35 resultados para |Co x|[Si yAl]-MFI
em Scielo Saúde Pública - SP
Resumo:
|Cu x|[Si yAl]-MFI and |Co x|[Si yAl]-MFI catalysts were prepared by ion exchange from |Na|[Si yAl]-MFI zeolites (y = 12, 25 and 45). The activity of the catalysts was evaluated in the reduction of NO to N2 in an oxidative atmosphere using propane or methane as reducing agents. The Cu catalysts were only active with propane and they presented higher activity than the Co-based catalysts, the latter being active with both hydrocarbons. H2-TPR and DRS-UV/Vis data allowed correlation between the activity towards NO reduction and the presence of cationic charge-compensating species in the zeolite. It was also verified that the hydrocarbons are preferentially oxidised by O2, a reaction that occurs simultaneously with their oxidation with NO.
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O Si no elemento essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, porm sua absoro pode trazer inmeros benefcios para culturas acumuladoras de Si, como o arroz. Entretanto, considerando o avanado grau de intemperizao em que se encontram os solos tropicais, os teores de Si disponvel nestes solos so baixos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, na cultura do arroz de terras altas sob condies de tnel plstico, o efeito de doses de Si e de N na produo de matria seca, na produtividade de gros, no teor de N, nos teores de Si no solo e na planta e na quantidade de Si extrado do solo. Os tratamentos foram constitudos por trs doses de N (5, 75 e 150 mg kg-1 de N), tendo como fonte a uria e quatro doses de Si (0, 200, 400 e 600 mg kg-1 de SiO2) tendo como fonte o silicato de clcio (Wollastonita). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com cinco repeties. O acmulo de matria seca, a produtividade de gros e os teores de N na planta no foram influenciados pelas doses de Si. O incremento da adubao nitrogenada aumentou a produo de matria seca, a produtividade de gros e o teor de N na planta, porm nenhum efeito foi encontrado para os teores de Si no solo. Houve interao N x Si para os teores de Si na planta e para a quantidade de Si acumulado pelas plantas.
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The series of compounds cis-[Fe(CO)4(HgX)2], X=Cl,Br,I shows an octahedral geometry around the iron atom with the two HgX groups cis to each other. In this paper the assignment for the carbonyl stretching modes and the calculation of their force constants were performed on the basis of the Cotton-Krainhanzel model. Taking into account all the data from the IR, 199Hg NMR and UV-vis spectra it is possible to verify the influence of X on the electronic densities at the metallic centers.
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LaNiO3 perovskite was modified by partial substitution of nickel by cobalt in order to increase the stability and resistance to carbon deposition during the methane CO2 reforming. The results showed that a suitable combination of precipitation and calcination steps resulted in oxides with the desired structure and with important properties for application in heterogeneous catalysis. The partial substitution of Ni by Co resulted in lower rates of conversion of both the reactants, but the catalyst stability was highly increased. The LaNi0.3Co0.7O3 catalyst, calcined at 800 C, was the most active under the reaction conditions.
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We report the single-step derivatization reaction of a biopolymer based onL -lysine with D -biotin analogs:Co -poly(L -lysine)-graft-(ε-N -[X-D-biotinyl]-L -lysine) (PLL-X-Biotin). The valeric acid carboxylate of D -biotin is activated to an NHS ester for direct modification of amine groups in proteins and other macromolecules. NHS esters react by nucleophilic attack of an amine in the carbonyl group, releasing the NHS group, and forming a stable amide linkage. NHS-X-Biotin is the simplest biotinylation reagent commercially available. In contrast withD -biotin, it has a longer spacer arm off the valeric acid side chain allowing better binding potential for avidin or streptavidin probes. Derivatization of poly(L -lysine) (PLL) with NHS-X-Biotin led to a copolymer PLL-X-Biotin. UV-Visible, IR-FT and 1H NMR characteristics derived from synthesis are briefly discussed.
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Heterobimetallic carbonyl compounds of the type [Fe(CO)4(HgX)2] (X= Cl, Br, I), which have metal-metal bonds, have been prepared in order to study their thermal stabilities as a function of the halogen coordinated to mercury atoms. The characterization of the above complexes was carried out by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopies. Their thermal behaviour has been investigated and the final product was identified by IR spectroscopy and by X-ray powder diffractogram.
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A regionalizao de uma cultura agrcola estratgia utilizada para minimizar efeitos da interao gentipo x ambiente. Esta abordagem baseia-se em resultados de experimentos conduzidos em diversos locais e anos, cuja anlise estatstica apresenta dificuldades originadas de estrutura de dados incompleta e heterogeneidade da varincia do erro experimental. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a magnitude e a natureza da interao gentipo x ambiente e a possibilidade de estratificao das regies de cultivo do feijo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram considerados dados do Ensaio Estadual de Feijo, conduzido em 24 locais durante oito anos. Foram procedidas anlises conjuntas, para cada ano, de dois subconjuntos de quatro anos e do conjunto dos oito anos, e anlises de agrupamento, utilizando metodologia que contorna aquelas dificuldades da anlise estatstica. Os resultados das anlises conjuntas anuais revelaram alta significncia da interao gentipo x local. Essa interao tambm foi significativa no conjunto dos oito anos, mas no significativa nos dois subconjuntos de quatro anos. A interao gentipo x local x ano foi altamente significativa nesses trs subconjuntos de anos. A anlise de agrupamento, baseada nos oito anos, constituiu subregies incoerentes com as subregies formadas pelas anlises anuais, que tambm foram inconsistentes entre si. Esses resultados indicaram inadequabilidade da regionalizao do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
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Alguns procedimentos descritos na literatura (ultrasom, gua destilada, NaOH, TRITON x 100 e congelamento-descongelamenao) foram avaliados determinando o melhor extrato antignico para a reao de hemaglutinao indireta (RHI) no diagnstico sorolgico da doena de Chagas. Para isso, foram ensaiados 30 soros de indivduos chagsicos e 30 soros de indivduos no chagsicos. A reao de imuno-fluorescncia indireta foi considerada como reao de referncia no clculo dos indices de co-positividade (i.c.p.) e co-negatividade (i.cn.). O valor do i.c.p, para a RHI com antgeno obtido por NaOH foi mais elevado do que para os outros antgenos. Os cinco antgenos apresentaram valores mximos para o i.cn., indicando boa especificdade. Os ttulos apresentados pelos soros chagsicos com antgeno obtido por NaOH foram, significativamente, superiores aos demais antgenos. A avaliao de cinco partidas de antgeno extradas por NaOH em pocas diversas indicam boa sensibilidade, especificidade e reprodutibilidade de resultados, traduzidas pelos valores elevados para os i.c.p. e i.cn., alm de ttulos prximos entre si.
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Foram pesquisados 7 municpios do Estado, sendo o maior nmero de amostras colhido em Russas, Morada Nova, Quixad e Iracema. Foram feitas provas de precipitina com anti-soros de gato, co, ave, cabra, roedor, marsupial e homem. De 1.205 provas realizadas, 392 apresentaram prova positiva (32,5%). Apresentaram 79,3% uma s fonte alimentar, 19,4% duas, 1% trs e 3% quatro. Os resultados foram os seguintes:
Resumo:
INTRODUO: O impacto da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa na progresso da fibrose heptica em pacientes co-infectados com HIV e hepatite C no est totalmente esclarecido. Marcadores no-invasivos de fibrose heptica podem ser considerados promissores no estadiamento e na monitorizao da sua evoluo. MTODOS: Um total de 24 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: 12 monoinfectados por HIV e 12 co-infectados com HIV e HCV foram acompanhados de julho de 2008 a agosto de 2009, desde o incio de HAART, a cada trs meses, com avaliao de dados clnicos, epidemiolgicos e laboratoriais, assim como o clculo do ndice da relao aspartato aminotransferase sobre plaquetas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a progresso de APRI, marcador no-invasivo de fibrose heptica, entre populaes portadoras do vrus do HIV e co-infectados com HIV e HCV. RESULTADOS: Os grupos estudados no mostraram diferenas quando avaliados idade, sexo, medida de CD4 e carga viral para HIV em todas visitas, tipo de HAART e APRI antes do incio de HAART. O grupo de pacientes co-infectados com HIV e HCV apresentava APRI significativamente maior que o grupo de monoinfectados por HIV no terceiro (0,57 + 0,31 x 0,27 + 0,05, p = 0,02) e sexto ms (0,93 + 0,79 x 0,28 + 0,11, p = 0,04). CONCLUSES: Neste estudo, HAART foi associado com aumento de APRI no terceiro e sexto ms de seguimento nos pacientes co-infectados, sugerindo que nestes pode estar ocorrendo hepatotoxicidade cumulativa e sndrome inflamatria da reconstituio imune aps incio dos antirretrovirais.
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This paper describes the data obtained for the growth of sugar cane, Variety Co 419, and the amount and rate of absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and silicon, according to the age of the plant, in the soil and climate conditions of the state of S. Paulo, Brazil. An experiment was installed in the Estao Experimental de Cana de Acar "Dr. Jos Vizioli", at Piracicaba, state of S. Paulo, Brazil, and the soil "trra-roxa misturada" presented the following composition: Sand (more than 0,2 mm)........................................................................ 8.40 % Fine sand (from 0,2 to less than 0,02 mm)................................................. 24.90 % Silt (from 0,02 to less than 0,002 mm)...................................................... 16.40 % Clay (form 0,002 mm and less)................................................................ 50.20 % pH 10 g of soil and 25 ml of distilled water)..................................................... 5.20 %C (g of carbon per 100 g of soil)................................................................. 1.00 %N (g of nitrogen per 100 g of soil)............................................................... 0.15 P0(4)- (me. per 100 g of soil, soluble in 0,05 normal H2SO4) ............................... 0.06 K+ (exchangeable, me. per 100 g of soil)....... 0.18 Ca+ (exchangeable, me. per 100 g of soil)...... 2.00 Mg+ (exchangeable, me. per 100 g of soil)...... 0.66 The monthly rainfall and mean temperature from January 1956 to August 1957 are presented in Table 1, in Portuguese. The experiment consisted of 3 replications of the treatments: without fertilizer and with fertilizer (40 Kg of N, from ammonium sulfate; 100 Kg of P(2)0(5) from superphosphate and 40 Kg K2 O, from potassium chloride). Four complete stools (stalks and leaves) were harvested from each treatment, and the plants separated in stalks and leaves, weighed, dried and analysed every month from 6 up to 15 months of age. The data obtained for fresh and dry matter production are presented in table 2, and in figure land 2, in Portuguese. The curves for fresh and dry matter production showed that fertilized and no fertilized sugar cane with 6 months of age presents only 5% of its total weight at 15 months of age. The most intense period of growth in this experiment is located, between 8 and 12 months of age, that is between December 1956 and April 1957. The dry matter production of sugar cane with 8 and 12 months of age was, respectively, 12,5% and 87,5% of the total weight at 15 months of age. The growth of sugar cane in relation to its age follows a sigmoid curve, according to the figures 1, 2 and 3. The increase of dry matter production promoted by using fertilizer was 62,5% when sugar cane was 15 months of age. The concentration of the elements (tables 4 and 5 in Portuguese) present a general trend of decreasing as the cane grows older. In the stalks this is true for all elements studied in this experiment. But in the leaves, somme elements, like sulfur and silicon, appears to increase with the increasing of age. Others, like calcium and magnesium do not show large variations, and finally a third group, formed by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium seems to decrease at the beginning and later presents a light increasing. The concentration of the elements was higher in the leaves than in the stalks from 6 up to 15 months of age. There were some exceptions. Potassium, magnesium and sulfur were higher in the stalks than in the leaves from 6 up to 8 or 9 months of age. After 9 months, the leaves presented more potassium, magnesium and sulfur than the stalks. The percentage of nitrogen in the leaves was lower in the plants that received fertilizer than in the plants without fertilizer with 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 months of age. This can be explained by "dilution effect". The uptake of elements by 4 stools (stalks and leaves) of sugar cane according to the plant age is showed in table 6, in Portuguese. The absorption of all studied elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and silicon, was higher in plants that received fertilizer. The trend of uptake of nitrogen and potassium is similar to the trend of production of dry matter, that is, the maximum absorption of those two nutrients occurs between 9 and 13 months of age. Finaly, the maxima amounts of elements absorbed by 4 stools (stalks and leaves) of sugar cane plants that received fertilizer are condensed in the following table: Element Maximum absorption in grams Age of the plants in months Nitrogen (N) 81.0 14 Phosphorus (P) 6.8 15 Potassium (K) 81.5 15 Calcium (Ca) 19.2 15 Magnesium (Mg) 13.9 13 Sulfur (S) 9.3 15 Silicon (Si) 61.8 15 It is very interesting to note the low absorption of phosphorus even with 100 kg of P2O5 per hectare, aplied as superphosphate. The uptake of phosphorus was lower than calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Also, it is noteworthy the large amount of silicon absorbed by sugar cane.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a estratificao de ambientes de cultivo de milho nos Estados do Paran, Minas Gerais e Bahia, por diferentes mtodos, bem como determinar o grau de associao e divergncia entre os mtodos de estratificao. Foram avaliados quatro mtodos: o tradicional de Lin; o de dissimilaridade ambiental; o de decomposio da interao gentipo x ambiente (GxA) em partes simples e complexa; e o de anlise de fatores. Esses mtodos foram aplicados a 48 hbridos experimentais de milho, avaliados em 11 ambientes de cultivo nos trs Estados, divididos em dois conjuntos de experimentos. Alm dos hbridos, foram avaliadas seis cultivares comerciais, utilizadas como testemunhas, comuns aos dois conjuntos. Verificou-se a predominncia de interao GxA do tipo complexa. A decomposio da interao GxA em partes simples e complexa e a anlise de fatores so mtodos fortemente associados entre si, mas moderadamente associados aos demais. Alm disso, esses mtodos so mais rigorosos no processo de estratificao ambiental e ponderam de maneira mais eficiente a magnitude da interao GxA.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contribuio do uso de classes de cultivares com e sem interao gentipo x ambiente, na qualidade da anlise conjunta de ensaios de milho, quanto produtividade de gros. Foram usados dados de produtividade de gros de milho de 99 ensaios, distribudos em 12 grupos, cada um com as mesmas cultivares, em diferentes ambientes. Em cada grupo, 9 a 40 cultivares foram avaliadas em 5 a 12 ambientes, durante trs anos agrcolas. Para cada grupo, foi realizada anlise de varincia conjunta e cada cultivar foi testada quanto a sua contribuio para a interao, tendo-se formado duas classes de cultivares: CI, que contribuem para a interao com o ambiente; e SI, que no contribuem para a interao com o ambiente. Para cada classe, realizou-se nova anlise de varincia conjunta e testou-se a contribuio da cultivar para a interao. A classificao das cultivares quanto a sua contribuio para a interao gentipo x ambiente permite realizar anlise conjunta para cada classe de cultivares, com melhor acurcia na comparao das mdias das cultivares da classe SI e na anlise da interao das cultivares da classe CI.
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This paper describes the development and characterisation of Ni-Co coatings to be used as anodes in water electrolysis. Chemical oxidation of the surface was performed through thermal treatment at 400C for 10 h. The resulting surfaces were analysed by X-ray diffraction, EDX, SEM, cyclic voltammetry and constant current electrolysis. The electrochemical oxidation occurring on bare surfaces during electrolysis promotes the formation of thick oxide layers resulting in loss of activity. In oxidised surfaces the chemical Ni-Co oxide grown during the thermal treatment prevents further oxidation thus retaining their activity towards oxygen evolution. An optimum condition for the growth of mixed oxide with high activity was found for the bath containing 50 g L-1 CoSO4.
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Chloride poisoning is known as having an inhibitor effect in the activity of metal catalysis. In this work in situ infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of adsorbed carbon monoxide and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to investigate the effect of chloride presence in the electronic metal density in the d subshell of palladium dispersed on alumina. The chloride poisoning effect was interpreted as an electronic effect since a weak back-bonded Pd-CO was formed due to the decrease in the electronic density of the d subshell of palladium, which could be also detected by the higher Pd 3d5/2 binding energy in the chloride presence. A similar poisoning effect was also observed for chloride free Pd/Al2O3 reduced at 500 C, and it was interpreted based on the interaction of metal with the alumina surface. The use of molybdena/alumina binary system as support, yield a contrary effect due to the metal-support interaction.