189 resultados para 210-1277A
Resumo:
A miniestaquia é um método de propagação vegetativa muito utilizado na formação de minijardins clonais de Eucalyptus. Essa técnica poderia ser aplicada à multiplicação rápida de novos genótipos da goiabeira visando a dar suporte a trabalhos de melhoramento e, também, como tecnologia mais apropriada para uso em programas de produção de mudas certificadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da técnica da miniestaquia como método de propagação da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). Seedlings de goiabeira foram despontados aos 118 dias após semeadura e, com os despontes, foram preparadas 210 miniestacas com 13,5 mm a 37,9 mm de comprimento, colocadas para enraizamento em substrato comercial, em câmara de nebulização intermitente. Quarenta dias após o estaqueamento, verificou-se que 76% das miniestacas enraizaram e emitiram parte aérea. As minitouceiras de goiabeira apresentaram média de 1,52 brotação por seedling despontado. Aos 39 dias após o desponte, foram preparadas miniestacas das rebrotas emitidas pelos seedlings. Trinta e cinco dias após o estaqueamento, essas miniestacas, com comprimento médio de 13,56 mm, apresentaram 100% de enraizamento. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstram a viabilidade da miniestaquia para multiplicação rápida da goiabeira, o que pode auxiliar nos trabalhos de melhoramento em seleções preliminares de genótipos de interesse.
Resumo:
Vários frutos de espécies nativas da região semiárida possuem grande potencial de comercialização, dentre eles destaca-se o umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa, Arr. Câmara). Entretanto, cultivos comerciais desta espécie são limitados pela dificuldade da obtenção de mudas, em função principalmente da dormência de suas sementes. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os métodos de superação de dormência da semente de umbuzeiro, visando a promover incrementos nas taxas de germinação, uniformidade e vigor das plântulas. Foram montados dois experimentos independentes. Os tratamentos do primeiro experimento foram: testemunha, imersão dos pirênios em água por 24 horas, imersão dos pirênios em solução de ácido giberélico com 1.000 mg/L por 24 horas, escarificação dos pirênios com ácido sulfúrico PA por 10 minutos e escarificação mecânica. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos consistiram em se plantar os pirênios com 0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150; 180 e 210 dias de armazenados em sacos de papel sob condições de laboratório, a uma temperatura média de 22,5C° e umidade relativa do ar média de 65%. No primeiro estudo, constatou-se que houve efeito significativo dos métodos de superação de dormência, sendo que escarificação mecânica foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados, com uma taxa de germinação média aos 60 dias pós-plantio de 26,6%. Já no segundo, as sementes armazenadas influenciaram positivamente na germinação e no vigor da plântula. Os melhores resultados para uniformidade e porcentagem de germinação (83%) foram obtidos entre 120 e 210 dias de armazenamento das sementes, enquanto para o comprimento e massa fresca da radícula e hipocótilo foram entre 120 e 150 dias.
Resumo:
Physalis peruviana L. é uma espécie que vem sendo incorporada em plantios de pequenas frutas. Esta frutífera é tratada como anual, e o principal método de propagação é por sementes. Seu cultivo apresenta uma dinâmica de colheita diferenciada, com duração do período de colheita superior a três meses. Acredita-se que, devido ao extenso período de colheita, associado a diferentes épocas de semeadura, irão ocorrer variações nas características dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas, químicas e fitoquímicas de frutos de Physalis peruviana ao longo do período de colheita, em função de duas épocas de plantio. O experimento foi realizado no período de 2007/2008. A semeadura foi realizada em duas épocas (04-09-2007 e 26-11-2007), e o transplante foi realizado quando as plantas estavam no estádio de duas folhas verdadeiras. Os frutos foram colhidos aos 120; 150; 180; 210 e 240 dias após o transplante e avaliados quanto à massa total e a coloração da epiderme, assim como quanto aos seus teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), fenóis e de carotenoides totais, razão SS/AT e atividade antioxidante. Os frutos de Physalis apresentaram variações físicas, químicas e fitoquímicas ao longo do período de colheita, para as duas datas de semeadura. O desenvolvimento das plantas, após o transplantio, levou a acréscimo nos valores de massa, nos teores de sólidos solúveis, fenóis e carotenoides, assim como na razão SS/AT. Na coloração e na atividade antioxidante, os maiores valores foram obtidos na primeira colheita (120 dias). A semeadura realizada em setembro proporcionou a obtenção de frutos com melhor qualidade.
Resumo:
RESUMOEste estudo teve como objetivo verificar o desempenho agronômico de porta-enxertos de macieira da série Geneva® sobre o controle do vigor, a produção anual e acumulada, a eficiência produtiva e a massa fresca média de frutos das cultivares Gala e Fuji, em relação aos porta-enxertos tradicionalmente usados no meio-oeste de Santa Catarina, M.9 e MM.111. Os porta-enxertos da série Geneva® foram mais eficientes no controle do vigor e na eficiência produtiva da ‘Gala’ e da ‘Fuji’ que o MM.111. Todos induziram maior produção acumulada que o M.9, com maior destaque ao ‘G.213’ e ao ‘G.210’ para as duas cultivares; e ao ‘G.202’ para a ‘Fuji’. Em eficiência produtiva, todos foram superiores ao ‘MM.111’. O ‘G.213’ e o ‘CG.22’ foram mais eficientes que o ‘M.9’ para a ‘Gala’. Para a ‘Fuji’, todos foram mais eficientes que o ‘M.9’, com exceção do ‘CG.22’. Considerando todas as características avaliadas, os porta-enxertos G.213 (ananizante) e G.210 (semiananizante) são as opções mais promissoras de novos porta-enxertos para ambas as cultivares de macieira avaliadas. O G.202 também se mostrou promissor para a ‘Fuji’.
Resumo:
Abstract Objective: To evaluate three-dimensional translational setup errors and residual errors in image-guided radiosurgery, comparing frameless and frame-based techniques, using an anthropomorphic phantom. Materials and Methods: We initially used specific phantoms for the calibration and quality control of the image-guided system. For the hidden target test, we used an Alderson Radiation Therapy (ART)-210 anthropomorphic head phantom, into which we inserted four 5mm metal balls to simulate target treatment volumes. Computed tomography images were the taken with the head phantom properly positioned for frameless and frame-based radiosurgery. Results: For the frameless technique, the mean error magnitude was 0.22 ± 0.04 mm for setup errors and 0.14 ± 0.02 mm for residual errors, the combined uncertainty being 0.28 mm and 0.16 mm, respectively. For the frame-based technique, the mean error magnitude was 0.73 ± 0.14 mm for setup errors and 0.31 ± 0.04 mm for residual errors, the combined uncertainty being 1.15 mm and 0.63 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The mean values, standard deviations, and combined uncertainties showed no evidence of a significant differences between the two techniques when the head phantom ART-210 was used.
Resumo:
This work reviews recent studies of underpotential deposition (UPD) of several metals on Pt and Au substrates performed in the Grupo de Materiais Eletroquímicos e Métodos Eletroanalíticos (IQSC -- USP, São Carlos). The UPD Cu, Cd and Pb on Pt were analysed in terms of their influence in the oxygen evolution reaction. Partial blockage of surface active sites, promoted by Pb ad-atoms, resulted in a change from water to hydrogen peroxide as the final product. The Ag UPD on Pt and Au substrates was also discussed in this work. A detailed model of charge calculation for Ag monolayer was developed and confirmed by the rotating ring-disk data. The partial charge transfer in UPD studies was analysed in the Cd/Pt and Cd/Au systems and a value of 0.5 was found for the adsorption electrovalence of Cd ad-ions. The Sn/Pt UPD systems were studied from the point of view of the valences of metallic ions in solution. The deposition from Sn(IV) generates a full monolayer with a maximum occupation of approximately 40% of the surface active sites (340 µC cm-2) plus 105 µC cm-2 of Hads (half monolayer). Changing the metallic ion for Sn(II), it was possible to deposit a full monolayer (210 µC cm-2) without any detectable Hads. Finally, the effect of anions was discussed in the Zn/Pt and Zn/Au systems. Here, the hydrogen evolution reaction (her) and the hydrogen adsorption/desorption were used in order to investigate the maximum coverage of the surface with Zn ad-atoms. The full monolayer, characterised by the complete absence of Hads, was achieved only in 0.5 M HF solutions.
Resumo:
KBrO3 is registered by the FAO/OMS as a genotoxic and carcinogenic compound. In spite of this, KBrO3 is still employed by Brazilian bakeries. Nowadays ion exchange chromatography (IEC) is the most rapid and trustful method for BrO3- analysis. When at high concentrations, chloride ions can interfere in the BrO3- analysis, if the detection is performed by electrical conductivity. On the other hand, spectrophotometric detection, presented here is based on the absorption of BrO3- in the ultraviolet region (210 - 230 nm) where the absortion of chloride ions is very low, thus making possible the qualitative and quantitative analysis of BrO3- in flour improver samples.
Resumo:
This work reports the analysis of inorganic and organic contaminants in alcohol fuel samples using capillary electrophoresis. Chloride and sulfate were analyzed in nitrate/ monochloroacetic acid at 10 mmol L-1 concentration each under indirect UV detection (210 nm). The analysis of aldehydes is based on the 216 nm detection of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone adducts. The running buffer consisted of 20 mmol L-1 tetraborate , 40 mmol L-1 sodium dodecyl sufate and 12 mmol L-1 beta-ciclodextrin. Both methodologies were applied to real samples indicating inorganic ion concentrations from 0.15 to 6.64 mg kg-1 and aldehydes from 32.0 to 91.3 mg L-1.
Resumo:
A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method (MEKC) is described for determining residues of amphenicols(chloramphenicol,thiamphenicol and florfenicol) in bovine milk. MEKC is conducted by using a separation buffer consisting of 20 mM Na2HPO4, 10 mM Na2B4O7, 50 mM SDS at pH 8.0; UV detection at 210 nm and 10 kV of voltage. The limit of detection ranged from 4.3-5.3 µg L-1. The MEKC method was applied for the simultaneous determination of amphenicols in milk samples spiked with amphenicols at three concentration levels: 10, 30 and 50 µg L-1. Recoveries ranging from 91-105% were obtained by following a simple extraction/preconcentration procedure.
Resumo:
The thermochromic behavior exhibited by vanadium(IV) alkoxides, [V2(μ-OPr i)2(OPr i) 6] and [V2(μ-ONep)2(ONep)6 ], OPr i = isopropoxide and ONep = neopentoxide, was studied by molecular modeling using DFT, TDDFT and INDO/S methods. The vibrational and electronic spectra calculated for [V2(μ-OPr i)2(OPr i) 6] were very similar to the experimental data registered for crystalline samples of the complex and for its solutions at low temperature (< 210 K), while spectra recorded at high temperature (> 315 K) were compatible with those calculated for the monomeric form, [V(OPr i)4]. These results consistently point to a monomer/dimer equilibrium as an explanation for the solution thermochromism of {V(OPr i)4}n. In spite of the structural similarity between [V2(μ-ONep)2(ONep)6 ] and [V2(μ-OPr i)2(OPr i) 6] in the solid state, the thermochromic behavior of the former could not be explained by the same model, and the possibility of tetranuclear aggregation at low temperatures was also investigated.
Resumo:
An HPLC method was developed and validated aiming to quantify the cyclosporine-A incorporated into intraocular implants, released from them; and in direct contact with the degradation products of PLGA. The separation was carried out in isocratic mode using acetonitrile/water (70:30) as mobile phase, a C18 column at 80 ºC and UV detection at 210 nm. The method provided selectivity based on resolution among peaks. It was linear over the range of 2.5-40.0 µg/mL. The quantitation and detection limits were 0.8 and 1.2 µg/mL, respectively. The recovery was 101.8% and intra-day and inter-day precision was close to 2%.
Resumo:
Mercury (Hg) occurs in the environment as a natural and anthropogenic element, and through the years the accumulation of mercury has affected the integrity of ecosystems and human health. This study presents a screening of microorganisms resistant to organic and inorganic mercury, the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of Hg, the estimation of the mercury volatilization by selected microorganisms and the dynamics of volatilization. Eight Gram-negative bacteria resistant to high concentrations of mercury (60 to 210 mg L-1) were selected, and these isolates showed ability to volatilize the metal. The dynamics of the volatilization of the Proteus mirabilis M50C demonstrated that in only 4 h of incubation it was possible to volatilize 72% of the mercury present in the culture. The results showed promising application for bioremediation strategies.
Resumo:
Prior to obtain a standardized dried extract from V. ferruginea, lupeol was first time isolated from leaves and used as chemical maker. An analytical method using HPLC-PDA for lupeol determination in V. ferruginea intermediate products was developed using a C8 reverse-phase column, acetonitrile-acetic acid (99.99:0.01, v/v) as mobile phase at 0.8 mL min-1, oven temperature at 23-25 ºC, sample injection volume at 30 µL and detection at 210 nm. The method presented linearity from 10 to 160 µg mL-1, accuracy, precision, robustness and suitable sensitivity proving to be a useful tool to the obtainment process of lupeol standardized dried extracts of V. ferruginea.
Resumo:
The effect of moisture content in the steam treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was evaluated. Steam treatment was perfomed at 195-210 ºC for 4-8 min using cane bagasse with moisture contents in the range 16-100 wt% (dry basis). Increased moisture contents not only had a positive influence in recovery of main cane biomass components but also resulted in better substrates for enzymatic hydrolysis. As a result, drying is not required for optimal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, which can be processed into second generation ethanol immediately after crushing and hot water washing.
Resumo:
A furan-triazole derivative has been explored as an ionophore for preparation of a highly selective Pr(III) membrane sensor. The proposed sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Pr(III) activity over a wide concentration range with a detection limit of 5.2×10-8 M. Its response is independent of pH of the solution in the range 3.0-8.8 and offers the advantages of fast response time. To investigate the analytical applicability of the sensor, it was applied successfully as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Pr(III) solution and also in the direct and indirect determination of trace Pr(III) ions in some samples.