212 resultados para Grupos co-operativos


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OBJETIVO: Comparar perfil clínico e cirúrgico entre dois grupos de pacientes submetidos a Cirurgia de Revascularização Miocárdica (CRM) no Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, com intervalo de 10 anos; observar sua influência na mortalidade hospitalar e verificar previsibilidade deste resultado mediante escore de risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, envolvendo 307 pacientes submetidos a CRM isolada em período semestral de 1991/92 (grupo INICIAL, n=153) ou 2001/02 (grupo ATUAL, n=154). Foram analisados características demográficas, doenças cardíacas, co-morbidades e eventos operatórios, visando à comparação entre grupos e definição do escore de risco de morte hospitalar (conforme Cleveland Clinic). RESULTADOS: O grupo ATUAL tinha idade mais avançada, condição cardíaca mais grave (classe funcional, prevalência de insuficiência cardíaca e número de vasos com lesão severa) e maior prevalência de co-morbidades. Os pacientes iniciais mostraram maior prevalência na indicação cirúrgica de urgência. Não ocorreu diferença no escore médio de risco calculado para ambos os grupos (2,8 + 3,1 no INICIAL e 2,2 + 2,5 no ATUAL) ou na mortalidade hospitalar (respectivamente 3,3% e 1,9%), valores comparáveis com os comunicados pela Cleveland Clinic (para escore de risco 3, mortalidade prevista de 2,0 %, com limite de confiança 95% de 0-4,3% e mortalidade real em estudo de confirmação de 3,4%). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes atualmente submetidos a CRM são mais idosos e em pior condição clínica (cardíaca e sistêmica) que os operados há 10 anos, mas a pontuação no escore de risco e a mortalidade hospitalar foram discretamente aumentadas no grupo inicial. Para isto, pode ter contribuído maior prevalência de cirurgias de urgência. Um escore de risco pode ser utilizado para identificar pacientes que requerem maiores cuidados e predizer o resultado cirúrgico.

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FUNDAMENTO: O exercício físico aeróbico é importante aliado no combate aos fatores de risco cardiovascular. No entanto, os efeitos de exercícios de alta intensidade sobre tais fatores ainda são pouco conhecidos. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos de protocolos de exercícios aeróbico e anaeróbico sobre fatores associados ao risco cardíaco. MÉTODOS: Vinte e dois indivíduos com idade média de 40±8 anos foram alocados nos grupos: controle (CO), treinamento de endurance (ET) e treinamento intermitente (IT). Os protocolos tiveram duração de 12 semanas, três vezes por semana; e intensidades de 10% abaixo e 20% acima do limiar anaeróbico (LAn). Foram medidas: massa corporal total (MCT), índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferências de cintura (CINT) e quadril (QUA) e a composição corporal, além das concentrações plasmáticas de glicose (GLI), colesterol total (CHO) e triglicérides (TG); ainda foram calculados a razão cintura-quadril (PCCQ) e o índice de conicidade (Índice C). RESULTADOS: As variáveis de MCT, IMC, CINT, GLI e a composição corporal apresentaram alterações significativas nos grupos ET e IT. Os valores de CHO e QUA foram significativamente reduzidos no grupo ET, enquanto a PCCQ mostrou redução significativa no grupo IT. O LAn e o índice C, no grupo IT foram significativamente diferentes em relação a ET. CONCLUSÃO: Tendo em vista as diferenças encontradas nas respostas das variáveis estudadas, em razão do treinamento empregado, concluímos que um programa de exercício que contemple atividades de alta e baixa intensidades seja mais completo para garantir a redução de maior número de variáveis de risco cardíaco.

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FUNDAMENTO: A ressonância magnética é um método eficaz para estudo da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, pela ressonância magnética, os parâmetros de função sistólica, perfusão e viabilidade miocárdica em pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, comparando os grupos com e sem obstrução na via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo. MÉTODO: Vinte e um pacientes com diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica realizaram estudos de função, viabilidade e perfusão miocárdica nas fases de estresse e de repouso pela ressonância magnética. RESULTADOS: Os segmentos ventriculares mais comprometidos pela hipertrofia foram os da região septal. O grupo obstrutivo apresentou distribuição segmentar de espessura miocárdica semelhante ao não-obstrutivo, porém com maiores médias que o primeiro grupo. A média da fração de ejeção dos pacientes do grupo obstrutivo foi maior que o grupo não-obstrutivo, enquanto as médias dos volumes sistólico e diastólico finais foram menores no grupo obstrutivo. Houve correlação positiva entre a espessura segmentar do ventrículo e a massa segmentar do realce tardio. A indução de estresse determinou aumento do número de segmentos com alteração de perfusão e essa alteração foi mais evidente no grupo obstrutivo. CONCLUSÃO: Os segmentos ventriculares com maior espessura são os septais. As regiões hipertróficas estão associadas à maior extensão de realce tardio. Houve correlação positiva entre as áreas de hipertrofia ventricular e perfusão miocárdica alterada, e esses achados foram mais evidentes no grupo obstrutivo.

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Existe um aumento no conjunto de pacientes que utilizam a internet em busca de informações que possam melhorar suas condições de saúde. Nele, distinguem-se pacientes que procuram ambientes virtuais para expor experiências, dúvidas, opiniões, emoções e inclusive criar relacionamentos visando dar ou receber apoio. Nesse sentido, há uma crescente necessidade de estudar como estes ambientes podem repercutir na saúde dos pacientes. Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar na literatura científica estudos sobre a proliferação e impacto das comunidades virtuais conhecidas como Redes Sociais de Saúde ou Grupos de Suporte Online, voltados para doenças cardiovasculares, que podem ser úteis aos pacientes com determinadas doenças, permitindo-lhes obter informação e apoio emocional. Para o levantamento bibliográfico, foi realizada revisão sistemática da literatura com artigos publicados entre 2007-2012, nas bases de dados PubMed, Association for Computing Machinery e Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer, que se encontram relacionados com o tema proposto, e foram selecionados quatro artigos, segundo os critérios de inclusão dos métodos. Os resultados encontrados revelam dados interessantes, relevantes segundo o aspecto de saúde, os quais podem trazer alguns benefícios terapêuticos, destacando: provisão de suporte emocional, maior adesão ao tratamento, compartilhamento de informação sobre as doenças e obtenção de experiências de vida.

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AbstractBackground:One of the most important thyroid hormone targets is the cardiovascular system. Hemodynamic changes, such as decreased resting heart rate (HR), myocardial contractility, and cardiac output, and increased diastolic pressure and systemic vascular resistance, have been observed in hypothyroid patients. Moreover, in these patients, ECG changes include sinus bradycardia and low voltage complexes (P waves or QRS complexes).Objective:This study aimed at evaluating the prophylactic effect of apelin on HR changes and QRS voltage that occur in propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats.Method:In this study, 48 adult male Wistar rats weighing 170-235g were randomly divided into 6 groups: Control group (normal saline ip injection + tap water gavage); P group (PTU 0.05%, in drinking water); A group (apelin 200 µg.kg-1.day-1, ip); PA group [co-administration of PTU and apelin]; PT group [co-administration of PTU + T4 (0.2 mg/g per day, gavage)]; and PAT group (co-administration of PTU, apelin and T4). All experiments were performed for 28 consecutive days, and then the animals were anesthetized with an ip injection of ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (12 mg/kg). Lead II electrocardiogram was recorded to calculate HR and QRS voltage.Results:Heart rate and QRS voltage increased more significantly in the hypothyroid group that consumed both apelin and T4 (201 ± 4 beat/min, 0.71 ± 0.02 mv vs. hypothyroid 145 ± 9 beat/min, 0.563 ± 0.015 mv; respectively).Conclusion:The co-administration of apelin and T4 showed a protective effect on QRS voltage and HR in PTU‑induced hypothyroid rats.

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Considering the economic importance of the sugar industry among ourselves, the authors carried out a field experiment (Latin square) with Co 290 sugar cane, on a white sandy soil of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, applying NaCl in increasing rates (from 6.8 to 54.5 grams per plant), in order to study the effects of chlorides, on productivity and on the composition of juice. No toxic or stimulating effect was found, and there was no change in yield, in degree of purity of the juice, in general aspect of plants or in colour of leaves and culms. No difference was observed between potassium sulphate or chloride, as source of potash for sugar cane culture. Data collected and the literature cited suggest: (a) that the use of the variety Co 290 is indicated for soils rich in chlorine, such as the saline soils of the North-east and Atlantic Coast of Brazil; (b) that it is necessary to extend studies in Research Institutes and Agricultural Experiment Stations of the country to verify the behaviour of other varieties of sugar cane in the types of soils mentioned, especially with respect their yielding capacity. The authors are already planning such investigations.

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This paper describes the data obtained for the growth of sugar cane, Variety Co 419, and the amount and rate of absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and silicon, according to the age of the plant, in the soil and climate conditions of the state of S. Paulo, Brazil. An experiment was installed in the Estação Experimental de Cana de Açúcar "Dr. José Vizioli", at Piracicaba, state of S. Paulo, Brazil, and the soil "tèrra-roxa misturada" presented the following composition: Sand (more than 0,2 mm)........................................................................ 8.40 % Fine sand (from 0,2 to less than 0,02 mm)................................................. 24.90 % Silt (from 0,02 to less than 0,002 mm)...................................................... 16.40 % Clay (form 0,002 mm and less)................................................................ 50.20 % pH 10 g of soil and 25 ml of distilled water)..................................................... 5.20 %C (g of carbon per 100 g of soil)................................................................. 1.00 %N (g of nitrogen per 100 g of soil)............................................................... 0.15 P0(4)-³ (me. per 100 g of soil, soluble in 0,05 normal H2SO4) ............................... 0.06 K+ (exchangeable, me. per 100 g of soil)....... 0.18 Ca+² (exchangeable, me. per 100 g of soil)...... 2.00 Mg+² (exchangeable, me. per 100 g of soil)...... 0.66 The monthly rainfall and mean temperature from January 1956 to August 1957 are presented in Table 1, in Portuguese. The experiment consisted of 3 replications of the treatments: without fertilizer and with fertilizer (40 Kg of N, from ammonium sulfate; 100 Kg of P(2)0(5) from superphosphate and 40 Kg K2 O, from potassium chloride). Four complete stools (stalks and leaves) were harvested from each treatment, and the plants separated in stalks and leaves, weighed, dried and analysed every month from 6 up to 15 months of age. The data obtained for fresh and dry matter production are presented in table 2, and in figure land 2, in Portuguese. The curves for fresh and dry matter production showed that fertilized and no fertilized sugar cane with 6 months of age presents only 5% of its total weight at 15 months of age. The most intense period of growth in this experiment is located, between 8 and 12 months of age, that is between December 1956 and April 1957. The dry matter production of sugar cane with 8 and 12 months of age was, respectively, 12,5% and 87,5% of the total weight at 15 months of age. The growth of sugar cane in relation to its age follows a sigmoid curve, according to the figures 1, 2 and 3. The increase of dry matter production promoted by using fertilizer was 62,5% when sugar cane was 15 months of age. The concentration of the elements (tables 4 and 5 in Portuguese) present a general trend of decreasing as the cane grows older. In the stalks this is true for all elements studied in this experiment. But in the leaves, somme elements, like sulfur and silicon, appears to increase with the increasing of age. Others, like calcium and magnesium do not show large variations, and finally a third group, formed by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium seems to decrease at the beginning and later presents a light increasing. The concentration of the elements was higher in the leaves than in the stalks from 6 up to 15 months of age. There were some exceptions. Potassium, magnesium and sulfur were higher in the stalks than in the leaves from 6 up to 8 or 9 months of age. After 9 months, the leaves presented more potassium, magnesium and sulfur than the stalks. The percentage of nitrogen in the leaves was lower in the plants that received fertilizer than in the plants without fertilizer with 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 months of age. This can be explained by "dilution effect". The uptake of elements by 4 stools (stalks and leaves) of sugar cane according to the plant age is showed in table 6, in Portuguese. The absorption of all studied elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and silicon, was higher in plants that received fertilizer. The trend of uptake of nitrogen and potassium is similar to the trend of production of dry matter, that is, the maximum absorption of those two nutrients occurs between 9 and 13 months of age. Finaly, the maxima amounts of elements absorbed by 4 stools (stalks and leaves) of sugar cane plants that received fertilizer are condensed in the following table: Element Maximum absorption in grams Age of the plants in months Nitrogen (N) 81.0 14 Phosphorus (P) 6.8 15 Potassium (K) 81.5 15 Calcium (Ca) 19.2 15 Magnesium (Mg) 13.9 13 Sulfur (S) 9.3 15 Silicon (Si) 61.8 15 It is very interesting to note the low absorption of phosphorus even with 100 kg of P2O5 per hectare, aplied as superphosphate. The uptake of phosphorus was lower than calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Also, it is noteworthy the large amount of silicon absorbed by sugar cane.

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I. This paper deals with an experiment carried out to evaluate the effect of the sugar cane upper end on the composition of the sugar cane harvest as a raw material for the sugar industry. The variety studied was Co 421. The authors intend to study other varieties in the future. The data were collected from plant cane, at intervals of two weeks, always from the same field, from a small central area of 3.000 square meters approximately. Sixty (60) stalks were cut in each occasion, randomly chosen from the whole area. They were afterwards separated into three groups of 20 stalks, one for each of the treatments, namely: a) Complete stalks, with no leaves or sheaths. b) Stalks harvested by the technique of REYNOSO, that is, as usually done in practice. c) Stalks with the tops completely cut out, that is, cut by technique of REYNOSO and then with 3 other top internodes eliminated. The treatments caused significant differences on the following technological characteristics: a) Weight b) Cane pol c) Available sucrose (pol) per cent cane d) Cane juice pol e) Saline coefficient of juice. II. Except for weight, all changes were favorable to treatment c, even if with differences relatively slight, in percentage. IIII. Treatment differences for cane fiber, brix, reducing sugars, juice ashes, coefficient of purity and glucose coefficient were not significant. IV. Time of harvest was an important factor affecting the composition of the cane and of the juice. V. On the average the available sucrose of cane for treatments, with an standard error of 0.13%, was: Treatment c 13.05% Treatment b 12.65% Treatment a 12.53% This shows that there is no sound basis for the heavy fines applied by some sugar mills to planters who do not cut low enough the tops of the cane stalks.

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In this paper the authors have studied the manganese absorption by the sugar cane plant, variety Co 419, in samples cut monthly, from the 6th to 15th month of life in the climate prevailing at Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. From October to February (6 th to 10 th month of the plant life), which coincided with the rainy season, the manganese content was higher in the stalk than in the leaves, for both treatments, fertilized and unfertilized. There was a sharp decrease in manganese content in the stalks, after February, in both reatments. In the leaves there was little variation in manganese content throughout the plant tissue. The stalks from the unfertilized plots had a larger variation in manganese content, specially from the 6 th to the 10 th month. In the leaves of the sugar cane from the unfertilized plots, the manganese content varied from 116 to 220 ppm, whereas in the fertilized treatments thire was a variation from 150 to 220 ppm. From these results, althoug not being a foliar analyses, and considering the easy availability of manganese in acid soils, there must be enough of it, if we consider 40 ppm (EVANS, 1955) as a minimum for healthy plants.

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The status of zinc in sugar cane, variety Co 419, troughout its life cyle, was studid in samples cut monthly, from the 6th to 15th month, from an experiment carried on under the conditions of soil and climate prevailing in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment consisted of 6plots, 3 fertilized and 3 unfertilized. The fertilized ones received 40 kg of N (ammonium sulfate), 100 kg P2O5 (superphosphate) and 40 kg K2O (potassium cloride) per hectare, just before planting. The zinc content was determined by the Zincon method, after separation of zinc from other ions by means of the ion Exchange Resin III, Merck. The results obtained show that there was a tendency to decrease the zinc level in the stalks, whereas it kept more or less constant in the leaves; there was an exception in January, when the zinc level in the stalks had a sharp raise: 38-90-20 and 28-60-23 ppm for the fertilized an unfertilized treatments. There was a parallelism in the absorption of zinc by the plants from 4 hills of both treatments, through the whole - plantcycle but, the total amount taken up was higher with the fertilized plot due to its greater mass production.

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This paper describes the results obtained from the determination of iron in sugar cane according to the age of the plant, in the soil and climate conditions of the state of S. Paulo, Brazil. The iron was determined by 1-10- phenanthroline method, in samples cut monthly from 7th to 15th month from an experiment consisted de 3 plots fertilized with amonium sulfate, superphosphate and potassium cloride. The concentration of iron in the stalks and in the leaves varies according to the age of the plant. A ton of fresh stalks 15 months old contains 78,71 g of iron.

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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a determinação da concentração de cobre e o estudo das quantidades absorvidas do elemento citado, pela cana de açúcar Co 419, crescendo em condições de campo na região de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo. As amostras eram provenientes de 3 repetições, de um tratamento no qual as nlantas sofreram adu-bação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, variando as plantas de 6 a 15 meses de idade. O método utilizado na determinação do cobre, foi o do dietilditiocarbamato de sódio. A concentração de cobre apresentou um relativo decréscimo, com o aumento de idade da planta, variando os teores de cobre no colmo de 7,4 a 62,8 ppm e na folha de 10,0 a 30,0 ppm. Quanto a absorção do cobre, a planta apresentou um aumento proporcional a idade. A mesma absorveu maior quantidade no 14.° mês, 412,2 miligramas de cobre, por 4 touceiras.

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In this paper the authors describe the results obtained from the determination of molybdenum in sugar cane plant, grown in soils and climate prevailing in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The molybdenum was determined in samples cut monthly from the 8th to 14th month, from an experiment consisting of 6 plots, 3 fertilized and 3 unfertilized. The fertilized treatment received 40 kg N (ammonium sulfate) 100 kg P2O3, (superphosphate) and 40 kg K2O (potassium chloride) per hectare, just before planting. Molybdenum was determined by thiocyanate-stannous chloride method, using carbon tetrachloride-butyl alcohol misture, for extrating the colored complex. The results obtained show a parallelism in the absorption of molybdenum by the plants of both treatments. The concentration of molybdenum in the stalks have a tendency to decrease, where as it kept more or less constant in leaves, with a exception in the 14° month when it rised probable because of a migration of molybdenum of the stalks to the leaves. The total amount molybdenum taken up was higher with the fertilized plot due its greater mass prodution.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as interações lineares, N' xP';N' x K'e P' x K', em quatro grupos de ensaios fatoriais 3³ de adubação de milho, com N, P e K, num total de 117 experimentos com 3.159 parcelas. Os grupos eram assim constituídos: Grupo 1: 53 ensaios, realizados em Ribeirão Preto (SP), utilizando-se as doses 0; 40 e 80 kg/ha de N, de P(2)0(5) e de K(2)0. Grupo 2: 41 ensaios, realizados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com as doses: 0, 30 e 60 kg/ha de N e de K(2)0 e 0; 60 e 120 kg/ha de P2Os. Grupo 3: 10 ensaios, realizados no Triângulo Mineiro, com as doses: 0; 75 e 150 kg/ha para os três nutrientes. Grupo 4: 13 ensaios, realizados: 7 no Triângulo Mineiro e 6 em Patos de Minas (MG), utilizando-se em ambos os subgrupos, as doses: 0; 60 e 120 kg/ha para os três nutrientes. Foi observado que somente as interações N' x P', referente às doses 0 e 1 no grupo 1, e P' x K', referente às doses 0 e 2 no grupo 2, foram significativas. É possível, pois, concluir com grande generalidade, que nos ensaios fatoriais 3³ de adubação de milho, quando se consideram doses moderadas de nutrientes, as interações são de importância secundária e, na grande maioria dos casos, são de pequena monta, quando comparadas aos efeitos principais dos nutrientes.