative agent of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). The 034-JCG strain, isolated from a patient from the northern region of Paraná State, Brazil, was cultivated in Blood Agar Base medium, lyophilized and submitted to phenol-water extraction. The extract was treated with RNase I. The carbohydrate containing-antigen (Ag-CHO) was immunogenic to rabbits and showed at least a fraction with some negative charge at pH 8.2. This antigen showed cross-reactivity with the phenol-water extract of the growth medium used for the culture of promastigotes and with the surface antigens of promastigotes. Its composition is: 24.3% of total sugars, from which 11.2% of galactose, 7.5% of mannose and 5.6% of ribose. Protein content was 5.4% and phosphate 18.5%. The antigenic activity was maintained after: repeated freezing-thawing; lyophilization; heating at 100ºC for 30 minutes; treatment with RNase, trichloroacetic acid and sodium metaperiodate. The precipitin line obtained is Periodic Acid Schiff positive. The application of the Ag-CHO in counterimmunoelectrophoresis reaction for the immunodiagnosis of ACL showed 60% sensitivity, and no cross-reaction with the five sera of Chagas' disease patients tested. The use of this antigen in a more sensitive technique, with more samples of sera, may improve these results.

Relationship between antibiotic consumption, oropharyngeal colonization, and ventilator-associated pneumonia by Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit of a Brazilian teaching hospital

INTRODUCTION: his study evaluated the consumption of major classes of antibiotics, the colonization of the oropharynx of patients on mechanical ventilation, and the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit for adults. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out using colonized patients (cases) by oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) and (controls) oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus (OSSA) from May 2009 to August 2010. The occurrence of VAP by S. aureus was also evaluated in the same period. Antibiotic consumption was expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)/1,000 patient-days for glycopeptides, carbapenems, and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-six (56.1%) patients underwent mechanical ventilation with a frequency of oropharyngeal colonization of 36.4%, corresponding to 63.5% for ORSA and 36.5% for OSSA. The risk of illness for this organism was significant (p<0.05), regardless of whether colonization/infection was by ORSA or OSSA. The consumption of antibiotics was high, mainly for broad-spectrum cephalosporins (551.26 DDDs/1,000 patient-days). The high density of use of glycopeptides (269.56 DDDs/1,000 patient-days) was related to colonization by ORSA (Pearson r=0.57/p=0.02). Additionally, age >60 years, previous antibiotic therapy, and previous use of carbapenems were statistically significant by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between the colonization of the oropharyngeal mucosa and the risk of VAP by both phenotypes. The use of glycopeptides was related to colonization by ORSA.

Preoperative serum levels of ca 72-4, cea, ca 19-9, and Alpha-fetoprotein in patients with gastric cancer

INTRODUCTION: The clinical importance of preoperative serum levels of CA 72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was prospectively evaluated in 44 patients with gastric cancer. METHOD: The serum tumor marker levels were determined by commercial radioimmunoassay kits. Positivity for CA 72-4 (>4 U/mL), CEA (>5 ng/mL), CA 19-9 (>37 U/mL), and AFP (>10 ng/mL) were correlated according to the stage, histology, and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: CA 72-4 showed a higher positivity rate for gastric cancer (47.7%) than CEA (25%), CA 19-9 (25%), and AFP (0%). The combination of CA 72-4 with CEA and CA 19-9 increased the sensitivity to 61.4%. The positivity rates of CA 72-4 in patients at stages I and II (initial disease) and in patients at stages III and IV (advanced disease) were 9% and 60.6%, respectively (P < 0.005). No correlation was found between CEA and CA 19-9 levels and the stage of gastric cancer. There was a tendency of positivity for CA 72-4 to suggest lymph node involvement, but it was not significant (P = 0.075). Serum levels of tumor markers did not show a correlation with the histological types of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Preoperative serum levels of CA 72-4 provided a predictive value in indicating advanced gastric cancer.

Miocardite na forma aguda da doença de Chagas

The autopsy of a case of CHAGAS'S disease or American tryponosomiasis (a girl, 5 years old), dead in the 22nd day of illness is reported. The anatomic diagnosis was a follows: Acute diffuse chagasic nyocarditis. Chagasic encephalitis. Chagasic lymphadenitis of the right posterior auricular node. Tuberculosis of the bronchial and pulmonary nodes. Chronic passive hyperemia and atelectasia of the lungs. Chronic passive congestion and hemorrhages of the spleen. Serous hepatitis. Parotiditis. Edema of the right eyelids. Bilateral hydrothorax. Hydropericardium. Hydroperitoneum. The morphology of Schizotrypanum cruzi in the myocardium is considered. Besides agglomerates with typical small oval or round intracellular bodies, pre-flagellate and flagellate organisms, others are found in which the great amount of parasites and marked pressure exerted by them against each other render very difficult their identification; sometimes the similitude of such agglamerates to Toxoplasma is striking (Fig. 1 and 1 A). In such a case, the structure of the blepharoplast (Fig. 1 and IA), usually preserved, is profitable and allows the identification of the pre-flagellate and flagellate forms of Schizotrypanum cruzi. Most of the small sensitive nerves in the epicardium shows mononuclear infiltration of the perineurium (perineuritis, Figs. 12-14). Microscopically there is extensive Zenker's degeneration (Figs. 6-8) and parasitism of the heart muscle fibers, marked cellular infiltration of the interstitial connective tissue, which are found in the ordinary musculature of every chamber of the heart (Figs. 10-11) as well as in Tawara's node (Fig. 9), main bundle (Fig. 2) and right (Fig. 4) and left (Fig. 5) septal divisions of the bundle of His, and perineuritis. Those anatomic changes are associated to an abnormal electrocardiogram presenting some similitude to that of an anemic infarct of the anterior wall of the heart and which will be discussed elsewhere (unpublished paper by Dias, Nobrega & Laranja).

Formas de preparo de figo-da-índia minimamente processado¹

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da forma de preparo na conservação pós-colheita de figos-da-índia minimamente processados. Foram utilizados figos-da-índia maduros de polpa alaranjada, provenientes de pomar comercial da região de Valinhos-SP. Após a seleção, os frutos foram lavados e higienizados em solução com Sumaveg® a 200 mg 100g-1 de cloro livre, por 5 minutos. Em seguida, os frutos foram levados à câmara fria, a 12±2°C, onde permaneceram por 12 horas prévias ao processamento. O processamento constituiu na retirada da casca e das extremidades para a obtenção dos frutos inteiros. Para a obtenção das metades, foi realizado um corte no sentido longitudinal da fruta descascada e, para obtenção das rodelas, foram realizados cortes, a cada 2 cm, transversais à altura do fruto descascado. Os tratamentos assim obtidos foram acondicionados em contentores de tereftalato de polietileno transparente e com tampa, com capacidade de 1.000 mL (marca Neoform® N-94). As embalagens foram armazenadas em expositores refrigerados a 3°C, por um período de 16 dias, sendo as análises realizadas a cada 4 dias. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 3x5: três processamentos e cinco datas de amostragem (0;4;8;12 e 16 dias), com três repetições por tratamento. Avaliaram-se a perda de massa fresca, os teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), a relação (SS/AT), ácido ascórbico, além da análise sensorial dos produtos. Os frutos inteiros foram os preferidos quanto à intenção de compra e apresentaram melhores resultados quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis, de acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável e teor de ácido ascórbico. A maior perda de massa fresca foi verificada no processamento em rodelas.

Novos derivados do sistema heterocíclico 1H-pirazolo[3,4-b]piridina: síntese e assinalamentos de hidrogênios e carbonos por RMN 1D e 2D

The synthesis and NMR analysis of seven new 4-(aryl)amino-5-carboethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridines (7-13) are described. The synthetic approach used involved the preparation of intermediates 5-aminopyrazol (4), the enamine derivative (5) and the 4-chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (6). Compounds (7-13) were obtained by treatment of 6 with the desired aniline. The structures of new heterocyclic compounds and their precursors intermediates were assigned on the basis of spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments [¹H; 13C{¹H} and DEPT; ¹H x ¹H - COSY; ¹H x13C - COSY, nJ CH, n = 1, 2 or 3 (HETECOR and COLOC)].

Determinação da 2,5-hexanodiona em amostras de urina submetidas à hidrólise ácida: importância da coluna cromatográfica e do pH do meio

Acidic hydrolysis of samples is frequent in urinary 2,5-hexanodione determination. This hydrolysis should be performed under proper conditions, in order to avoid interference, such as the presence of 2,5-dimethylfurane and 2-acetylfurane. The results of the present work, as well as data from the literature, show that the use of non-polar or slightly polar chromatographic columns of 30 m length is an essential condition for 2,5-HD determination in an acid hydrolysed urine sample. In the same way the pH should be kept between 0.3 and 0.5. The mean concentrations of 2,5-HD in samples submitted to hydrolysis (0.50 ± 0.28 mg/g of creatinine) was about 3 times higher than those found in the samples without acid hydrolysis (0.19 ± 0.3 mg/g of creatinine).

Eletrodo íon-seletivo para determinação potenciométrica de alumínio(III) em meio de fluoreto

The construction and analytical evaluation of a coated graphite Al(III) ion-selective electrode, based on the ionic pair formed between the Al(F)n3-n anion and tricaprylylmethylammonium cation (Aliquat 336S) incorporated on a poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) matrix membrane are described. A thin membrane film of this ionic pair and dibutylphthalate (DBPh) in PVC was deposited directly on a cylindric graphite rod (2 cm length x 0.5 cm diameter) attached to the end of a glass tube using epoxy resin. The membrane solution was prepared by dissolving 40% (m/m) of PVC in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran following addition of 45% (m/m) of DBPh and 15% (m/m) of the ionic pair. The effect of membrane composition, fluoride concentration, and several concomitants as potential interferences on the electrode response were investigated. The aluminium(III) ion-selective electrode showed a linear response ranging from 1.4 x 10-4 to 1.0 x 10-2 mol L-1, a detection limit of 4.0 x 10-5 mol L-1, aslope of -54.3±0.2mV dec-1 and a lifetime of more than 1 year (over 3000 determinations for each membrane). The slope indicates that the ion-selective electrode responds preferentially to the Al(F)4- species. Application of this electrode for the aluminium(III) determination in stomach anti-acid samples is reported.

Metodologias eletroanalíticas para a determinação de herbicidas triazínicos por voltametria de onda quadrada e técnicas de deconvolução

This work describes the development of electroanalytical methodologies for the determination of atrazine, ametrine and simazine by square wave voltammetry on a mercury electrode. For pure atrazine and pure ametrine, the detection limits (DL) were 3.7 and 4.3 µg L-1, respectively, while they increased to 4.8 and 6.5 µg L-1 in the presence of 3.0 x 10-6 mol L-1 of the other component (a mathematical deconvolution program was used in the mixture cases). The voltammetric response for simazine could not be separated from that of atrazine and measurements were carried out only in pure simazine solutions (DL: 7.5 µg L-1).