Influência do sexo na evolução imediata e a médio prazo após a intervenção coronariana percutânea primária e análise dos fatores independentes de risco para óbito ou eventos

OBJETIVO: Determinar os fatores de risco para óbito e eventos e a influência do sexo na evolução intra-hospitalar e aos seis meses, de pacientes internados nas 12 horas iniciais do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) com supradesnivelamento de ST, tratados com intervenção coronariana percutânea primária. MÉTODOS: Foram considerados 199 pacientes consecutivos, entre 07/1998 e 12/2000, com IAM e sem choque cardiogênico, sendo avaliada a evolução intra-hospitalar e em seis meses. RESULTADOS: As características clínicas eram semelhantes entre os grupos, exceto que as mulheres, que eram mais idosas que os homens (67,04 ± 11,53 x 59,70 ± 10,88, p < 0,0001). A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi maior no sexo feminino (9,1% x 1,5%, p = 0,0171), assim como a incidência de eventos maiores (12,1% x 3,0%, p = 0,0026). A diferença de mortalidade persistia em seis meses (12,1% x 1,5%, p = 0,0026). Na análise multivariada predisseram óbito: sexo feminino e octogenários e eventos e/ou angina estável: doença multiarterial e disfunção ventricular grave. CONCLUSÃO: Sexo feminino e octogenários foram fatores independentes relacionados à mortalidade seis meses após a intervenção coronariana percutânea primária.

Immunological and biochemical parameters of patients with metabolic syndrome and the participation of oxidative and nitroactive stress

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease involving inflammatory activity and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the changes in lipoperoxidation, in immunological and biochemical parameters and nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) levels in MS patients. Fifty patients with MS (4 males/46 females) and 50 controls (3 males/47 females) were studied. Compared to control (Mann-Whitney test), MS patients presented higher serum levels (P < 0.05) of fibrinogen: 314 (185-489) vs 262 (188-314) mg/dL, C-reactive protein (CRP): 7.80 (1.10-46.50) vs 0.70 (0.16-5.20) mg/dL, interleukin-6: 3.96 (3.04-28.18) vs 3.33 (2.55-9.63) pg/mL, uric acid: 5.45 (3.15-9.65) vs 3.81 (2.70-5.90) mg/dL, and hydroperoxides: 20,689 (19,076-67,182) vs 18,636 (15,926-19,731) cpm. In contrast, they presented lower (P < 0.05) adiponectin: 7.11 (3.19-18.22) vs 12.31 (9.11-27.27) µg/mL, and NOx levels: 5.69 (2.36-8.18) vs 6.72 (5.14-12.43) µM. NOx was inversely associated (Spearman’s rank correlation) with body mass index (r = -0.2858, P = 0.0191), insulin resistance determined by the homeostasis model assessment (r = -0.2530, P = 0.0315), CRP (r = -0.2843, P = 0.0171) and fibrinogen (r = -0.2464, P = 0.0413), and positively correlated with hydroperoxides (r = 0.2506, P = 0.0408). In conclusion, NOx levels are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The high uric acid levels together with reactive oxygen species generation may be responsible for the reduced NO levels, which in turn lead to endothelial dysfunction. The elevated plasma chemiluminescence reflecting both increased plasma oxidation and reduced antioxidant capacity may play a role in the MS mechanism.