Retenção urinária aguda por extenso hematoma pelvico após herniorrafia inguinal

The authors report a rare case of a patient with urinary retention following an inguinal herniorraphy, due to extrinsic compression of the bladder by an extensive pelvic hematoma, diagnosed by cystourethrogram and pelvic computadorized tomography. A medical treatment was provided by vesical catheterization for seven days. After this period of time, the hematoma had disappeared and the patient recovered to spontaneous miction.

Esplenectomia subtotal, em cães, com preservação do pólo inferior(PI) suprido por vasos do ligamento gastroesplênico

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade do pólo inferior (PI) do baço de cães, após a ligadura e secção da artéria e veia esplênicas. Foram operados 24 cães, mestiços, machos, com peso variando entre 12kg e 14kg. Os animais anestesiados foram submetidos a laparotomia mediana supra e infra-umbilical, com 12cm de comprimento. Nos do grupo 1 fez-se a ligadura e secção da porção superior do ligamento gastroesplênico, ligadura e secção da artéria e veia esplênicas. Após a ligadura do ramo descendente dos vasos esplênicos, o baço foi seccionado transversalmente, a superfície de corte do PI foi suturada e a peça enviada para estudo microscópico. A parede abdominal foi suturada por planos. Os cães foram mantidos vivos e sacrificados no sétimo (subgrupo I A - quatro cães), 15° (subgrupo 18 - cinco cães), trigésimo (subgrupo I C - quatro cães) e septuagésimo dia (subgrupo I D - três cães). Nessa ocasião, o Pl foi retirado para estudo. No grupo 2, três cães foram submetidos a laparotomia e manipulação do baço (controle 2 - simulação), para controle morfológico. Esse procedimento foi feito no 15° dia (subgrupo 2A - dois cães) e no sexagésimo dia (subgrupo 28 - um cão). Dos 24 cães operados, cinco foram a óbito. A causa foi evisceração (dois cães), hemorragia intraperitoneal (um cão), hemorragia digestiva baixa de causa não esclarecida (um cão) e indeterminada (um caso). O exame macroscópico do PI comparado àquele dos controles I e 2 mostrou aspecto duvidoso em apenas dois casos, onde o PI apresentava-se aderido firmemente à parede abdominal e alças intestinais. Não houve, no entanto, diferença estatisticamente significante (p>O.O5 - teste exato de Fisher) no número de casos viáveis entre os grupos controles e grupo I. O exame microscópico do PI, comparado àqueles do restante do baço (controle I) e ao controle 2 (simulação), mostrou que a referida porção apresentou alterações morfológicas discretas, na maioria dos casos, e sinais de regressão em dois casos. Esse número não induziu, também, resultados estatisticamente significante (p>O.O5). A análise dos nossos resultados nos permitiu concluir que o PI do baço de cães manteve-se viável em 86,6% dos casos, mesmo com a ligadura da artéria e veia esplênicas.

Leiomioma do esôfago removido por videolaparoscopia

This report describes a leiomyoma of the inferior third section of the esophagus removed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient is a woman 55-years-age, carrying esophageal myoma of 40 mm in diameter wide, situated in the posterior wall of the lower esophagus. Indications for surgery were based mainly on the growth of the mass (6 mm when discovered 7 years previously, increased to 40 mm). Recently the patient returned suffering from pain, which could be attributed to his litiasic cholecystopaty. A small degree of low disphagia could also be observed. Radiologic imaging, direct endoscopic examination and endoscopic ultrasound showed that the mioma protruded on to the oesophagic lumen, discreetly diminishing there. A laparoscopic esophageal myomectomy was indicated at the same session of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Once the pneunoperitoneum was installed, five ports were placed as if for a hiatus hernia surgery. The cholecystectomy was uneventful. Next, an esophagoscopy was performed so as to determine the precise area covering the base of the tumour; at the right-lateral site. Longitudinal and circular fibres of the esophagus was severed over the lesion and the enucleation of the tumour was performed alternating the monopolar dissection, bipolar and hidrodisection. Control-endoscopy was carried out to verify mucosa integrity. Four suture points with poliglactine 3-0 string so as to close the musculature followed this. One suture was placed in for diminution of the size of the esophagean hiatus. Total time of intervention: two hours (30m for the cholecystectomy and one hour and thirty minutes for the myomectomy). Postoperative period: uneventful. Disappearance of the disphagia was observed. Radiologic transit control with water-soluble contrast at 4th post-operative day: good passage. Diagnosis from laboratory of pathology: conjunctive tumour formed by muscle non-striated cells: leiomyoma. The patient was re-examined on the two-month postoperative follow-up. General conditions were good and there were no complain of dysphagia. Neither there were any symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux.

Hérnia traumática da parede abdominal

A rare case of blunt traumatic abdominal hernia is presented in which jejunal loops herniated through the abdominal wall. The patient had a serious motor vehicle accident seven years ago, while wearing the seat belt. He developed a traumatic hernia in the anterior lateral abdominal wall, which was operated, and relapsed after some months. The patient was reoperated and we observed the unattachment of the anterior lateral abdominal musculature from the ilium crest. After the hernial sac treatment, the defect was solved with the use of a polypropylene mesh. The postoperative evolution was good and four months later there were no signs of recurrence. Traumatic abdominal hernia remains a rare clinical entity, despite the increase in blunt abdominal trauma. Traumatic abdominal wall hernia falls into two general categories: small lower quadrant abdominal defects, typically the result of blunt trauma with bicycle handlebars, and larger abdominal wall defects related to motor vehicle accidents. The diagnosis may be often established by the physical examination alone. Conventional radiology and computerized tomography usefulness have been proved. In the vast majority of cases, early repair is recommended. The appropriate treatment is the reduction of the herniated bowel into the abdomen, the debridment of nonviable tissues, and a primary tension free closure of the detect.

Implante tumoral em sítio de trocarte após colecistectomia laparoscópica

The authors present two cases of unsuspected carcinoma of the gallbladder after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in which trocar site metastasis developed during their follow-up. In the first case, a 68 year-old woman with cholecystolithiasis underwent an uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Histologic examination revealed adenocarcinoma invading the mucosa and muscular layers of the gallbladder. The patient refused additional treatment. Seven months later, metastasis developed in the umbilical port site, which was excised. In the second case, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed for a symptomatic gallstone in a 78 year-old man. The gallbladder inspection showed thickenning of the infundibulum wall. Histological examination revealed adenocarcinoma invading serosa. No additional treatment was performed because of the patient's advanced age. A metastasis was identified in the 5 mm port site nine months after the operation. Two hepatic metastasis were also demonstrated by ultrasonography.

Descoberta simultânea de carcinomatose disseminada e carcinoma de cólon, após colecistectomia laparoscópica

A particularly rapid and fatal outcome has been noted in cases of malignant soft-tissue metastases occurring after cancer surgery. Abdominal wall metastases occurring in scars after laparotomy for cancer resection show a similar poor outcome. On the other hand, neoplasm seeding at trocar sites after laparoscopy has been reported with an increasing frequency. A case is presented of a 68-years-old woman with metastatic seeding of non-diagnosed colon cancer at the umbilical trocar site used for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The gallbladder was extracted through the umbilical incision. Pathological examination confirmed chronic cholecystitis. Eight months latter, the patient was seen with a tender umbilical mass protruded through a 4,5 cm the umbilical incision site. Biopsies of this tissue were taken and histopathological examination showed metastatic adenocarcinoma, probably of a gastrointestinal origin. A colonoscopy performed at the same time revealed a 2-cm lesion at the hepatic flexur which was shown to be a differentiated adenocarcinoma. An 8.0 x 6.0 x 6.0-cm pelvic mass without signs of liver metastases was identified by computerised tomography. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed a diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis. The pelvis could not be approached, except for simple biopsy, and no surgical procedure was performed. It is presumed that the primary colon cancer existed prior to cholecystectomy. Laparoscopy is the procedure of choice to perform cholecystectomy and fundoplication. It has also been increasingly used to diagnose, resect and perform the staging of malignant tumours. As in any relatively new technique, questions arising about its safety and risk of complications must be extensively studied. Many questions about the specific features of laparoscopy promoting cancer growth remain unanswered.

Hérnia diafragmática traumática crônica e fístula gastropleurocutânea

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is defined as a laceration of the diaphragm with an abdominal viscera herniation into the thorax. It is usually asymptomatic, with the exception of the cases with obstruction, strangulation, necrosis or perforation of the herniaded viscera. It is classified as acute, latent or chronic, in accordance with the evolutive period. At the latent phase, symptoms are indefinite and the radiological signals, which are suggestive of thoracic affections, are frequent and can induce a diagnosis error, leading to inadequate treatment.This article presents a case of chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia which was complicated by a gastricpleuralcutaneous fistula, due to an inadequate thoracic drainage. Considering that this is a chronic affection with an unquestionable surgical indication, due to the complications risk, it is essential to have a detailed diagnostic investigation, which aims at both avoiding an intempestive or inadequate therapeutics behaviour and reducing the affection morbimortality. Recently, the videolaparoscopic approach has proved to be more precise when compared to the other diagnostic methods, by direct visualization of the diaphragmatic laceration, allowing its correction by an immediate suture.

Lipídios plasmáticos após esplenectomia total e parcial em cães

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da esplenectomia total e parcial (hemiesplenectomia e esplenectomia subtotal) no lipidograma de cães. MÉTODO: Foram operados 38 animais, adultos, machos, mestiços, com peso entre 13kg e 15kg. No pré-operatório, depois do exame clínico e jejum de 12 horas de uma dieta-padrão, foram realizados hemograma e lipidograma. Após anestesia geral com tiopental sódico os cães foram submetidos à laparotomia mediana supra e infra-umbilical. Procedeu-se no grupo 1, de sete cães, apenas à manipulação do baço (simulado); no grupo 2, de nove cães, à hemiesplenectomia cranial; no grupo 3, de nove cães, à esplenectomia subtotal, com preservação do pólo inferior do baço, após ligadura e secção dos troncos principais dos vasos esplênicos próximos ao hilo; e no grupo 4, de 13 cães, à esplenectomia total. RESULTADOS: No grupo 4 (esplenectomia total), quando comparamos os valores do lipidograma dos diferentes períodos pós-operatórios com os do pré-operatório, os nossos resultados mostraram que houve aumento significante do colesterol total em todos os períodos pós-operatórios (p < 0,05, p < 0,01). O HDL aumentou significantemente no 7º (p < 0,01) e 28º dias de pós-operatório (PO) (p < 0,05), e não significantemente (p>0,05) no 56º PO. O LDL aumentou significantemente no 56º PO (p < 0,01) em relação também aos demais períodos do pós-operatório. Os triglicerídeos e VLDL não apresentaram alterações significantes. Nos animais dos grupos 1 e 3 não houve alterações significantes. Nos do grupo 2, houve aumento significante do colesterol no 7º PO. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante de peso entre os remanescentes das esplenectomias parciais. CONCLUSÕES: A análise dos resultados nos permitiu concluir que a esplenectomia total induz aumento significante do colesterol total, das frações HDL e LDL, enquanto os níveis de triglicerídios e a fração VLDL não sofrem alterações; a conservação da metade inferior do baço ou a esplenectomia subtotal, com preservação do pólo inferior, protege o animal de alterações lipídicas significantes.

Hérnia diafragmática traumática

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is an uncommon but important problem in the patient with multiple injuries. Since diaphragmatic injuries are difficult to diagnose, those that are missed may present with latent symptoms of bowel obstruction and strangulation. The same may occur in the patients with stab wounds to the lower chest. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia should be suspected on the basis of an abnormal chest radiograph in the trauma victim with multiple injuries. This article discuss about history, epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic modalities, treatment and complications.

Uso primário da membrana amniótica na redução de onfaloceles gigantes

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a eficiência da redução de grandes onfaloceles utilizando o âmnio como "silo". MÉTODO: Doze pacientes com onfaloceles gigantes submetidos à redução progressiva pela inversão do âmnio. RESULTADOS: Obtida redução completa entre cinco e dez dias, sem necessidade de prótese, em dez pacientes. Foram colocados dois "silos" por ruptura do âmnio durante a redução, com um óbito por septicemia. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar da casuística ser pequena, o método se mostrou confiável e eficaz no tratamento definitivo das grandes onfaloceles.

Extração de fitobezoar gástrico por videolaparoscopia: considerações técnicas originais

Videolaparoscopic surgery has been used for treatment of almost all surgical abdominal diseases, mainly where there are no large ressections, or operative field is limited. In these situations, laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of less morbidity, quick recovery and good cosmetic results. Bezoars removal, or its mobilization, is probably included in these possible proceedings. Three non-laparotomic procedures were described: 1. endoscopic-laparoscopic; 2. videolaparoscopy and mobilization of intestinal bezoar to the cecum; 3. laparoscopy and gastrotomy for bezoar removal, through suprapubic incision or the umbilical punction. There have been only two publications describing the videolaparoscopic method for bezoar removal, and the methods applied can be complications or morbidity related. We describe one case where the applied technique is simple and easy to perform, time saving and probably less complications-related. This technique, with four trocars, utilized a plastic bag besides the stomach to be opened, followed by gastrotomy, bezoar removal and immediate introduction in the plastic bag, suture of gastrotomy and removal through the left subcostal trocar. This technique was feasible and easy to perform, with short operative time, and there were no intra or post-operative complications; the patient was discharged in the second post-operative day, and is without further problems after one year follow-up. We believe that this could be an adequate technique to perform laparoscopic gastric bezoar removal, and the rigid sequence of operative events allows a quick procedure, with minimal contamination. The videolaparoscopy seems to be an adequate access to surgical treatment of gastro-intestinal bezoars, with or without obstruction, and should be the ellected the procedure of choice to begin the surgical treatment, with convertion to laparotomy in case of any intra-operative adversity.

Hérnia lombar encarcerada complicada com obstrução intestinal e perfuração de ceco

Lumbar hernia is defined as an abdominal passage through the posterior abdominal wall. Approximately 250 to 300 cases have been described in the literature, being quite infrequent. Untreated lumbar hernia may result in severe complications. The authors report a case of a 60 year old male patient presenting a large bowel obstruction and perfuration secundary to incarceration of descending colon within a lumbar hernia. This was diagnosed by clinical history and computed tomography. The patient was successfully treated surgically.

Hérnia de Littré

Littré's hernia is an extremely rare surgical event. It is characterized by the presence of Meckel's diverticulum in the hernial sack. The authors report one case of Littré's hernia in a 42 year-old male who had the diagnosis accomplished in the intraoperative. The diverticulum presented no signs of complications and was treated conservatively , without exeresis.

Hérnia de Morgagni simulando lipoma torácico

The Morgagni hernia is the rarest kind of diaphragmatic hernia , occurring in 3% of all cases. It consists of the protrusion of the abdominal content into the thoracic cavity including omentum and transverse colon, among others. It is more common in the right side and appears more frequently after 40 years of age or after a raise in the intra-abdominal pressure. Patients with Morgagni hernia are usually asymptomatic. In the X-ray it appears like an opaque image in the cardiophrenic angle.Surgical correction is the treatment of choice for this conditions. We present one case of Morgagni hernia successfully treated.

Gastrostomia de incisão única como alternativa para o procedimento endoscópico

OBJETIVO: A gastrostomia, realizada para possibilitar acesso nutricional ou descompressão, é comumente realizada por via endoscópica, por radiologia intervencionista, e, mais raramente, por via cirúrgica através de videolaparoscopia ou incisão mediana supra-umbilical. Os métodos endoscópico e radiológico, apesar de estabelecidos em muitos centros, não constituem rotina em hospitais comunitários pela necessidade de pessoal qualificado e material descartável, sendo usualmente realizada a gastrostomia cirúrgica com incisão mediana e anestesia geral. A Gastrostomia de Incisão Única descrita neste trabalho é um novo método cirúrgico menos invasivo, que foi desenvolvido para ser realizado sob anestesia local, com uma única incisão e sem necessidade de equipamento especial. MÉTODO: Quinze pacientes elegíveis para gastrostomia por diferentes indicações foram operados sob anestesia local. Após incisão subcostal de 1cm sobre o músculo reto abdominal esquerdo, uma área de parede gástrica era localizada, com ajuda de azul de metileno injetado no estômago, e exteriorizada através da incisão. Duas suturas em bolsa eram realizadas e a sonda gástrica introduzida. O estômago era fixado à aponeurose, resultando em uma gastrostomia de incisão única, segura e bem fixada. Alimentação pôde ser iniciada através da gastrostomia em 24 a 48hs. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à técnica com sucesso. Complicações menores ocorreram em três pacientes: um apresentou alargamento do estoma, necessitando de sutura local adicional, e em outro, ocorreu deiscência parcial de mucosa que foi tratada conservadoramente. Em um terceiro paciente, houve lesão iatrogênica de cólon transverso, que foi suturada sem intercorrências. O tempo operatório médio foi de 49,4 min, e a introdução de alimentação foi de 34,3 hs em média. Não houve falha na instituição de dieta com esta técnica, nem complicações maiores como fístula ou peritonite. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados desta casuística inicial sugerem que a abordagem é efetiva em propiciar um acesso rápido e seguro para gastrostomia, com ferida única, dispensando o uso de suporte endoscópico e anestesia geral. Pode ser utilizado como opção ao método endoscópico em pacientes com obstrução neoplásica faríngea ou esofageana. Uma casuística mais expressiva, acompanhamento mais longo dos casos, e estudos prospectivos randomizados são necessários para estabelecer o papel desta nova técnica na rotina cirúrgica.