401 resultados para Lesões cutâneas


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According to E. Chagas (1938), South-American Kala Azar is a widespread disease from the jungle, several cases being reported from North Brazil (Estado do Pará: Marajó Island, Tocantins and Gurupi river valleys; Estados do Piauí and Ceará: coast and hinterland). Other cases were found in Northeast Brazil (Estados de Pernambuco, Alagôas and Sergipe: coast and hinterland; Estado da Bahia: hinterland). A few cases were described from Estado de Mato-Grosso (Brazil), Provincia de Salta and Território do Chaco (Argentine), and Zona contestada do Chaco (Paraguai-Bolívia). A well defined secondary anemia associated with enlargement of the liver and spleen are the chief symptoms. Death usually occurs in cachexia and with symptoms of heart failure. Half the patients were children aged less than ten years (CHAGAS, CASTRO & FERREIRA, 1937). Quite exhaustive epidemiological researches performed by CHAGAS, FERREIRA, DEANE, DEANE & GUIMARÃES (1938) in Municipio de Abaeté (Estado do Pará, Brazil) gave the incidence of 1.48% for the natural infection in human, 4.49% in dogs, and 2.63% in cats. The infection was arcribed (CUNHA & CHAGAS, 1937) to a new species of Leishmania (L. chagasi). Latter CUNHA (1938) state, that it is identical to L. infantum. ADLER (1940) found that so far it has been impossible to distinguish L. chagasi from L. infantum by any laboratory test but a final judgment must be reserved until further experiments with different species of sandflies have been carried out. Skin changes in canine Kala Azar were signaled by many workers, and their importance as regards the transmission of the disease is recognized by some of them (ADLER & THEODOR, 1931, 2. CUNHA, 1933). Cutaneous ulcers in naturally infected dogs are referred by CRITIEN (1911) in Malta, by CHODUKIN & SCHEVTSCHENKO (1928) in Taschkent, by DONATIEN & LESTOCQUARD (1929) and by LESTOCQUARD & PARROT (1929) in Algeria, and by BLANC & CAMINOPETROS (1931) in Greece. Depilation is signaled by YAKIMOFF & KOHL-YAKIMOFF (1911) in Tunis, by YAKIMOFF (1915) in Turkestan. Eczematous areas or a condition described as "eczema furfurace" is sometimes noted in the areas of depilation (DONATIEN & LESTOCQUARD). The skin changes noticed by ADLER & THEODOR (1932) in dogs naturally infected with Mediterranean Kala Azar can be briefly summarized as a selective infiltration of macrophages around hair follicles including the sebaceous glands and the presence of infected macrophages in normal dermis. The latter phenomenon in the complete absence of secondary infiltration of round cells and plasma cells is the most striking characteristic of canine Kala Azar and differentiates it from L. tropica. In the more advanced stages the dermis is more cellular than that of normal dogs and may even contain a few small dense areas of infiltration with macrophages and some round cells and polymorphs. The external changes, i. e., seborrhea and depilation are roughly proportional to the number of affected hair follicles. In dogs experimentally infected with South-American Kala Azar the parasites were regularly found in blocks of skin removed from the living animal every fortnight (CUNHA, 1938). The changes noticed by CUNHA, besides the presence of Leishmania, were perivascular and diffuse infiltration of the cutis with mononuclears sometimes more marked near hair follicles, as well as depilation, seborrhea and ulceration. The parasites were first discovered and very numerous in the paws. Our material was obtained from dogs experimentally infected by Dr. A. MARQUES DA CUNHA< and they were the subject of a previous paper by CUNHA (1938). In this study, however, several animals were discarded as it was found that they did develop a superimposed infection by Demodex canis. This paper deals with the changes found in 88 blocks of skin removed from five dogs, two infected with two different canine strains, and three with two distinct human strains of South-American Kala Azar. CUNHA'S valuable material affords serial observations of the cutaneous changes in Kala Azar as most of the blocks of skin were taken every fortnight. The following conclusions were drawn after a careful microscopic study. (1) Skin changes directly induced in the dog by the parasites of South-American Kala Azar may b described as an infiltration of the corium (pars papillaris and upper portion of the reticular layer) by histocytes. Parasites are scanty, at first, latter becoming very numerous in the cytoplasm of such cells. Sometimes the histocytes either embedding or not leishman bodies appear as distinct nodes of infiltration or cell aggregations (histocytic granuloma, Figs. 8 and 22) having a perivascular distribution. The capillary loops in the papillae, the vessels of the sweat glands, the subpapillary plexus, the vertical twigs connecting the superficial and deep plexuses are the ordinary seats of the histocytic Kala Azar granulomata. (2) Some of the cutaneous changes are transient, and show spontaneous tendency to heal. A gradual transformation of the histocytes either containing or not leishman bodies into fixed connective tissue cells or fibroblasts occut and accounts for the natural regression just mentioned. Figs. 3, 5, 18, 19 and 20 are good illustrations of such fibroblastic transformation of the histocytic Kala Azar granulomata. (3) Skin changes induced by the causative organism of South-American Kala Azar are neither uniform nor simultaneous. The same stage may be found in the same dog in different periods of the disease, and not the same changes take place when pieces from several regions are examined in the same moment. The fibroblastic transformation of the histocytic granulomata marking the beginning of the process of repair, e. g., was recognised in dog C, in the 196th as well as in the 213rd (Fig. 18) and 231st (Fig. 19) days after the inoculation. (4) The connective tissue of the skin in dogs experimentally infected with South-American Kala Azar is overflowed by blood cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) besides the proliferation in situ of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. A marked increase in the number of cells specially the "ruhende Wanderzellen" (Figs. 4 and 15) is noticed even during the first weeks after inoculation (prodomal stage) when no leishman bodies are yet found in the skin. Latter a massive infiltration by amoeboid wandering cells similar to typical blood monocytes (Fig. 21) associated to a small number of lymphocytes and plasma cells (Figs. 9, 17, 21, and 24) indicates that the emigration of blood cells...

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The A. relates histologic lesions found in sciatic nerves of dogs experimentally infected with Schizotrypanum cruzy. He points out the possibility of the peripheral nervous systema playing a role in the neuropathologic pattern of the Experimental Paralysis described by Villela. E. e Torres, M.

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The effect of testosterone propionate in different treatments was tested in adult male rats (250 g.) with mechanical skin experimental lesions. The whole period of cicatrization was investigated in normals, castrated and testosterone treated animals. We could not detect any alteration in the regeneration process in both treated and untreated rats (normals and castrated). Diffusing factor obtained from homologous testis, directly applied upon the lesions also do not change the healing period. Related to the course of the healing process, little evidence is presented by variance analysis that significative differences could be detected in the first periods, in both castrated and testosterone treated groups; however new well planed experiments should be carried to test this point.

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Histopathological changes strikingly similar were found in the spleen of four cases (young female subjects) of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura hemorrhagica in which splenectomy was performed. The chief changes reported are enlargement of the marginal zone of the malpighian corpuscles, proliferation and mobilization of the reticulo-endothelial cells, myeloid metaplasia, local (tissue) eosinophilia, and stoppage of the circulation or stasis of platelets from which results a filling of the spelenic sinuses by such elements. The latter phenomenon will possibly present some bearing with thrombocytopenia which is such a characteristic feature in this disease and will perhaps account for the rapid increase in blood platelets which usually follows splenectomy and or the finding of increased megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.

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Neste trabalho estudamos as alterações histopatológicas encontradas no sistema nervoso central de dois pacientes com "panencefalite subaguda esclerosante" comparando-as com as modificações estruturais determinadas no sistema nervoso central de sete macacos rhesus nos quais este material foi inoculado. Os animais apresentaram sinais de comprometimento neurológico, traduzido por caquexia e paralisia do trem posterior, após um longo período de incubação, em torno de 18 meses. Dois animais morreram antes de qualquer manifestação neurológica, de infecção pulmonar intercorrente acidental. Nas passagens sucessivas houve um encurtamento do periódo de incubação para cerca de 40 dias. As alterações histopatológicas encontradas, consistiram, nos casos humanos, em leptomeningite focal, focos de neuronofagia, granulomas corticais e nos núcleos basais, grande perda da população neuronal com ocasional estado esponjoso do córtice cerebral, infiltrados perivasculares, e gliose da substância branca, sem perda de mielina. No material experimental foram observadas estas mesmas modificações, se bem que de caráter muito menos intenso. Tanto no material humano como no experimental a mielina estava praticamente normal. Sugere-se que o quadro anátomo-clínico chamado "panencefalite subaguda esclerosante (SSPE) possa ser determinado, não apenas pelo vírus do sarampo, mas também por outros vírus, especialmente os do grupo papova, já encontrado por outros autores, em casos de "panencefalite subaguda esclerosante".

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No presente estudo podemos ressaltar alguns dados e observações mostrando que estes órgãos glandulares e suas secreções atraentes e excitantes têm um papel biológico essencial, sendo sua função regular e segura de importância decisiva para a sobrevivência de muitas espécies de Lepidoptera. São ressaltados os seguintes dados: a) a variabilidade de formação dos órgãos e seus componentes; b) a localização no corpo para obter o máximo de proteção e efeito; c) a alta sensibilidade do sistema sensorial do sexo oposto; d) a distribuição das sensilas sobre as antenas como expressão da função do olfato e da importância biológica da secreção. Além disso, mostramos os resultados que o senso olfatório dos Lepidoptera - e isto pode-se estender a respeito do plano funcional geral de todos os Insecta e Arthropoda - é inestimavelmente mais sensível do que aquele dos órgãos onde a molécula tem que se difundir via um líquido intermediário, de via direta e seca nos Insecta. A continuação desta interpretação está fora do nosso alcance como histólogos, sendo reservada para a parte filosófica da ciência. hipoderme e suas glândulas em geral (dos insecta).

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Foi visto nesta revisão que os parasitas do gênero Leishmania induzem uma variedade de respostas complexas nos hospedeiros vertebrados, efetuadas e/ou moduladas pelo seu sistema imunológico. Foi também salientado que o destino da Leishmania no interior de macrófagos depende de relações particulares parasito-hospedeiro, envolvendo não apenas as propriedades intrísecas do parasita, mas também as características, geneticamente determinadas, da cédula hospedeira ou das suas interações com outras células imunocompetentes. Atráves de uma revisão das evidências consubstanciando essesconceitos, os mesmos foram aplicados na descrição do espectro clínico e imunopatológico da doença humana, particularmente das leishmanioses cutâneas e mucocutâneas do Novo e do Velho Mundo. Finalmente, baseando-se nos resultados obtidos em modelos experimentais de leishmaniose cutânea, os quais reproduzem os achados das formas resolutiva e persistentes da doença humana, o autor apresenta uma análise esquemática da evolução das características histopatológicas das lesões leishmanióticas.

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Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que teve por objetivo caracterizar a natureza e gravidade da lesão de pacientes hospitalizados, vítimas de acidente de trânsito de veículo a motor através da Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Foram analisadas 220 vítimas internadas em uma Instituição referência para trauma em São Paulo, Brasil. Do total de pacientes, 111 eram pedestres, 83 ocupantes de auto e 26 ocupantes de moto. As lesões mais frequentes localizaram se em membros/cintura pélvica e cabeça/pescoço para toda população do estudo com gravidade de lesão AIS £ 3. Faleceram 45 vítimas, sendo dois terços de pedestres.

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Lesões de pele podem ocorrer em recém-nascidos (RNs), na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Objetivou-se identificar lesões de pele em recém-nascidos internados em uma UTIN, considerando tipo, área afetada e tamanho. Estudo prospectivo, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado de março a maio de 2007, em uma instituição pública de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. A amostra foi composta de 137 recém-nascidos, destes 36 (26%) apresentaram lesões. RESULTADOS: hematomas (24;46%), eritemas (9;18%), escoriações (6;12%), equimoses (5;10%), pústulas (3;6%) e outras (4;8%). Quanto à área: 40% eram < 1cm². Quanto ao tamanho: 68% tinham entre 1 e 2cm. Predominou a forma geográfica (38%) e distribuição localizada (92%). Quanto à região afetada: membros (27; 52%), tronco (12; 24%), cabeça (8; 16%) e outras (4;8%). Concluiu-se que as lesões de pele mais presentes são os hematomas e a área mais afetada é a dos membros.