Mapeamento das interações proteína-ligante através de técnicas de RMN de ¹H utilizando detecção do ligante

NMR is a valuable screening tool for the binding of ligands to proteins providing structural information on both protein and ligands and is thus largely applied to drug-discovery. Among the recent NMR techniques to probe weak binding protein-ligand complexes we have critically evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of STD (Saturation Transfer Difference), WaterLOGSY (Water Ligand Observation with Gradient Spectroscopy), NOE pumping and DOSY-NOESY (Diffusion-Ordered NOESY) using a mixture of BSA (bovine serum albumin) plus salicylic acid, caffeine, citric acid, adipic acid and D-glucose.

Efeito das interações hiperconjugativas na constante de acoplamento ¹J CH da hexametilenotetramina e do adamantano: estudo teórico e experimental

The objective of this work was to determine the influence of hyperconjugative interactions on the ¹J CH coupling constant for hexamethylenetetramine (1) and adamantane (2). For this end, theoretical and experimental ¹J CH were obtained and hyperconjugative interactions were investigated using NBO. It was observed, theoretically and experimentally, that ¹J CH in 1 is 20 Hz larger than in 2, mainly due to the nN®s*C-H hyperconjugative interaction. This interaction occurs only in 1, with an energy of 9.30 kcal mol-1. It increases the s-character of the carbon atom in the C-H bond and the occupancy of the sigma*C-H orbital in (1).

Operador dipolo-dipolo na base de momento angular: um complemento ao estudo de ressonância magnética nuclear

The relationship between the magnetic dipole-dipole potential energy function and its quantum analogue is presented in this work. It is assumed the reader is familiar with the classical expression of the dipolar interaction and has basic knowledge of the quantum mechanics of angular momentum. Except for these two points only elementary steps are involved.

Fotoprotetores derivados de produtos naturais: perspectivas de mercado e interações entre o setor produtivo e centros de pesquisa

Ultraviolet radiation is the major exogenous mediators of skin damage. To prevent such damage, sunscreen products are used. New research aims at both the elucidation of new sunscreen compounds, as well as new assets for supporting and synergistic action. In this article it is presented a systematic data of innovation for sunscreen and a discussion on prospects for partnership between universities and enterprises, where it is believed that the innovations in cosmetics, driven by the constant demand of the market in new products, may be a stimulus for the interactions between university and company in Brazil.

Uso das técnicas de infravermelho e de ressonância magnética nuclear na caracterização da reação ácido-base de um cimento odontológico experimental

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are products of the acid-base setting reaction between an finely fluoro-alumino silicate glass powder and poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solution. The sol gel method is an adequate route of preparation of the glasses used to obtain the GICs. The objective of this paper was to compare two powders: a commercial and an experimental and to investigate the structural changes during hardening of the cements by FTIR and Al MAS NMR. These analyses showed that the experimental glass powder reacted with organic acid to form the GICs and it is a promising material to manufacture dental cements.

Estudo das interações entre o complexo polieletrolítico trimetilquitosana/carboximetilcelulose e Cu+2, ácido húmico e atrazina em solução aquosa

The polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) resulting from the reaction of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and N,N,N-trimethylchitosan hydrochloride (TMQ) was prepared and then characterized by infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X rays analysis. The interactions involving the PEC and Cu2+ ions, humic acid and atrazine in aqueous medium were studied. From the adsorption isotherms the maximum amount adsorbed (Xmax) was determined as 61 mg Cu2+/g PEC, 171 mg humic acid/g PEC and 5 mg atrazine/g PEC. The results show that the CMC/TMQ complex has a high affinity for the studied species, indicating its potential application to remove them from aqueous media.

Avaliação por SAXS e DSC das interações entre H2O e Renex-100

The aggregation behavior of the non-ionic surfactant Renex-100 in aqueous solutions and mesophases was evaluated by SAXS in a wide range of concentrations, between 20 and 30 °C. Complementary, water interactions were defined by DSC curves around 0°C. SAXS showed that the system undergoes the following phase transitions, from diluted to concentrated aqueous solutions: 1) isotropic solution of Renex aggregates; 2) hexagonal mesophase; 3) lamellar mesophase; and 4) isotropic solution. DSC analysis indicated the presence of interfacial water above 70wt%, which agreed with the segregation of free water to form the structural mesophases observed by SAXS bellow this concentration.

Caracterização por ressonância magnética nuclear de sucos de maçã obtidos por preparações enzimáticas

In this work, ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H NMR) was employed to evaluate changes in apple juice in response to the addition of Panzym® Yieldmash and Ultrazym® AFP-L enzymatic complexes and compare it with premium apple juice. The juice was processed at different temperatures and concentrations of enzymatic complexes. The differences in the results were attributed mainly to the enzyme concentrations, since temperature did not cause any variation. A quantitative analysis indicated that the concentration of fructose increased while the concentrations of sucrose and glucose decreased in response to increasing concentrations of the enzymatic complexes.

INTERAÇÕES FÁRMACO-RECEPTOR: APLICAÇÕES DE TÉCNICAS COMPUTACIONAIS EM AULA PRÁTICA SOBRE A EVOLUÇÃO DOS INIBIDORES DA ENZIMA CONVERSORA DE ANGIOTENSINA

Teaching classes and events regarding the molecular aspects of drug-receptor interactions is not an easy task. The ligand stereochemistry and the spatial arrangement of the macromolecular targets highly increase the complexity of the process. In this context, the use of alternative and more playful approaches could allow students to gain a more thorough understanding of this important topic in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe a practical teaching approach that uses computational strategies as a tool for drug-receptor interaction studies performed for angiotencsin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). Firstly, the students learn how to find the crystallographic structure (enzyme-ligand complex). Then, they proceed to the treatment of crude crystallographic data. Thereafter, they learn how to analyze the positioning of the drug on the active site of the enzyme, looking for regions related to the molecular recognition. At the end of the study, students can summarize the molecular requirements for the interaction and the structure-activity relationships of the studied drugs.

RESSONÂNCIA MAGNÉTICA NUCLEAR DE SUBSTÂNCIAS ORGANOFLUORADAS: UM DESAFIO NO ENSINO DE ESPECTROSCOPIA

Nuclear magnetic resonance is a technique that is widely used for elucidating and characterizing organic substances. Organofluorine substances have applications in many areas from drugs to liquid crystals, but their NMR spectra are often challenging due to fluoride coupling with other nuclei. For this reason, NMR spectra of this class of substances are not commonly covered in undergraduate and graduate chemistry courses and related fields. Thus, the aim of this work was the presentation and discussion of 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectra of eleven organofluorine substances which, in the case of 1H and 13C nuclei, showed classic patterns of first-order coupling and the effects of the fluorine nucleus in different chemical and magnetic environments. In addition, the observation of long distance coupling constants was possible through the use of apodization functions in the processing of the spectra. It is expected that the examples presented herein can be utilized and discussed in undergraduate and graduate NMR spectroscopy disciplines and thus improve the teaching and future research of organofluorine compounds.

CROMATOGRAFIA POR INTERAÇÕES HIDROFILICAS (HILIC): ESTADO DA ARTE E APLICAÇÕES

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has been gaining increased attention for its effective separation of highly polar compounds, which include carbohydrates, amino acids, pharmaceutical compounds, proteins, glycoproteins, nucleosides, etc. Polar compounds are usually poorly retained on reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) columns or have poor solubility in the apolar mobile phase of normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC). Since HILIC uses organic solvents such as ACN or MeOH ( > 70%), also used in RP-HPLC and polar stationary phases similar to NP-HPLC (bare silica, diol, amino, amide, saccharide, zwitterionic stationary phases, etc.), it represents a hybrid of the two separation modes. The high organic content in the MP leads to good compatibility with mass spectrometry (MS), increasing the detectivity. This review describes the fundamentals of HILIC and highlights some interesting applications.

Efeito de diferentes variáveis na infetividade de estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus em plantas de melancia

Este trabalho teve como objetivo inicial selecionar uma estirpe fraca do Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) de bolhas de folhas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus) com mosaico. A infetividade dessa estirpe, PRSV-W-3, em plantas de melancia foi comparada com a das estirpes fracas PRSV-W-1 e PRSV-W-2, previamente selecionadas de bolhas de folhas de abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo) cv. Caserta com mosaico. Além do efeito da origem da estirpe fraca na infetividade de plantas de melancia, avaliaram-se, ainda, os efeitos da concentração do inóculo, da espécie da planta fonte do inóculo e da idade da planta de melancia inoculada. Como controle, foi utilizada uma estirpe severa do vírus obtida de abobrinha de moita (PRSV-W-C). A avaliação do efeito da concentração e da espécie da planta fonte do inóculo foi feita com extratos de quatro, oito, 12 e 16 discos de folhas de abobrinha de moita e de melancia, infetadas separadamente com as estirpes fracas e severa, e diluídos em 2 ml de tampão fosfato. O efeito da idade da planta-teste de melancia foi estudado comparando-se plantas inoculadas em três estádios de desenvolvimento, com inóculos das estirpes do PRSV-W extraídos de 12 discos foliares/2 ml de tampão. Em todos os testes de infetividade, independente da concentração do inóculo, da planta fonte do inóculo e do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta-teste, a estirpe fraca PRSV-W-3 apresentou taxas de infetividade semelhantes as das estirpes PRSV-W-1 e PRSV-W-2, chegando a 100% em alguns casos. A infetividade da estirpe severa PRSV-W-C foi de 100%. A infetividade das três estirpes fracas está mais diretamente associada à intensidade de fricção das folhas no momento da inoculação do que às outras variáveis estudadas.

A INTERAÇÃO ENTRE A FORMA E A MATÉRIA EM TOMÁS DE AQUINO E AS INTERAÇÕES DO SISTEMA CARTESIANO

Este artigo explora a relação que Descartes estabelece com as noções de forma e de matéria do aristotelismo escolástico ao tratar da interação entre as substâncias nas correspondências com Elisabeth, Gassendi e Arnauld. Partindo do exemplo do peso utilizado por Descartes em diversas cartas, traça-se uma relação de identidade entre a noção de forma em Tomás de Aquino e de pensamento em Descartes, assim como se traça a crítica à noção de forma, entendida como qualidade oculta, para os corpos inanimados. Por fim, explora-se a interpretação ocasionalista do sistema cartesiano e a relevância dos movimentos celestes para a explicação dos movimentos naturais em Tomás de Aquino.

Especificidade de hospedeiro nas interações Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris - brássicas

Face às escassas informações acerca da variabilidade patogênica de isolados brasileiros de Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, realizou-se um estudo para avaliar a especificidade patogênica de trinta e três isolados do patógeno, provenientes de várias regiões do Brasil e do exterior, a oito espécies de brássicas, através de inoculação por meio de injeção da suspensão bacteriana nas folhas. Desse total, 12 isolados foram obtidos de couve-comum (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), nove de repolho (B. oleracea var. capitata), cinco de couve-flor (B. oleracea var. botrytis), dois de canola (B. napus), um de brócolos (B. oleracea var. italica), um de couve-chinesa (B. chinensis), um de couve-rábano (B. oleracea var. gongylodes) e dois de rabanete (Raphanus sativus). A avaliação da patogenicidade dos isolados da bactéria, frente aos hospedeiros em estudo, demonstrou que 14 deles não apresentaram especificidade, originando sintomas em todas as diferentes plantas inoculadas. Os 19 isolados restantes, entretanto, apresentaram relativo grau de especificidade, não causando doença em uma ou mais das plantas inoculadas.