Eficiencia de fungicidas en el control de la flora fúngica transportada por semillas de zanahoria (Daucus carota L.) y su relación con la calidad fisiológica

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron identificar los hongos asociados a las semillas de zanahoria de procedencia local y determinar la eficiencia del control químico sobre la flora fúngica transportada, en relación con la calidad fisiológica. Se analizó la calidad fisiológica y sanitaria de lotes de semillas de zanahoria provenientes de Córdoba, Argentina y se evaluó el efecto de tratamientos combinados de fungicidas en diferentes dosis y tiempos de inmersión. Se observó alta incidencia de hongos transportados con predominio de A. alternata, Fusarium sp. y Epicoccum sp los cuales afectaron la germinación y vigor de las semillas. Los tratamientos fungicidas redujeron el porcentaje de semillas infectadas y su efecto dependió principalmente del tiempo de inmersión. Los tratamientos más eficientes fueron Tebuconazole, Tiram y Carboxin + Tiram en dosis de 1.000 y 500 ppm de p.a. aplicados por inmersión durante una hora. Estos tratamientos indujeron además un incremento de la germinación de semillas de zanahoria.

Efectos de la temperatura, el ambiente lumínico y la escarificación sobre la germinación de semillas de Bromelia serra Griseb. (Bromeliaceae)

Bromelia serra Griseb. (Bromeliaceae) es una hierba terrestre que habita en el sotobosque de bosques abiertos del Chaco y el Cerrado. En este trabajo se analizó el efecto de la temperatura, el clima lumínico y la escarificación sobre la germinación de semillas. Se evaluaron dos regímenes de temperatura (15/20 ºC y 20/30 ºC), tres ambientes lumínicos (Luz, Filtro y Oscuridad; 100% luz y 0.65 R:FR, 100% luz y 0.09 R:FR y sin luz respectivamente) y dos tratamientos de escarificación (Escarificación durante 1 min. con H2SO4 al 30% y Control sin escarificar). La temperatura fue un factor clave ya que solo se registró germinación (una reducida fracción de las semillas y en forma lenta) en el tratamiento a 20/30 ºC. Las semillas fueron indiferentes a la intensidad de luz, germinando tanto en condiciones de luz como de oscuridad. La calidad de la luz afectó la germinación, registrándose mayores porcentajes de germinación a altas relaciones R:FR. No se detectaron efectos de la escarificación en la germinación de las semillas. Los resultados de este trabajo aportan información básica sobre la germinación de semillas, que resultan útiles para el manejo de la especie.

Independência do banco central e equilíbrio fiscal: algumas observações para o caso brasileiro

The objective of this paper is to analyze the main theoretical arguments for the analysis of the conduction of monetary policy on the fiscal side. Besides this, an analysis is made of the possible effects on the fiscal balance from the conduction of the monetary policy in the search for price stability after the Real Plan and due to an increase in the central bank independence (CBI) in the Brazilian case. The findings denote that the strategy for the conduction of the adopted monetary policy and the increase in the degree of CBI did not contribute to an imrovement in the fiscal balance.

Efeitos da independência do banco central e da taxa de rotatividade sobre a inflação brasileira

Nowadays, the belief is strong in the Brazilian federal government that operational central bank independence is a basic condition to assure price stability. The literature concerning this subject highlights that a high degree of independence and a low turnover of central bank governor are associated with low inflation. This paper analyzes the relation between central bank independence and inflation in Brazil during 1980-2002. The findings denote that there is no effect on inflation due to an increase in degree of independence and a fall in turnover rate.

Banco Nacional: jogo de Ponzi, PROER e FCVS

Banco Nacional: Ponzi game, PROER and FCVS. This paper analyses the causes of the failure of Banco Nacional and the resolution method adopted by the Brazilian central bank. The program (PROER) designed by the central bank and its legal framework allowed the failed bank to buy " defaulted securities" , financed by the central bank, and to use them as borrowing collateral. The paper also analyses the private and social costs of this bank failure.

Transparência do banco central: uma análise para o caso brasileiro

Central Bank transparency: an analysis of the Brazilian case. Nowadays there is a tendency among central banks of increasing transparency in the conduction of the monetary policy. After the adoption of inflation targeting in Brazil there was an increase in the communication of the Central Bank of Brazil with the public. This paper makes a brief review of the recent theoretical and empirical literature concerning this subject. Furthermore, an analysis due to the transparency in the conduction of Brazilian monetary policy on important macroeconomic variables is made. The findings denote that an increase in transparency improves the behavior of several macroeconomic variables.

The Banco Central do Brasil's institutional framework after ten years

The Banco Central do Brazil (BACEN) adopted inflation targeting in 1999. This monetary policy regime originates in institutional design which remains crucial today for the expectations management, and is in permanent evolution. After 10 years, the BACEN institutional framework is assessed, asking if there is still room for improvement. Various institutional procedures are analysed, and lessons are drawn from the international experience of a panel of sixteen countries. Some proposals for the BACEN institutional framework are made.

Revelações da crise: moeda fiduciária e as relações Tesouro/Banco Central

The current crisis shed a new light on issues that, previously, were not perceived as serious or important. It highlighted the close ties between fiat currency and government bonds denominated in it or, in other words, the relationship between Treasury and Central Bank. Two ill-conceived views of the "new consensus" on money that had turned into taboos were put in evidence. The first, derived from the quantitative theory, concerns the rejection of unsterilized monetary expansion; the second, directly related to the neoliberal ideology, prohibits or imposes strict limits on the role of central banks in the financing of public debts.