165 resultados para DESCENTRALIZACIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA – LIMA (PERU)
Resumo:
Eggs and all nymphs of these species were studied employing light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The major differences observed by LM in the eggs were related to the presence and the distribution of pores on the surface of their chorion. Morphological differences among three nymphal stages (1st, 3rd, and 5th) development of each species were observed. The differential characteristics are chromatic and in the shape of connexival spots. The ultrastructure of the ventral region of the head and the IX, X, and XI abdominal segments (anal tube) of the both species were described demonstrating morphological differences that can be used for diagnosis of the species.
Resumo:
Several anatomical parameters of the reproductive system have been used to distinguish Lymnaea cubensis from L. viatrix, the snail hosts of fascioliasis in South America and the Caribbean area. Three samples have been collected in the type localities of L. cubensis (Cuba), L. viatrix var. A ventricosa (Argentina, Río Negro Lower Valley), and L. viatrix var. B elongata (Peru, Lima), respectively. Only one parameter, the relative lengths of the penis sheath and preputium, showed significant differences between L. viatrix var. ventricosa and the two other taxa. None of the studied parameters separated L. cubensis from L. viatrix var. elongata.
Resumo:
A male of a new species Micropygomyia (Micropygomyia) ancashensis sp. nov. and a female of the Lutzomyia (Helcocyrtomyia) chavinensis Pérez & Ogusuku, 1999 captured in the Antonio Raymondi province, department of Ancash, Peru are described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the cayennensis series, being closest to Mi. lewisi (Feliciangeli Ordoñez & Férnandez) though presenting highly sclerotized pseudotracheae on the labella that seem to constitute an autapomorphy among American Phlebotominae, and a clypeus almost completely covered with setae, as in Warileya. The female of Lu. chavinensis is close to those of Lu. blancasi Galati & Cáceres 1990, Lu. noguchii (Shannon, 1929), and Lu. pallidithorax Galati & Cáceres 1994.
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The frequency of the Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a cause of tuberculosis (TB) in South America was determined by analyzing genotypes of strains isolated from patients that had been diagnosed with the disease between 1997 and 2003 in seven countries of the subcontinent. In total, 19 of the 1,202 (1.6%) TB cases carried Beijing isolates, including 11 of the 185 patients from Peru (5.9%), five of the 512 patients from Argentina (1.0%), two of the 252 Brazilian cases (0.8%), one of the 166 patients from Paraguay (0.6%) and none of the samples obtained from Chile (35), Colombia (36) and Ecuador (16). Except for two patients that were East Asian immigrants, all cases with Beijing strains were native South Americans. No association was found between carrying a strain with the Beijing genotype and having drug or multi-drug resistant disease. Our data show that presently transmission of M. tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype is not frequent in Latin America. In addition, the lack of association of drug resistant TB and infection with M. tuberculosis of the Beijing genotype observed presently demands efforts to define better the contribution of the virulence and lack of response to treatment to the growing spread of Beijing strains observed in other parts of the world.
Resumo:
Echinococcus granulosus, the etiologic agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and other animal species, is distributed worldwide. Ten intra-specific variants, or genotypes (G1-G10), have been defined based on genetic diversity. To determine the genotypes present in endemic areas of Peru, samples were collected from cattle (44), sheep (41) and humans (14) from Junín, Puno Huancavelica, Cusco, Arequipa and Ayacucho. DNA was extracted from protoscolex and/or germinal layers derived from 99 E. granulosus isolates and used as templates to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene. The resulting polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and further examined by sequence analysis. All isolates, independent of the host, exhibited the G1 genotype. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three isolates from Ayacucho shared the same cluster with microvariant G1(4). The G1 genotype is considered the most widespread and infectious form of E. granulosusworldwide and our results confirm that the same patterns apply to this country. Therefore, these findings should be taken into consideration in developing prevention strategies and control programs for CE in Peru.
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Based on specimens collected from bats of different families, we add new species and extend the known ecological distribution and host associations of insect ectoparasites of bats in Peru. New information is provided for the distribution of 26 species of parasites (25 Diptera and 1 Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae). Four species (Neotrichobius ectophyllae, Strebla galindoi, Strebla paramirabilis and Myodopsylla wolffsohni wolffsohni) are new for Peru and 16 represent new records for the department of Loreto. Also, we found 17 new host-ectoparasite relationships. Of note, we found remarkable new association between Neotrichobius delicatus and bat species from the families Molossidae and Noctilionidae and a novel association between Paradyschiria parvula and a species of Vespertilionidae. Host-ectoparasite specificity was recorded with 14 species as monoxenous, three oligoxenous, seven pleioxenous and two polyxenous.
Resumo:
The identification of the genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus present in livestock and wild animals within regions endemic for cystic echinococcosis (CE) is epidemiologically important. Individual strains display different biological characteristics that contribute to outbreaks of CE and that must be taken into account in the design of intervention programs. In this study, samples of hydatid cysts due to E. granulosus were collected from alpacas (4) in Puno and pigs (8) in Ayacucho in Peru, an endemic region for CE. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing of specific regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 genes confirmed the presence of a strain common to sheep, the G1 genotype, in alpacas. Two different strains of E. granulosus were identified in pigs: the G1 and the G7 genotypes. This is the first report of the G1 genotype of E. granulosus in alpacas in endemic regions of CE in Peru.
Resumo:
Estudo exploratório, descritivo, comparativo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujo objetivo foi comparar o conhecimento de estudantes do ensino médio de duas escolas estaduais públicas de Peruíbe, SP, Brasil, sobre o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (aids), nos anos de 1999 e 2010. Nos dois anos, na população estudada predominaram estudantes do sexo feminino, menores de 18 anos, solteiros e de cor branca. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa quanto ao conhecimento sobre HIV/aids entre os grupos estudados. Verificou-se que mesmo havendo intervalo de dez anos entre os estudos, os dois grupos de estudantes não se consideraram vulneráveis ao HIV e apresentaram dúvidas quanto ao conhecimento correto sobre o tema, o que indica a necessidade de sua abordagem contínua com adolescentes jovens.
Resumo:
São descritas quatro espécies novas de Dianthidiini do Peru: Duckeanthidium tarapotoense sp. nov. e Grafanthidium yurimaguasano sp. nov. de Tarapoto, Yurimaguas; Anthodioctes sanmartinensis sp. nov. e Anthodioctes shilcayensis sp. nov. de Tarapoto, Boca Toma. O macho de Anthodioctes indescriptus (Dalla Torre, 1890) é descrito pela primeira vez e são dadas novas ocorrências de Bothranthidium lauroi Moure, 1947, no Peru.
Resumo:
Três novas espécies de Prodecatoma obtidas a partir de galhas em frutos de Psidium cattleianum Sabine e Psidium cinereum Mart. ex DC.(Myrtaceae) são descritas a partir de material obtido no Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Duas das novas espécies, Prodecatoma carpophaga sp. nov. e Prodecatoma petrodoma sp. nov. são descritas como indutoras das galhas. Prodecatoma ferruginea sp. nov. e Prodecatoma spermophaga Costa-Lima são apontadas como inquilinas das galhas ou parasitóides. São incluídos também comentários sobre a morfologia macroscópica da galha e a biologia das vespas.
Resumo:
O desenvolvimento de Gargaphia torresi Lima em folhas de algodão foi estudado em câmara climatizada a 20, 23, 25, 28 e 30ºC, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotofase de 12h. O período de incubação variou de 11 (20ºC) a 4 (30ºC) dias; o estágio ninfal de indivíduos que originaram fêmeas e machos variou de 20,8 (20ºC) a 8,3 (30ºC) dias e de 28,8 (20ºC) e 8,6 (30ºC) dias, respectivamente. O desenvolvimento dos estágios imaturos para indivíduos que originaram fêmeas e machos variou de 31,8 (20ºC) a 12,3 (30ºC) dias e de 31,5 (20ºC) a 12,6 (30ºC) dias, respectivamente. Os valores de longevidade e fecundidade foram inversamente proporcionais ao aumento da temperatura. As exigências térmicas (K) e temperaturas-base (Tb) foram estimadas para cada um dos estágios imaturos e de ovo à emergência de adultos (machos e fêmeas) de acordo com a Lei de Reamur e com o método de intercecção de X, respectivamente. Os estágios imaturos para indivíduos que originaram fêmeas e machos adultos requereram 209,4 e 220,3 graus-dia da oviposição à emergência do adulto, respectivamente, acima dos limites inferiores de 13,9 e 13,6ºC.
Resumo:
Fannia carvalhoi sp. nov. (Diptera, Fanniidae) from Peru is described and illustrated.
Resumo:
Com o objetivo de selecionar linhagens de Trichogramma para o controle de G. aurantianum, avaliaram-se as características biológicas de 13 linhagens/espécies deste parasitóide. A partir desta seleção, determinou-se o número ideal de T. pretiosum (linhagem G18) a ser liberado por ovo de G. aurantianum em testes de telado. O teste de seleção de linhagens/espécies foi realizado em câmara climatizada regulada a 25±1ºC, UR: 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14h. O número ideal de parasitóides foi estimado em gaiolas recobertas com tecido do tipo "voile". A duração do ciclo de vida das 13 linhagens/espécies de Trichogramma variou de 10,2 a 11,9 dias. A linhagem Atp (T. atopovirilia) apresentou maior capacidade de parasitismo, com uma média de 23,3 ovos parasitados e 77,5% de parasitismo em 24 horas, vindo a seguir a linhagem G18 (T. pretiosum) com média de 16,8 ovos parasitados e 56,1% de parasitismo no mesmo intervalo de tempo. As 13 linhagens/espécies tiveram desempenho semelhante quanto à emergência, longevidade de machos e razão sexual. O número de adultos emergidos por ovo foi de 1,8 para as linhagens G11 (T. pretiosum) e Br10 (T. bruni), as quais diferiram apenas da linhagem G3 (T. pretiosum), esta com 1,3 indivíduo/ovo. Para a longevidade de fêmeas foram encontrados valores distintos apenas entre as linhagens de T. pretiosum Tp e L2, com 6,3 e 9,3 dias, respectivamente. A proporção estimada de 36 parasitóides por ovo de G. aurantianum possibilitou a maior porcentagem de parasitismo por T. pretiosum (89%) nas condições de telado. Portanto, Trichogramma spp. apresentam potencial de controle de G. aurantianum, desde que liberados em grandes quantidades por unidade de área.
Resumo:
Alphus marinonii sp. nov., new species from Peru and Brazil (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). A new species of Alphus, A. marinonii sp. nov., from Peru and Brazil (Rondônia) is described. Key to identification and pictures for the four species of the genus are provided. Notes on distribution of A. tuberosus are included, with a new record for Peru and Brazil (Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul).
Resumo:
Philogenia nemesioi, a new damselfly from Peru (Odonata, Megapodagrionidae). Philogenia nemesioi sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on one male specimen collected on forests of the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes at 900 m. It belongs to the cristalina group, but differs from other species of the group by the structure of the anal appendage.