Efeito da germinação de soja CV. BR-13 e Paraná sobre ácido fítico, fósforo total e inibidores de tripsina

Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da germinação sobre os constituintes antinutricionais da soja, ácido fítico, P total e inibidores de tripsina, que interferem na utilização de proteínas e outras substâncias. A diminuição no aproveitamento de nutrientes resulta em inibição de crescimento, hipoglicemia ou danos a tecidos animais. Para os ensaios foram utilizadas as cultivares de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ) BR-13 e Paraná. As sementes foram incubadas em câmara de germinação a 25°C e 100% de umidade, de 0 a 72 horas, com coleta de amostras em intervalos eqüidistantes de seis horas. A cultivar Paraná apresentou teores superiores de ácido fítico, P total e inibidores de tripsina, em relação à cultivar BR-13. As análises de variância e comparações entre médias indicaram que houve aumentos significativos (p < 0,05) nos teores de P total (8,5% e 3,6% nas cultivares BR-13 e Paraná, respectivamente) e nos níveis de inibidores de tripsina (22,05% e 17,10% nas cultivares BR-13 e Paraná, respectivamente), e reduções nos teores de ácido fítico (15,96% e 9,46% nas cultivares BR-13 e Paraná, respectivamente), em 72 horas de germinação.

População microbiana total e solubilizadora de fosfato em solo submetido a diferentes sistemas de cultivo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes espécies de plantas, fontes de fósforo e calagem sobre a população microbiana total e solubilizadora de fosfato. Foram isolados fungos e bactérias capazes de solubilizar hidroxiapatita, proporcionando P solúvel. O experimento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com fatorial 3x3x2. E os fatores avaliados foram espécies de plantas (controle, braquiária e guandu), fertilizantes (controle, superfosfato simples e fosfato de rocha, ambos na dose de 400 kg ha-1 de P(2)0(5) ) e calagem (com e sem calcário). A população bacteriana cresceu pelo efeito da calagem, e a de fungos aumentou, independentemente da calagem, nas parcelas cultivadas com braquiária e fertilizadas com superfosfato. Foi constatado incremento de biomassa-P microbiana sobre o controle por influência da braquiária (23,9%), do superfosfato (30,9%) e da calagem (46,9%). O número de bactérias solubilizadoras foi favorecido pela calagem ou pelo plantio de guandu adubado com fosfato natural ou com braquiária sem adubação. Os fungos solubilizadores aumentaram na ausência de planta ou de adubação e na presença de guandu com fosfato natural. Finalmente, a calagem favoreceumais o crescimento dos fungos solubilizadores, em comparação com o controle, nos tratamentos fosfato natural, braquiária ou guandu.

Variação do potencial total da água em uma toposseqüência de solos de tabuleiro, durante dois anos

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quinzenalmente, em 1996 e 1997, a variação do potencial total da água ao longo do tempo, em solos de uma toposseqüência de tabuleiro localizada em Sapeaçu, BA. Esta toposseqüência tinha as seguintes características: a) comprimento de 190 m; b) declividade média de 0,097 m m-1; c) cultivo com laranja; d) Latossolo Amarelo argissólico coeso, no terço superior; e) Argissolo Amarelo coeso, no terço médio; f) Argissolo Acinzentado não coeso, no terço inferior. A umidade do solo foi medida com sonda de nêutrons, nas profundidades de 0,30, 0,70, 1,10 e 1,50 m. Com base nas respectivas curvas de retenção, obteve-se o potencial matricial e, em seguida, o potencial total da água, para cada solo, profundidade e tempo. A camada coesa dificulta o fluxo de água no solo, tanto no processo de molhamento como no de secamento. Em conseqüência, o potencial total da água em solos com camada coesa varia bruscamente na camada mais superficial, ao longo do tempo, e mais lentamente nas camadas mais profundas. Em solo não coeso, a variação brusca do potencial ocorre apenas na camada mais superficial. O limite de tensão de água no solo de -1.500 kPa como sendo o ponto de murchamento permanente não se aplica à cultura dos citros.

Derriçadora portátil na colheita total e seletiva de frutos do cafeeiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de derriçadoras portáteis durante a colheita seletiva e total dos frutos, em dois sistemas de colheita. Foram determinados a carga pendente da planta, a capacidade de derriça, o índice de desfolha, a eficiência de derriça, o índice de frutos verdes no produto, o nível de ruído e o consumo horário e específico de combustível. O sistema de colheita, utilizando-se duas derriçadoras portáteis, simultaneamente na mesma fileira de cafeeiros, apresentou melhor desempenho. A colheita seletiva foi muito influenciada pela porcentagem de frutos maduros e carga pendente do cafeeiro.

Modelo matemático para estimativa da área foliar total de bananeira 'Prata-anã'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo para estimar a área foliar total de bananeira, cultivar Prata-Anã, utilizando dimensões lineares da terceira folha, como o comprimento, a largura e o número total de folhas na emissão da inflorescência. As regressões lineares foram determinadas considerando-se a área foliar total de cada planta (AFT) como variável dependente e o comprimento (C) e a largura (L) da terceira folha, o produto de CxL, o número total de folhas por planta (N) e o produto de CxLxN como variáveis independentes. O modelo linear que melhor estimou a área foliar total (AFTe) da bananeira 'Prata-Anã', ao nível de 5% de significância com R² de 0,89, foi a equação AFTe = 0,5187(CxLxN) + 9603,5.

Carotenoids profile and total polyphenols in fruits of Pereskia aculeata Miller

Pereskia aculeata Mill. (Ora-pro-nóbis) is a native cactaceae from tropical America, whose leaves have high protein content. In Brazil it is found in all territorial extension between the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. Most studies have focused on chemical characterization of the leaves of this specie. The objective was to assess the carotenoids profile and the total polyphenols present in the fruits of P. aculeate. Carotenoids were determined by HPLC-PAD (high performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detector), total polyphenols were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin methods. Trans-β-carotene was the main carotenoid, followed by α-carotene, lutein and other minor carotenoids. It was found 64.9 ± 1.1 mg.100g-1 of gallic acid equivalent, 14.8 ± 0.2 mg.100g-1 of catechin equivalent. Carotenoid identification of P. aculeate fruits are presented here by the first time and indicate that these fruits can be researched as source of bioactive substances, especially antioxidant and provitamin A carotenoids.

Antioxidant compoundsand total antioxidant activity in fruits of acerola from cv. Flor Branca, Florida Sweet and BRS 366

Information on antioxidant properties at different ontological stages may help producers and food technologists to identify which cultivar and/or maturity stage are most adequate for their need, therefore this work aimed to study the changes in the antioxidant metabolism during acerola development. Fruit from cv. Flor Branca, BRS366 and Florida Sweet were harvested at different stages: immature green colored (I), physiologically mature with green color and maximum size (II), breaker (III) and full red ripe (IV). After harvest, fruits were selected, divided into four replications with 500 g each and evaluated regarding their titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, total soluble sugar, vitamin C, polyphenol, anthocyanin, yellow flavonoid, total antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Anthocyanin and flavonoid were determined through LC-DAD-ESI/MS and all analysis followed a completely randomized factorial 3 x 4 design. Fruits of 'Florida Sweet' presented significantly higher soluble solids (9.46ºBrix). Vitamin C content decreased during ripening, but ripe 'BRS 366' fruits showed the greatest values (1363 mg.100 g-1) and highest TAA with 42.36 µM TEAC.g-1FW. Cyanidin 3-rhamnoside (520.76 mg.100 g-1 DM) and quercetin 3-rhamnoside (33.72 mg.100 g-1 DM) were the most abundant anthocyanin and yellow flavonoids found mainly in 'Flor Branca' fruit of acerola, whose antioxidant enzymes activities were also higher. Ripe 'Florida Sweet' fruit presents a great potential for fresh consumption, meanwhile physiologically mature 'BRS 366' fruit seems the best option for the bioactive compounds processing industry. As 'Flor Branca' fruit of acerola kept the highest activity levels, it could be an indicative of greater potential for postharvest conservation.

Aganglionose total do cólon: aspectos radiológicos

A partir da observação de três pacientes com aganglionose total do cólon e de revisão da literatura, os autores salientam as particularidades diagnósticas desta entidade que justificam uma análise separada da forma típica da doença de Hirschsprung. Não há sinais radiológicos patognomônicos e o diagnóstico definitivo somente pode ser obtido pelo estudo histopatológico. Considerando sua alta incidência de complicações e mortalidade, a aganglionose total do cólon deve ser considerada em todo recém-nascido ou criança maior com evidências radiológicas de obstrução intestinal, quaisquer que sejam os achados de enema opaco.

Rotational assessment of distal femur and its relevance in total knee arthroplasty: analysis by magnetic resonance imaging

AbstractObjective:To define the distal femur rotation pattern in a Brazilian population, correlating such pattern with the one suggested by the arthroplasty instruments, and analyzing the variability of each anatomic parameter.Materials and Methods:A series of 101 magnetic resonance imaging studies were evaluated in the period between April and June 2012. The epidemiological data collection was performed with the aid of the institution's computed imaging system, and the sample included 52 male and 49 female patients. The measurements were made in the axial plane, with subsequent correlation and triangulation with the other plans. The posterior condylar line was used as a reference for angle measurements. Subsequently, the anatomical and surgical transepicondylar axes and the anteroposterior trochlear line were specified. The angles between the reference line and the studied lines were calculated with the aid of the institution's software.Results:The mean angle between the anatomical transepicondylar axis and the posterior condylar line was found to be 6.89°, ranging from 0.25° to 12°. For the surgical transepicondylar axis, the mean value was 2.89°, ranging from –2.23° (internal rotation) to 7.86°, and for the axis perpendicular to the anteroposterior trochlear line, the mean value was 4.77°, ranging from –2.09° to 12.2°.Conclusion:The anatomical transepicondylar angle showed mean values corresponding to the measurement observed in the Caucasian population. The utilized instruments are appropriate, but no anatomical parameter proved to be steady enough to be used in isolation.

Comparação de dois tipos de amostragem de chuva: deposição total e deposição apenas úmida em àrea costeira tropical

In a tropical coastal area. During 6 months the composition of rain samples collected simultaneously over 24h with an open collector and with an automatic opened collector (KFA - J¸lich Type) at 500m of the Atlantic coastline of Salvador were compared. All average concentrations were higher for the "total" samples than for the "wet only" samples, except for hydrogen ions, nitrate and ammonium.

Separação de espectros simulados e de luminescência total através do método generalizado de anulação do posto (GRAM)

A multivariate curve resolution method, "GENERALIZED RANK ANNIHILATION METHOD (GRAM)", is discussed and tested with simulated and experimental data. The analysis of simulated data provides general guidelines concerning the condition for uniqueness of a solution for a given problem. The second-order emission-excitation spectra of human and animal dental calculus deposits were used as an experimental data to estimate the performance of the above method. Three porphyrinic spectral profiles, for both human and cat, were obtained by the use of GRAM.

Sistema automático para determinação seqüencial de cianeto livre e total empregando eletrodo tubular íon-seletivo de membrana homogênea

This study presents an automated system for potentiometric determination of free and total cyanide which employs a homogeneous membrane tubular ion-selective electrode. After the electrode is assembled, it is connected to a system composed of 3 three-way solenoid valves, sample line, carrier line, acid stream, and gas diffusion chamber. A Turbo Pascal® computer program, developed specifically for this task, automatically performs all the steps involved in data acquisition and processing. The proposed analytical procedure offers operational simplicity, since detection is performed by a tubular electrode, whose assembly is fast and easy. The system has shown reproducibility (r.s.d. < 0.5%, n=6) and high speed (30 readings/hour); it is efficient for determination of free and total cyanide in waste waters of starch processing plants. The detection limit was 1.2x10-5 and 1.5x10-5 mol L-1, for determination of free and total cyanide, respectively. The linear response range was between 1.2x10-5 and 1.0x10-2 mol L-1 for free cyanide and between 1.5x10-5 and 1.0x10-2 for total cyanide.

Gota suspensa para avaliação de aldeído total no ar interno e externo do ambiente

A sensitive and simple system was proposed for the in situ measurement of total aldehyde in outdoor or indoor ambient. The method is based on the use of a reagent drop as an useful interface to preconcentrate the sample prior to determination of total aldehyde as formaldehyde. The drop is formed at the tip of a cylindrical tube that contains two optical fibers placed on opposite sides and in contact with the reagent solution. One optical fiber carries the red light to the drop form a light emitting diode (LED). The transmitted light is measured by a second optical fiber/photodiode system. The analytical signal is read and converted into absorbance. The reagent solution of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone (MBTH) forms a blue cation during reaction with formaldehyde that can be measured at 660 nm. Some aspects of kinetics reaction formation of dye were reevaluated. The formaldehyde reacts with MBTH and forms the azine in about 12 min. The oxidation of MBTH by Fe (III) and the formation of dye requires 3 min. The absorbance of the reagent drop is proportional to the sampling time and to the analyte concentration. The absorbance signal increases with increased sample gas flow until a maximum is reached then decreases until it forms a plateau. The proposed method was evaluated using both outdoor and indoor samples, and it was shown to viable provide an accurate measure of total aldehyde.

Distribuição de mercúrio total como indicador de poluição urbana e industrial na costa brasileira

The monitoring of the pollution status of the Brazilian coast is hampered by the lack of a consistent environmental indicator. We propose Hg as an environmental proxy to anthropogenic pollution of coastal regions due to its absence in the Brazilian geology, its ubiquity in anthropogenic effluents, and its toxicity. Available data suggest Hg "backgrounds" in coastal sediments of 1-10 ng g-1, in the East and 15-30 ng g-1 in the South. We suggest short sediment cores to establish these values estimating a geo-accumulation index to compare all areas. The distribution of index values showed the majority of southern coast at least moderately contaminated whereas many eastern areas are still pristine.

Espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con tubo en la llama: aplicación en la determinación total de cadmio, plomo y zinc en aguas frescas, agua de mar y sedimentos marinos

Thermospray flame furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) was used for the total determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in fresh water and seawater samples at µg L-1 levels, and in marine sediment samples at µg g-1 levels. Using a sample loop of 50 µL and a peristaltic pump the samples were transported into the metallic tube placed over an air/acetylene flame, through a ceramic capillary (o.d. = 3.2 mm) containing two parallel internal orifices (i.d = 0.5 mm). The detection limits determined for Cd, Pb and Zn using a synthetic water matrix (2.5% m/v NaCl, 0.5% m/v MgCl2 and 0.8% m/v CaCl2) were 0.32 µg L-1; 2.6 µg L-1 and 0.21 µg L-1 respectively. The methodology by TS-FF-AAS was validated by determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in certified reference materials of water and marine sediment, and the t-test for differences between means was applied. No statistically significant differences were established in fresh water and seawater (p>0.05), whereas differences became apparent in marine sediment (p<0.03).