Evolução de 31 crianças submetidas à ressecção bilateral das glândulas submandibulares e ligadura dos ductos parotídeos para controlar a sialorréia

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a segurança da ressecção bilateral das glândulas submandibulares e ligadura dos ductos parotídeos em crianças para reduzir a saliva, a eficácia e as complicações em médio e longo prazo no tratamento da sialorréia. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte longitudinal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Trinta e uma crianças, com idades entre 6 e 13 anos (média de 7,6 anos), com múltiplas deficiências de etiologia neurológica foram submetidas à ressecção bilateral das glândulas submandibulares e ligadura dos ductos parotídeos, para controle da sialorréia, entre dezembro de 1999 a dezembro de 2005, e seguimento médio de 36 meses. RESULTADOS: O critério de sucesso foi o estabelecido por Wilkie, e 87% das crianças tiveram resultados excelentes e bons, sendo a morbidade insignificante e a principal complicação foi o edema temporário na região parotídea. CONCLUSÃO: A ressecção bilateral das glândulas submandibulares e a ligadura dos ductos parotídeos constituem técnica segura e eficaz para ser realizada em crianças, com 87% de sucesso no controle da sialorréia.

Infective endocarditis (IE) first diagnosed at autopsy: analysis of 31 cases in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

Thirty one infective endocarditis (IE) fatal cases whose diagnosis was first obtained at autopsy were studied. The clinical data of these patients (Group 1) showed significant differences compared to other 141 IE cases (Group 2). The average age of 53 years in Group 1 patients was 18 years higher than that of Group 2. The Group 1 patients had a low frequency of IE predisposing heart disease. Both patient groups presented fever (about 87%), but a significant low frequency of cardiac murmur (25.8%) was observed in Group 1 patients and echocardiography tests were performed in only 16.1%, suggesting that IE diagnosis was not suspected. Likewise, although most Group 1 patients appeared with severe acute illness, they did not present the classic IE clinical presentation. Blood cultures were performed in only 64.5% of the Group 1 patients. However, bacteria were isolated in 70% of these blood cultures and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 71.4%. The bacteria attacked mitral and aortic valves. Complications such as embolizations and cardiac failure occurred in almost half of the cases and they also presented with infections of the lungs, urinary tract, and central nervous system. Medical procedures were performed in practically all fatal cases whose diagnosis was first obtained at autopsy. Sepsis occurred in about half of the patients and it was followed by shock in more than 25%. This form of IE must be suspected in mature and in old febrile hospitalized patients having infection predisposing diseases, embolization, and suffering medical procedures.

Antigenic typing of brazilian rabies virus samples isolated from animals and humans, 1989-2000

Animal and human rabies samples isolated between 1989 and 2000 were typified by means of a monoclonal antibody panel against the viral nucleoprotein. The panel had been previously established to study the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in the Americas. Samples were isolated in the Diagnostic Laboratory of the Pasteur Institute and in other rabies diagnostic centers in Brazil. In addition to the fixed virus samples CVS-31/96-IP, preserved in mouse brain, and PV-BHK/97, preserved in cell culture, a total of 330 rabies virus samples were isolated from dogs, cats, cattle, horses, bats, sheep, goat, swine, foxes, marmosets, coati and humans. Six antigenic variants that were compatible with the pre-established monoclonal antibodies panel were defined: numbers 2 (dog), 3 (Desmodus rotundus), 4 (Tadarida brasiliensis), 5 (vampire bat from Venezuela), 6 (Lasiurus cinereus) and Lab (reacted to all used antibodies). Six unknown profiles, not compatible with the panel, were also found. Samples isolated from insectivore bats showed the greatest variability and the most commonly isolated variant was variant-3 (Desmodus rotundus). These findings may be related to the existence of multiple independent transmission cycles, involving different bat species.

Occurrence of influenza B/Hong Kong-Like strains in Brazil, during 2002

Through the influenza virus surveillance from January to October 2002, influenza B/Hong Kong-like strains circulating in the Southeast and Centre East regions of Brazil have been demonstrated. This strain is a variant from B/Victoria/02/88 whose since 1991 and until recently have been isolated relatively infrequently and have been limited to South-Eastern Asia. A total of 510 respiratory secretions were collected from patients 0 to 60 years of age, with acute respiratory illness, living in the Southeast and Centre East regions of Brazil, of which 86 (17.13%) were positive for influenza virus. Among them 12 (13.95%) were characterized as B/Hong Kong/330/2001; 3 (3.49%) as B/Hong Kong/1351/2002 a variant from B/Hong Kong/330/2001; 1 (1.16%) as B/Sichuan/379/99; 1 (1.16%) as B/Shizuoka/5/2001, until now. The percentages of cases notified during the surveillance period were 34.88%, 15.12%, 15.12%, 4.65%, 15.12%, 13.95%, in the age groups of 0-4, 5-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-30, 31-50, respectively. The highest proportion of isolates was observed among children younger than 4 years but serious morbidity and mortality has not been observed among people older than 65 years, although B influenza virus component for vaccination campaign 2002 was B/Sichuan/379/99 strain. This was probably due to the elderly protection acquired against B/Victoria/02/88. In addition, in influenza A/Panama/2007/99-like (H3N2) strains 22 (25.58%) were also detected, but influenza A(H1N1) has not been detected yet.

Frequency of myocarditis in cases of fatal meningococcal infection in children: observations on 31 cases studied at autopsy

The frequency of myocarditis associated with meningococcal disease in children was reported only in two autopsied series (United States and South Africa). Here we report the frequency of associated myocarditis in 31 children who died of meningoccal infection at Hospital Infantil N.S. da Glória in Vitória, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Neisseria meningitidis . At least three sections of fragments of both atria and ventricles were studied using the Dallas Criteria for the morphologic diagnosis of myocarditis. The mean age was 47.6 ± 39.8 months and the mean survival time after the onset of symptoms was 46.1 ± 26.5h (12-112h). Myocarditis was present in 13 (41.9%) patients, being of minimal severity in 11 cases and of moderate severity in 2 cases. There were no cases with severe diffuse myocarditis. The frequency of myocarditis was not influenced by sex, presence of meningitis, survival time after the onset of symptoms or use of vasoactive drugs. The frequency of myocarditis reported here was intermediate between the values reported in the only two case series published in the literature (57% in the United States and 27% in South Africa). Although our data confirm the high frequency of myocaditis in meningoccal disease, further investigations are necessary to elucidate the contribution of myocarditis to myocardial dysfunction observed in cases of meningococcal infection in children.

Noonan syndrome: a clinical and genetic study of 31 patients

Noonan syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. We studied 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) affected by this disorder regarding their clinical and genetic characteristics. The most frequent clinical findings were short stature (71%); craniofacial dysmorphisms, especially hypertelorism, ptosis, downslanting of the palpebral fissures; short or webbed neck (87%); cardiac anomalies (65%), and fetal pads in fingers and toes (70%). After studying the probands' first-degree relatives, we made the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome in more than one family member in three families. Therefore, the majority of our cases were sporadic.

Caracterização do regime pluviométrico da região do projeto Rio Formoso na bacia do Araguaia, to., Brasil

A caracterização do regime pluviométrico é fundamental para a tomada de decisão junto às práticas agrícolas para a safra e entresafra, no município de Formoso do Araguaia - TO. Foram obtidos dados diários de precipitação pluviométrica no período de 1981 a 1997, excluídos os anos de 1991, 1992 e 1993, totalizando 14 anos de observações. Os dados foram analisados via sistemas ANFLPLUVIE.EXE e Chuva (Assad et al, 1994). Analisou-se as precipitações médias anuais e mensais; as frequências mensais, quinzenais e decendiais em 20%, 50% e 80% de probabilidade de ocorrência e a quantificação e frequência dos veranicos. A precipitação média anual foi de 1.675,7 mm; e a precipitação média mensal do período chuvoso foi maior em dezembro (330,9 mm) e menor em abril (109,3 mm), 95,16% das chuvas na região ocorreram entre os meses de outubro a abril; em 85,71% dos anos observados, o índice pluviométrico foi superior a 1.000 mm anuais.

Cardiac findings in 31 patients with Noonan's syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiac findings in 31 Noonan syndrome patients. METHODS: Thirty-one (18 males and 13 females)patients from 26 families affected with Noonan's syndrome were evaluated from the cardiac point of view with electrocardiography and echodopplercardiography. RESULTS: Twenty patients had some type of cardiac abnormality. The most frequent was pulmonary valve stenosis followed by hypertrophic myocardiopathy, commonly associated with valve defects. Upper deviation of the QRS axis was observed in 80% of these patients. CONCLUSION: In view of the high frequency and diversity of cardiac abnormalities present in Noonan syndrome, cardiac evaluation with electrocardiography and echocardiography should be performed in all patients diagnostically suspected of having this disease.

Perfil clínico-demográfico e indicadores de qualidade da insuficiência cardíaca em uma área rural

FUNDAMENTOS: Os dados sobre insuficiência cardíaca (IC) no Brasil são provenientes de centros terciários. Esses dados não podem ser extrapolados para a população rural, pois refletem características socioeconômico-culturais distintas. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer o perfil clínico-demográfico e indicadores de qualidade da IC em área rural. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte transversal, incluindo 166 pacientes da área rural do município de Valença-RJ. Após avaliação dos dados clínicos, laboratoriais e ecocardiográficos e utilizados o teste do qui-quadrado e o exato de Fisher para a análise das proporções, assim como o teste t de Student para as variáveis numéricas, com o intuito de estabelecer as características da população. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 61±14 anos, sendo 85 (51%) homens; 88 (53%) afrobrasileiros e 85 (51%) com ICFER. Comorbidades prevalentes: HAS em 151 (91%) e síndrome metabólica (SM) em 103 (62%). Etiologias mais comuns: hipertensiva em 77 (46%), isquêmica em 62 (37%). Indicadores de qualidade na IC: 43 (26%) com ecocardiograma prévio; 102 (62%) utilizavam betabloqueador; 147 (88%) receberam IECA ou BRA; e 22% dos portadores de FA utilizavam anticoagulação oral. Na ICFEN, predominou o sexo feminino p=0,001 RC 0,32 CI (0,17-0,60); SM p=0,004 RC 0,28 CI (1,31-4,78); e etiologia hipertensiva p<0,0001 RC 6,83 CI (3,45-13,5). Na ICFER, predominou o sexo masculino p=0,001, RC 0,32 CI (0,170-0,605) e etiologia isquêmica p<0,0001 RC 0,16 CI (0,079-0,330). CONCLUSÃO: Na área rural, a IC mostra semelhanças em relação ao sexo, cor e classificação da IC. A etiologia mais comum foi a hipertensiva. A ICFEN foi mais prevalente em mulheres e na SM. A ICFER associou-se a homens e etiologia isquêmica.

Componentes minerais e orgânicos de algumas variedades de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.)

Neste trabalho foi estudada a composição de 14 variedades de feijão de mesa comumente encontrados em nosso mercado. Os teores médios encontrados foram: umidade 11,6%, proteína, 21,5%, lipídeos 1,3%, polissacarídeos 45,2% açúcares solúveis 4,7%, cinzas 3,9%. Os aminoácidos livres também identificados e dosados variaram de 610 a 1442 mg/100 g. O conteúdo médio dos macronutrientes minerais, em percentagem foram: fósforo 0,17, potássio 1,88, cálcio 0,23, magnésio 0,24 e enxofre 2,23. Os valores médios encontrados para os micronutrientes, em ppm foram: boro 24,3, zinco 47,9, cobre 17,4, molibdênio 0,11, ferro 330,8 e manganês 17,6. Houve grande variação no teor de boro (14,2 a 73,8 ppm), molibdênio (0,02 a 0,32 ppm) e ferro (167,9 a 598,6 ppm) tendo-se mantido os demais, entre limites mais estreitos. Pelos resultados encontrados o feijão foi considerado uma boa fonte de carbohidratos e minerais (macro e micronutrientes) e uma fonte relativamente boa de proteina.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of human parvovirus B19 infection in an urban area in Brazil (Niterói city area, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

This study was designed to analyse the clinical and epidemiological data from human parvovirus B19 cases in a six-year study of rash diseases conduct in an urban area in Brazil (Niterói city area, State of Rio de Janeiro). A total of 673 patients with acute rash diseases were seen at two primary health care units and at a general hospital. A clotted blood sample was collected from all subjects at the time of consultation. Forty-nine per cent (330 cases) of the patients were negative for dengue, rubella and measles IgM or for low avidity IgG to HHV-6. Of these 330, 105 (31.8%) were identified as IgM positive to parvovirus B19 by using an antibody capture EIA. During the study period, three distinct peaks of parvovirus infection were detected, suggesting that the disease appears to cycle in approximately 4-5 years. B19 infection was characterized by variable combinations of fever, flu-like symptoms, arthropathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Frequency of fever and arthropathy was substantially higher in adults, 75% [chi2 (1 D.F.) = 11.39, p = 0.0007] and 62.5% [chi2 (1 D.F.) = 29.89, p = 0.0000], respectively. "Slapped-cheek" appearance and reticular or lace-like rash were seen in only 30.1% of the children. No adult presented this typical rash. The lack of the typical rash pattern in a large proportion of parvovirus B19 and the similarity of clinical manifestations to other rash diseases, specially to rubella, highlight the difficulty of diagnosing B19 infection on clinical grounds alone.

Efficacy of benznidazol treatment for asymptomatic chagasic patients from state of Rio Grande do Sul evaluated during a three years follow-up

The efficacy of benznidazol on the treatment of chagasic patients from the state of Rio Grande do Sul was evaluated during a three-year follow-up. A cohort of 80 asymptomatic chronic chagasic patients or blood bank donors (49 male and 31 female) was studied. Their ages varied from 17-42 years, with a mean and a median of 30 and 35 years, respectively. The 80 patients presented positive serology, hemoculture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They were treated with 5 mg/Kg benznidazol twice a day for 60 days. Serological, parasitological and PCR methods were used to evaluate response. Serology was performed using commercial ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) tests, parasitemia was monitored by hemoculture in LIT medium and PCR with primers S35/S36 was used to amplify a Trypanosoma cruzi 330 bp kDNA repetitive sequence. PCR positivity of 240 seropositive individuals was compared using DNA preparations from whole blood/guanidine EDTA (GE), buffy-coat/GE and frozen buffy-coat. Fifty non-chagasic individuals were used as negative controls. PCR positivity was 86.7% for the frozen buffy-coat, 71.7% for the GE/buffy-coat and 69.2% for the GE/whole blood. The hemocultures became negative just after treatment and remained negative during the three years of follow-up. In the third year after treatment, 9/80 (11.3%) patients presented negative PCR and, from those, four also presented negative serological tests. Furthermore, a reduction in three serological titers was observed in 27/80 (33.8%) of the patients treated. Taken together, the results show that four of the 80 (5.0%) chronic chagasic patients from the state of Rio Grande do Sul were cured after treatment with benznidazol.

Carbon Stocks in Compartments of Soil Organic Matter 31 Years after Substitution of Native Cerrado Vegetation by Agroecosystems

ABSTRACT Changes in carbon stocks in different compartments of soil organic matter of a clayey Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Typic Haplustox), caused by the substitution of native savanna vegetation (cerrado sensu stricto) by agroecosystems, were assessed after 31 years of cultivation. Under native vegetation, a stock of 164.5 Mg ha-1 C was estimated in the 0.00-1.00 m layer. After 31 years of cultivation, these changes in soil C stocks were detected to a depth of 0.60 m. In the case of substitution of cerrado sensu stricto by no-tillage soybean-corn rotation, a reduction of at least 11 % of the soil C pools was observed. However, the adoption of no-tillage as an alternative to tillage with a moldboard plow (conventional system) reduced CO2 emissions by up to 12 %.

Nitrogênio e potássio via água de irrigação nas características de produção da bananeira 'Grand Naine'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do nitrogênio e do potássio, aplicados via água de irrigação por microaspersão, sobre as características de produção da bananeira, cv. Grand Naine. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de 30, 180, 300, 420 e 570 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N e de 55, 330, 550, 770 e 1.045 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K2O, e testemunha, sem adubação, totalizando onze tratamentos, de acordo com o modelo da matriz experimental de Plan Puebla III. Foram avaliadas as características: massa média de fruto, massa média de cacho e produtividade, referentes ao primeiro e segundo ciclos de produção. No primeiro e segundo ciclos, a massa média de fruto, a massa média de cacho e a produtividade foram influenciadas apenas pelas doses de potássio. Os maiores valores de massa média de fruto (253,47 g), massa média de cacho (28 kg) e produtividade (55,42 t ha-1), no primeiro ciclo, foram obtidos com a aplicação de 938,31, 665,38 e 665,27 kg ha-1 de K2O, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo, os maiores valores em relação à massa média de fruto (174, 22 g), massa média de cacho (32,04 kg) e produtividade (60,08 t ha-1) foram alcançados com a aplicação de 725,50, 907,50 e 933,33 kg ha-1 de K2O, respectivamente. Não houve resposta das características avaliadas ao nitrogênio.