Impacts of the application of swine wastewater in percolate and in soil cultivated with soybean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impacts caused in the soil and in the percolate in lysimeters of drainage with application of different rates of swine wastewater (SW) during the cycle of soybean culture and to assess the productivity of it. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Center of UNIOESTE. The soil was classified as typical Distroferric Red Latosol. There were twenty-four drainage lysimeters in the area in which the soybean was cultivated, cultivar CD 214. Four SW depths (0; 100; 200 and 300 m³ ha-1) were applied to the soil seven days before the sowing in a single application combined with two mineral fertilizations in the sowing (with and without recommended fertilization during sowing), and three repetitions per treatment. It was realized three collections of percolate in each experimental portion, the first was conducted 40 days after sowing (DAS); the second at 72 DAS, and the third at the end of crop cycle (117 DAS). It was evaluated in the percolate the pH, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and total nitrogen. Based on the results, it was possible to observe that the level of K, P and N in the soil increased according tothe increase of SW rates. The levels of K and P in the percolate were higher for higher rates of SW. The productivity was not influenced by the application of SW or by fertilization.

Environmental adaptation of the source of the subbasin of Rico Stream, Monte Alto - SP, Brazil

The aim of this study was to define the photographic patterns that represent the use and occupation of the landcover of the "spring" of the Rico Stream subbasin, located at Monte Alto, state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, for environmental adaptation regarding the Brazilian Forest Law. The mapping was performed using remote sensing techniques and visual interpretation of the World View image, followed by the digitalization of the net of drainage and vegetation (natural and agricultural) at the AutoCad software with documents and field work. The study area has 2141.53 ha and the results demonstrated that the main crop is sugarcane with 546.34 ha, followed by 251.22 ha of pastures, 191.71 ha of perennial crops, 57.31 ha of Eucalyptus and 49.52 ha of onion, confirming the advance of sugarcane culture in the region. The region has 375.04 ha of areas of permanent preservation (APPs), and of this area it was found that only 72.17 ha (19.24%) has arboreal vegetation or natural forest, and 302.87 ha of these areas need to be enriched and reforested with native vegetation from the region, according to the current legislation. The data of the area enable future proposals of models for environmental adaptation to the microbasin according to the current environmental legislation.

Low-flow estimates in regions of extrapolation of the regionalization equations: a new concept

ABSTRACT Knowledge of natural water availability, which is characterized by low flows, is essential for planning and management of water resources. One of the most widely used hydrological techniques to determine streamflow is regionalization, but the extrapolation of regionalization equations beyond the limits of sample data is not recommended. This paper proposes a new method for reducing overestimation errors associated with the extrapolation of regionalization equations for low flows. The method is based on the use of a threshold value for the maximum specific low flow discharge estimated at the gauging sites that are used in the regionalization. When a specific low flow, which has been estimated using the regionalization equation, exceeds the threshold value, the low flow can be obtained by multiplying the drainage area by the threshold value. This restriction imposes a physical limit to the low flow, which reduces the error of overestimating flows in regions of extrapolation. A case study was done in the Urucuia river basin, in Brazil, and the results showed the regionalization equation to perform positively in reducing the risk of extrapolation.

Multivariate statistical analysis to support the minimum streamflow regionalization

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop a methodology based on multivariate statistical analysis of principal components and cluster analysis, in order to identify the most representative variables in studies of minimum streamflow regionalization, and to optimize the identification of the hydrologically homogeneous regions for the Doce river basin. Ten variables were used, referring to the river basin climatic and morphometric characteristics. These variables were individualized for each of the 61 gauging stations. Three dependent variables that are indicative of minimum streamflow (Q7,10, Q90 and Q95). And seven independent variables that concern to climatic and morphometric characteristics of the basin (total annual rainfall – Pa; total semiannual rainfall of the dry and of the rainy season – Pss and Psc; watershed drainage area – Ad; length of the main river – Lp; total length of the rivers – Lt; and average watershed slope – SL). The results of the principal component analysis pointed out that the variable SL was the least representative for the study, and so it was discarded. The most representative independent variables were Ad and Psc. The best divisions of hydrologically homogeneous regions for the three studied flow characteristics were obtained using the Mahalanobis similarity matrix and the complete linkage clustering method. The cluster analysis enabled the identification of four hydrologically homogeneous regions in the Doce river basin.

Quilotórax traumático por ferimento penetrante do tórax

The authors report two cases of traumatic chylothorax. They were caused by gunshot wounds producing thorax transfixing injuries and lhe chilothorax was subsequently diagnosed during lhe thoracic drainage follow-up, a chilous colar was noticed in lhe drainage output. This was confirmed with a Sudam 111 stain. Both cases were treated conservatively with Total Parenteral Nutrition according to the current literature. One of the cases, in its evolution, required surgical treatment due to a persistent high output fistulae.

Apendicite em hérnia femoral com formação de fístula estercoral

The presentation of acute appendicitis in femoral hernia is rare. The gastrointestinal symptons are overshadowed by the local findings. This may lead to delayed diagnosis and complications such as formation of fistula. The authors report a case of a 76-year-old female patient which presented with stercoral fistula after drainage of a right groin abscess ten months earlier.

Hérnia diafragmática traumática crônica e fístula gastropleurocutânea

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is defined as a laceration of the diaphragm with an abdominal viscera herniation into the thorax. It is usually asymptomatic, with the exception of the cases with obstruction, strangulation, necrosis or perforation of the herniaded viscera. It is classified as acute, latent or chronic, in accordance with the evolutive period. At the latent phase, symptoms are indefinite and the radiological signals, which are suggestive of thoracic affections, are frequent and can induce a diagnosis error, leading to inadequate treatment.This article presents a case of chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia which was complicated by a gastricpleuralcutaneous fistula, due to an inadequate thoracic drainage. Considering that this is a chronic affection with an unquestionable surgical indication, due to the complications risk, it is essential to have a detailed diagnostic investigation, which aims at both avoiding an intempestive or inadequate therapeutics behaviour and reducing the affection morbimortality. Recently, the videolaparoscopic approach has proved to be more precise when compared to the other diagnostic methods, by direct visualization of the diaphragmatic laceration, allowing its correction by an immediate suture.

Edema pulmonar de reexpansão tratado com ventilação não invasiva: relato de caso

The authors report a case of Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema (RPE) seen at Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre 3 hours after drainage of spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient presented a unilateral pneumothorax with one-week duration. After pleural drainage respiratory failure occured being managed at the Intensive Care Unit with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation through facial mask. The patient had favorable outcome and was discharged asymtomatic after 72 hours.

Pneumopericárdio após traumatismo penetrante: relato de três casos

Pneumopericardium after penetrating wound represents a high suspicion for cardiac wound. Some authors recommend thoracotomy to discharge a cardiac lesion. We present three cases of post-traumatic pneumopericardium one following a gunshot wound and two following a stab wound and discuss about diagnosis and treatment. None showed clinical signs of cardiac tamponade. Diagnosis was made by chest x-ray. Pneumopericardium was identified at the initial evaluation in two patients, who had concomitant hemothorax and underwent chest drainage. The patient with penetrating thoracic wound by gunshot pneumopericardium developed 24h after trauma. Treatment was directed to the associated lesions without specific measurements for pneumopericardium. This aproach was safe in these patients.

Pseudomixoma peritoneal: abordagem cirúrgica em dois casos

The authors report the surgical procedure in two patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei, histologically considered as mucinous adenocarcinoma. In both patients, intestinal loops and other visceras were blocked and it was not possible to localize the tumor's origin. There was, in both cases, a great volume of mucinous ascitis. In the first patient a laparotomy was performed and a drainage by a five centimeters peritoneostomy in the abdominal upper left quadrant. In the second just a peritoneostomy was performed in the same location. The sequential irrigation of the abdominal cavity controlled the ascitis in a few days. Certainly this approach avoided a second procedure to clean the mucinous ascitis.

Drenagem endoscópica de abscesso pancreático

Surgical drainage is still considered the gold standard treatment of pancreatic abscess. Patients with high surgical risk, however, require alternative therapy. The authors report three cases of pancreatic abscess that were treated endoscopically. In patients who met endoscopic drainage criteria, treatment was effective, though one case did require surgical intervention as a result of gastric puncture point bleeding. After this initial experience, we believe that endoscopic drainage should be considered in selected cases.

Abscesso intrabdominal tardio pós colecistectomia laparoscópica

Perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be associated with intraperitoneal gallstone spillage. Several complications secondary to lost gallstones in the abdominal cavity have been described. We report a rare complication of abdominal abscess secondary to two gallstones left in the abdominal cavity. A 75-year-old female presented with spontaneous drainage of pus through the umbilicus five years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An ultrasonographic evaluation of the abdomen revealed a solid mass of 56x26 mm of diameter, with acoustic shadow, localized distal to the umbilicus. At laparotomy, an abscess with two biliary calculi was drained. The patient had good recovery, with no complication.

Lesão complexa da via biliar principal: a ligadura como opção associada a colecistojejunostomia

The authors present a case of distal common bile duct injury. Ligation of the bile duct and a bypass cholecystojejunostomy were chosen as treatment. Diagnosis of blunt traumatic injury to the extrahepatic biliary ducts may be difficult due to the benign nature of initial bile peritonitis. Surgical treatment for associated abdominal injuries usually makes the diagnosis possible. One of the challenges in the treatment of these injuries relates to the small diameter of the, usually, normal common bile duct. Primary repair and T tube drainage is the best option for non-complex injuries. End-to-end anastomosis and, preferentially, biliary-enteric anastomosis are the best surgical options for more complex injuries. Severe injuries have high complication rates, especially when the distal portion of the common bile duct is affected. Early leaks and late strictures are likely to develop in these situations. Cholecistojejunostomy and ligation of the injuried common bile duct are good surgical options for complex injuries. They carry a low complication rate and consequently low morbidity.

Perfuração espontânea de ducto hepático comum

Perforation of common bile duct (CBD) is usually associated with invasive procedures. Spontaneous perforation is rare, and more often described in neonates. We report a case of a spontaneous perforation of CBD in an adult with a family history of cholelithiasis, but with no calculus found during exploration of the biliary tree. The patient was successfully treated by cholecystectomy and T - tube drainage of the CBD.

Derivação bíleo-digestiva com o ducto do segmento III do fígado em obstrução hilar maligna

Cholangiocarcinoma of the hepatic hilum is a seldom curable lesion. Those patients are often managed with prostheses. Cholangiojejunostomy on the third segment of the liver seems to offer effective biliary drainage with better quality of life compared to other forms of palliation. The aim of this paper is to report a successful case of a patient with irressectable biliary tumor submitted to a surgical biliary drainage.