Application of isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry for the evaluation of the 13C-urea breath test: comparison with three concordant methods

The aim of this work was to compare the performance of isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry (IRIS) for the 13C-urea breath test with the combination of the 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT), urease test and histologic examination for the diagnosis of H. pylori (HP) infection. Fifty-three duodenal ulcer patients were studied. All patients were submitted to gastroscopy to detect HP by the urease test, histologic examination and 14C-UBT. To be included in the study the results of the 3 tests had to be concordant. Within one month after admission to the study the patients were submitted to IRIS with breath samples collected before and 30 min after the ingestion of 75 mg 13C-urea dissolved in 200 ml of orange juice. The samples were mailed and analyzed 11.5 (4-21) days after collection. Data were analyzed statistically by the chi-square and Mann-Whitney test and by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Twenty-six patients were HP positive and 27 negative. There was 100% agreement between the IRIS results and the HP status determined by the other three methods. Using a cutoff value of delta-over-baseline (DOB) above 4.0 the IRIS showed a mean value of 19.38 (minimum = 4.2, maximum = 41.3, SD = 10.9) for HP-positive patients and a mean value of 0.88 (minimum = 0.10, maximum = 2.5, SD = 0.71) for negative patients. Using a cutoff value corresponding to 0.800% CO2/weight (kg), the 14C-UBT showed a mean value of 2.78 (minimum = 0.89, maximum = 5.22, SD = 1.18) in HP-positive patients. HP-negative patients showed a mean value of 0.37 (minimum = 0.13, maximum = 0.77, SD = 0.17). IRIS is a low-cost, easy to manage, highly sensitive and specific test for H. pylori detection. Storing and mailing the samples did not interfere with the performance of the test.

Neuroprotection by flavonoids

The high morbidity, high socioeconomic costs and lack of specific treatments are key factors that define the relevance of brain pathology for human health and the importance of research on neuronal protective agents. Epidemiological studies have shown beneficial effects of flavonoids on arteriosclerosis-related pathology in general and neurodegeneration in particular. Flavonoids can protect the brain by their ability to modulate intracellular signals promoting cellular survival. Quercetin and structurally related flavonoids (myricetin, fisetin, luteolin) showed a marked cytoprotective capacity in in vitro experimental conditions in models of predominantly apoptotic death such as that induced by medium concentrations (200 µM) of H2O2 added to PC12 cells in culture. Nevertheless, quercetin did not protect substantia nigra neurons in vivo from an oxidative insult (6-hydroxydopamine), probably due to difficulties in crossing the blood-brain barrier. On the other hand, treatment of permanent focal ischemia with a lecithin/quercetin preparation decreased lesion volume, showing that preparations that help to cross the blood-brain barrier may be critical for the expression of the effects of flavonoids on the brain. The hypothesis is advanced that a group of quercetin-related flavonoids could become lead molecules for the development of neuroprotective compounds with multitarget anti-ischemic effects.

CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIAS DO QUEIJO DE LEITE DE CABRA "TIPO COALHO", ARTESANAL ELABORADO NO CURIMATAÚ PARAIBANO

Foram analisadas 20 amostras de queijo de leite de cabra" tipo coalho", elaborados de forma artesanal e armazenados durante 28 dias sob refrigeração a 10 ± 2 ºC, em intervalos de 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias, tendo sido avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas (UFC/g) número mais provável de coliformes totais e fecais (NMP/g), contagem de bolores e leveduras (UFC/g) e contagem de Staphylococcus aureus (UFC/g). As contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas variaram de 2,35 x 103 a 1,5 x 109 UFC/g; enquanto que o número de coliformes totais oscilaram entre 2,4 x 103 a 2,4 x 106 e 2,4 x 109 NMP/g. Por outro lado, a contagem de coliformes fecais a apresentou variações de 2,4 x 103 a 2,4 x 106 NMP/g e bolores e leveduras < 30 a 5,5 x 108 UFC/g. Durante o armazenamento não foi evidenciada a presença de Staphylococcus aureus, constatando-se a necessidade de reavaliar as técnicas utilizadas na manipulação e processamento artesanal do queijo elaborado.

Influence of chitosan addition on quality properties of vacuum-packaged pork sausages

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the chitosan addition on the quality of vacuum packaged pork sausages. A variant of the product was elaborated with 1% (w/w) of chitosan in lactic acid solution at 1% (v/v) and it was compared to a control. Sausages were mechanically stuffed and manually conformed and vacuum packaged. Sausages were stored at 4 °C and microbiological evaluations, pH measurements, texture profile analysis and sensorial evaluation were performed. The chitosan addition in the formulation of the sausages did not reduce the microbiological counts. The pH values obtained in all samples were similar, which suggests that the chitosan addition did not influence the pH values of sausages. The added chitosan did not affect significantly (p < 0.05) the results of the texture profile analysis and sensorial attributes and therefore, the overall acceptance of the sausages.

Massa ventricular esquerda e índice cardiotorácico em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise

Introdução: A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) é um fator preditor independente de risco cardiovascular em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em hemodiálise (HD). Objetivo: Mostrar a utilidade da radiografia de tórax no diagnóstico de HVE em pacientes com DRC em HD. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 100 pacientes (58 homens e 42 mulheres), idade média de 46,2 ± 14,0 anos, com DRC de todas as etiologias, há pelo menos seis meses em HD. Foram obtidos ecocardiograma e radiografia de tórax dos pacientes, sempre até uma hora após o término das sessões de HD. Resultados: A HVE foi detectada em 83 pacientes (83%), dos quais 56 (67,4%) apresentavam o padrão concêntrico e 27 (32,6%) a padrão excêntrico de HVE. Cardiomegalia - definida por índice cardiotorácico (ICT) > 0,5 - esteve presente em 61 pacientes (61%). Foram os seguintes os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia, respectivamente, para a variável ICT: 66,2%, 70,5% e 68,0%. A correlação de Pearson entre ICT e índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE) foi de 0,552 (p < 0,05) e razão de verossimilhança positivo de 2,2. Conclusão: A radiografia de tórax é um exame seguro e útil como ferramenta diagnóstica de HVE em pacientes com DRC em HD.

As dificuldades do teísmo do ponto de vista transcendental

Neste texto, são expostos os pontos de vista do Kant crítico e do primeiro Fichte acerca de Deus, e as dificuldades tanto teóricas como prácticas que envolvem a concepção de um Deus teísta, quando se filosofa a partir de um método transcendental, de maneira que, mais do que de um Deus, se deveria falar antes do divino.