199 resultados para fracionamento de parede celular
Resumo:
Altos custos de produção geralmente limitam o uso comercial da micropropagação. O uso de meios de cultura líquidos é considerado uma solução para a automação e redução de custos. Entretanto, dependendo da cultivar de bananeira, esse processo pode mostrar diferentes níveis de dificuldade, e adaptações nos protocolos são necessárias. Neste estudo, experimentos de diferenciação celular e regeneração de plantas foram desenvolvidos em células em suspensão de banana pela avaliação da densidade inicial de células, meios de cultura e sistemas de imersão temporária. Para tanto, uma sequência de três experimentos foi realizada: o primeiro avaliou os efeitos da densidade celular (0,5; 1 e 2 mL), meios de cultura (M1: 1/2MS, 0,1 g.L-1 de ácido ascórbico, 0,1 g.L-1 de L-prolina, 30 g.L-1 de sacarose e 10 µM de 2iP; M2: MS, 30 g.L-1 de sacarose, 2,2 µM de BAP e 11,4 µM de AIA) e períodos de diferenciação celular (40 e 130 dias); o segundo experimento analisou o efeito do tamanho dos propágulos diferenciados em meio líquido (aprox. 2,5; 5 e 10 mm em diâmetro) na formação de embriões somáticos ou na regeneração de plantas; finalmente, um terceiro experimento avaliou o efeito de sistemas de cultivo com papel-filtro cobrindo o meio de cultura semissólido e sistemas de imersão temporários na diferenciação dos propágulos e na regeneração de plantas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os meios de diferenciação, porém as melhores diluições de células para a diferenciação foram de 1 e 2 mL/30mL de meio de cultura, enquanto diluições de 0,5 mL/30 mL de meio aumentaram a oxidação celular. A extensão do período de diferenciação de 40 para 130 dias foi importante para produzir maior número de calos/propágulos uniformes e com pelo menos de 10 mm de diâmetro, que puderam ser usados em sistemas de imersão temporária (biorreatores) para a diferenciação de embriões somáticos e regeneração de plantas. Considerando todos os sistemas de regeneração, verificou-se que o uso de meios de regeneração de consistência semissólida com papel-filtro na superfície do meio é o mais responsivo para a diferenciação de embriões somáticos e regeneração de plantas.
Resumo:
Este relato descreve um caso de sarcoma fibromixóide de baixo grau na parede torácica em uma paciente feminina de 23 anos de idade. A radiografia de tórax e a tomografia computadorizada demonstraram massa heterogênea na região inferior do hemitórax direito, com necrose e focos de calcificação. O exame histológico foi sugestivo de leiomioma, mas a imuno-histoquímica definiu o diagnóstico de sarcoma fibromixóide de baixo grau. A evolução clínica do caso foi boa, apesar dos aspectos de malignidade demonstrados na tomografia computadorizada.
Resumo:
Objetivo: Avaliar as medidas ultrassonográficas da gordura visceral e subcutânea em crianças e testar se a gordura pré-peritoneal (GPP) e o índice de gordura da parede abdominal (IGPA) são parâmetros úteis para determinar a gordura visceral e a presença de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em crianças obesas. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo tipo caso-controle, com uma amostra de 44 crianças, sendo 22 casos e 22 controles, pareados conforme sexo e idade. Os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva e bivariada, com teste t de Student e teste exato de Fischer. Resultados: Os parâmetros ultrassonográficos avaliados - tecido celular subcutâneo, GPP e gorduras intraperitoneais, e DHGNA - obtiveram elevada associação estatística com o índice de massa corpórea. A DHGNA foi observada em oito pacientes obesos (36,36%), sendo que a GPP e o IGPA foram as variáveis com maior significância estatística, com valor de p < 0,0001. Conclusão: A ultrassonografia permite diferenciar e quantificar a gordura visceral e subcutânea nas crianças. As medidas da GPP e do IGPA são úteis para a avaliação da gordura visceral e DHGNA em crianças obesas.
Resumo:
A sequential system for fractionation by ultrafiltration (SSFU) equipped with advanced membranes filters (molecular size cut-off: 5, 10, 30, 50 and 100 kDalton) of the polyethersulfone type was developed for analytical fractionation of humic substances (HS) extracted from aquatic systems or soils. The device consists of five membrane filters (Sartocon® Micro) operated by a multi-channel peristaltic pump, enabling an easy handling, working in a closed system and with simple collection of the six obtained fractions (F1>100; F2: 100-50; F3: 50-30; F4:30-10; F5: 10-5 and F6 <5 kDalton). Then, the HS sample (250 mL solution 1.0 mg/mL, pH 5.0 to 6.0) to be fractionated is pumped by pump through the series of membrane filters with a tangential flow of 85 mL/min, initial pressure 0.2 to 0.3 bar and permeation flux through the membranes of 0.8 to 1.4 mL/min. The overall time for fractionation and cleaning of the device is about 10 h and 25 mL of each fraction is obtained.
Resumo:
The aquatic humic substances (AHS) investigated in this study were conventionally isolated from Rio Negro waters - Amazonas State/Brazil by means of the collector XAD 8. A special five-stage tangential-flow ultrafiltration device was used for analytical fractionation of AHS. The fractionation patterns (6 fractions each) showed that metal traces remaining in AHS after their XAD 8 isolation have different size distributions. For instance, the major percentage of traces of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb (determined using ICP-AES) was preferably complexed by molecules with relatively high molecular size (30-100 kDa) and the following complexation order was characterized: F2 >> F1 = F4 = F5 > F3 > F6. Moreover, the species formed between AHS and metals prepared by spiking, showed distribution patterns changing as a function of the complexation time (ageing process), indicating a slow transformation process and an inner rearrangements in the binding sites within the AHS molecules.
Resumo:
Macroscopic samples of fullerene nanostructures are obtained in a modified arc furnace using the electric arc method with a Helium atmosphere at low pressures. High purity graphite rods are used as electrodes but, when drilled and the orifices filled with powders of transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni) acting as catalysts, the resulting particles are carbon nanostructures of the fullerene family, known as Single Wall Nanotubes (SWNTs). They have typical diameters of 1.4 nm, lengths up to tenths of microns and they are arranged together in bundles containing several SWNTs. Those samples are observed and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques.
Resumo:
The chemotherapy agents against cancer may be classified as "cell cycle-specific" or "cell cycle-nonspecific". Nevertheless, several of them have their biological activity related to any kind of action on DNA such as: antimetabolic agents (DNA synthesis inhibition), inherently reactive agents (DNA alkylating electrophilic traps for macromolecular nucleophiles from DNA through inter-strand cross-linking - ISC - alkylation) and intercalating agents (drug-DNA interactions inherent to the binding made due to the agent penetration in to the minor groove of the double helix). The earliest and perhaps most extensively studied and most heavily employed clinical anticancer agents in use today are the DNA inter-strand cross-linking agents.
Resumo:
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be both beneficial to cells, performing functions in intracellular signaling and detrimental, modifying cellular biomolecules. ROS can cause DNA damage, such as base damage and strand breaks. Organisms respond to chromosome insults by activation of a complex and hierarchical DNA-damage response pathway. The extent of DNA damages determines cell fate: cell cycle arrest and DNA repair or cell death. The ATM is a central protein in the response to DNA double-strand breaks by acting as a transducer protein. Collected evidences suggest that ATM is also involved in the response to oxidative DNA damage.
Resumo:
Characterization of the thermal decomposition of polyurethane (PUR) foams was performed by Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three main weight loss paths were observed by TGA, the residue being lower than 3 wt.% for 3 different PUR foams analyzed. FT-IR spectra indicated CO2, CO, NH3 and isocyanides as main decomposition products. PUR foams of different cell sizes were immersed in a slurry of the parent glass ceramic of composition Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2-Al 2O3 (LZSA) and submitted to heat treatment. The LZSA cellular glass ceramics obtained after sintering and crystallization resembled the original morphology of the PUR foams.
Resumo:
The gold and iron mining activities in the Velhas River yield considerable amounts of suspended solids as well as metals to the hydrological system of the region. The risks were assessed by sequential extraction procedures. They were carried out in sediment samples, aiming to evaluate the presence of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and As. Although being at high levels in some parts of the river (e.g. As 527 mg g-1 and Cr 475 mg g-1) they are associated with the residual fraction. Mobility factors were also calculated and show that these species are enriched along the river, e.g. for As 0.02 at the spring and 0.33 at the high course of the river.
Resumo:
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the distribution of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn among the different fractions of contaminated soil, before and after rice cultivation. Seven soil samples with different degrees of contamination were studied using a randomized experimental design, with four replicates. Using an ICP-OES we analyzed the contents of heavy metals in fractions of soil, the organic matter therein, the oxides and the residual content before and after rice cultivation. The largest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil are found in the fractions with stable chemical bonds.
Resumo:
Photosynthetic microorganism cultures, such as microalgae, represent one of the alternatives for fossil CO2 emissions mitigation. Carbon supply is the major cost component in microalgal cultures. Aiming to enhance the dissolved inorganic carbon uptake efficiency in microalgal cultures, Spirulina sp LEB-18 was cultivated in mediums containing NaHCO3 concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 100 g L-1. Results indicated that lower dissolved inorganic carbon concentratios (2.8 g L-1 NaHCO3) produce higher growth parameters (Xmax = 0.75 g L-1; Pmax = 0.145 g L-1 d-1; µmax = 0.254 d-1) and lower carbon losses (13.61%). At 50 g L-1 of NaHCO3 cell growth was inhibited and carbon losses reached 38.73%.
Resumo:
Structure and first hyperpolarizability for a series of armchair a(5,5) chemically modified carbon nanotubes (CNT) were calculated at semiempirical and density functional levels of theory. The 4,4´-substituted stilbenes were selected as chromophore with substituents at position 4´ set to X=NO2, H, Cl, OH and NH2. The calculated values for static first hyperpolarizability (β) were almost linearly dependent on the electronic effect of the group X, increasing from NO2 to NH2. At DFT level the effect of inserting the chromophore in the CNT surface was to enhance the β value up to 70% relative to the free 4,4´-substituted stilbene.