Presença e visibilidade da literatura hispanófona em quatro revistas brasileiras de biblioteconomia, documentação e ciência da informação: análise de citação

Análise de citação de quatro revistas brasileiras de biblioteconomia, documentação e ciência de informação no período de 1990 a 2006, visando a detectar a presença da literatura da área publicada e citada em espanhol. Destaca a revista Ciência da Informação como a mais produtiva de artigos e citações e a Espanha responsável pelo maior número de artigos publicado. Pelo pouco uso da literatura espanófona como base para a produção do conhecimento brasileiro e pelo elevado número de artigos de autoria individual, conclui-se que não há equipe de pesquisadores trabalhando em cooperação na América do Sul.

Narrativas de histórias: um estudo preliminar na gestão de projetos de tecnologia da informação

Narrativas de histórias é uma técnica de gestão do conhecimento para compartilhamento de experiências, pensamentos e valores no ambiente organizacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o emprego de narrativas de histórias para transpor as barreiras que se interpõem ao sucesso de projetos de tecnologia de informação (TI). Como resultado, apresenta-se uma proposta de emprego de narrativas de histórias para facilitar o gerenciamento de projetos na área da TI.

Sobre a natureza da tecnologia da informação

Este artigo é uma reflexão sobre a natureza da tecnologia da informação, seu papel nos constructos humanos e seu relacionamento com a natureza. Propõe uma nova abordagem na hierarquia do conhecimento (DIKW) pela introdução de três conceitos de informação: sintática, semântica e pragmática. A mesma taxonomia é aplicada para a tecnologia. Disto resulta outra taxonomia: tecnologias sintáticas, tecnologias semânticas e tecnologias pragmáticas.

Uma visão arquivística sobre os documentos fotográficos referentes ao decanato de ensino de graduação presentes no acervo do Centro de Documentação da Universidade de Brasília

O Centro de Documentação da Universidade de Brasília (Cedoc) é um órgão de assessoramento da administração superior da Universidade. Tem por finalidade recolher, preservar e garantir o acesso aos documentos arquivísticos de valor permanente, produzidos e acumulados pelas áreas meio e fim da UNB, bem como aos bens culturais e históricos, constituindo instrumento de apoio à administração, à cultura, à história e ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. O artigo está limitado às fotografias oriundas do Decanato de Ensino de Graduação (DEG), constantes do acervo, verificando a adequação do tratamento desse material às diretrizes teórico-metodológicas da arquivologia. Foi percebido que o sistema configura-se de maneira a privilegiar o conteúdo das imagens, ao contrário do que se espera de um arquivo, onde o contexto arquivístico deveria ser ponto primordial para a organização e descrição das fotografias.

Alguns aspectos da política nacional de ciência e tecnologia

The Brazilian industrialisation process, which occurred from World War II up to the early eighties, was almost totally based on imported technology and has thus not demanded local S&T capability. National S&T expenditures were limited to 0.7 % of the GNP, covering mainly expenses with basic research and training of scientists and engineers. Federal Government was then responsible for 90% of the national S&T expenditures. The globalisation of the economy, associated with the reduction of tariff barriers, has, since the early nineties, exposed Brazilian industries to international competition and, thus, forced them to invest in research and development. S&T policy fosters research activities, provides research infrastructure and human resources training. The goal is to raise national expenditures to 1.5% of GDP by 1999, with a share of the private sector of about 40%. In 1996, national S&T expenditures have already attained 1.1% of the GDP and private sector investments in this area reached a share of 30%.

Implementação da comunicação visual e procedimentos de conservação da obra Chemical Abstracts - Uma experiência da divisão de Biblioteca e documentação do conjunto das Químicas/USP

This paper proposes a model for visual communication, conservation, and maintenance of the collection "Chemical Abstracts". It describes the various steps for its implementation and makes considerations about the whole reference work.

Tecnologia de células a combustível

The fuel cell principle was discovered by Sir Grove 150 years ago. However material problems prohibited its commercialization for a long time. A change has been occurring during the last 30 years, so two types of fuel cell technologies can be distinguished: low and high temperature operation cells. Nowadays, only phosphoric acid cells are commercially offered as 200 kWel power plants. Membrane cells are more suitable for automobile electrotraction with a very low (or no) environmental impact. The fuel continues, however, to play a very particular role, since hydrogen is not easy to store and to transport. The more promising target is the utilization of liquid methanol. The Brazilian scenario concerning this kind of technology is discussed.

Glauber, Thurneisser e outros. Tecnologia química e química fina, conceitos não tão novos assim

Chemical Technology and Fine Chemicals, in the sense we understand them, go back not to Leblanc's soda production process, as many historians of Science and chemists suggest, but to the XVIIth Century, with the "technological" activities of Glauber and others; the Paracelsian Thurneisser can be seen as the first to produce "fine chemicals".

Mulheres em ciência e tecnologia: ascensão limitada

In contemporary times, women can choose freely to enter any professional field. Along the way they come across stumbling blocks that make their progress difficult. Most of these difficulties are not gender-specific, yet women encounter them more consistently than do men. It is remarkably true for the areas of Science and Technology. However, it is not straightforward to evaluate and to obtain an accurate measure of the effects of gender bias. The factors and consequences associated with the phenomena are multiple, with many shades of regionalism as we look at different countries. Despite of the absence of detailed studies regarding the situation in Brazil, it seems unlikely we would be an exception to a world pattern. In this article, some causes as well as current actions around the world to fight gender bias are presented.

Tecnologia dos nanotubos de carbono: tendências e perspectivas de uma área multidisciplinar

An overview of the properties of carbon nanotubes is presented as a function of the structural characteristics and of the method of synthesis of these novel advanced materials. Emphasis is given to the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons over metal-supported catalysts and also the role of the support in obtaining homogeneous carbon nanotubes in high yelds is discussed. Some potential and real applications of carbon nanotubes are presented in a perspective view.

A tecnologia da reciclagem de polímeros

Solid municipal waste contains a large volume of polymers and its final disposal is a serious environmental problem. Consequently, the recycling of the principal polymers present in the solid waste is an alternative. In this review we describe the mechanical and chemical recycling of polymers and the energy recovery from plastic wastes. Polymer recycling involves not only the development of processing technologies, but also the solution of many chemical and analytical problems. The technological, economical and social aspects of polymer recycling are also considered.

Separação de CO2 por meio da tecnologia PSA

This paper describes the separation of CO2 from a gas mixture containing 25% CO2, 4% O2 and 71% N2 using the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technique. The adsorbent selected was the zeolite 13X due to its great adsorption capacity for CO2 and selectivity towards the other components of the gas mixture. The experimental technique was designed to identify the most important variables for the process and to optimize it. It is shown that the PSA technique can be used to separate CO2 from O2 and N2 to obtain an effluent containing 2% CO2 with 99% separation efficiency.

Aplicação da tecnologia de eletrofloculação na recuperação do corante índigo blue a partir de efluentes industriais

The indigo blue dye is widely used in the textile industry. When discarded, besides polluting the environment, it affects the appearance and transparency of aquatic bodies, causing damage to flora and fauna. The removal of this dye from industrial effluents is difficult due to its resistance towards degradation. This work proposes the recovery of indigo blue by electroflocculation, as a subsidy for the treatment of effluents from the jeans industry.

O Quadrante de Ruetsap e a anti-ciência, tecnologia e inovação

The concept of research and the controversy among classical models for C, T & I, outdated by the development of knowledge and Post-modern society needs were revisited through the (3) Quadrants advanced by Donald Stokes in the mid-nineties. The scientific community to fit into these Quadrants was faced with many difficulties and reacted by issuing pseudo-facts, accepted by under-prepared technocrats as viable justifications for conducting research in face of these new paradigms. In a poor country full of contrast and needs such as Brazil, this attitude satisfies the bureaucracy and academic elite, but frustrates government and society, that do not get, in the expected measure, the benefits of their commitment with the Teaching, Research and Extension Sectors mainly embedded in the Public University system. An extension, in fact a contradictory approach, to Pasteur's Quadrant, is proposed to characterize this situation: The Syndrome of Ruetsap's Quadrant.

A importância do observatório de atividades industriais vis-à-vis tendências em ciência, tecnologia e inovação

Given that innovation is fundamental for competitiveness, and that it is intrinsically linked to knowledge, it has become essential to foster effective interaction between the Brazilian productive sector and universities and R&D centers. This interface should be created by means of the model used in developed countries: Observatory of Industrial Activities and Trends in Science, Technology and Innovation. The present work describes its main functions, using examples of activities undertaken by the Chemical Industry Information System of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro related to production systems of primary and high-tech industries, examining the diffusion of knowledge to decision-makers.