163 resultados para Ferrari
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silício (Si) aplicado via pulverização foliar em ameixeiras cv. Pluma 7, para o controle da bacteriose (Xanthomonas arborícola pv. pruni), mariposa oriental (Grapholita molesta) e pulgão-verde (Myzus persicae), bem como no desenvolvimento das plantas, em sistema orgânico de produção. Para o ensaio, foi utilizado o produto comercial AgriSil® (98% de SiO2). O experimento foi conduzido em Guarapuava-PR, durante dois ciclos consecutivos (2010/2011 e 2011/2012). As doses utilizadas foram: 0; 1; 2;4 e 8 g L-1 do produto comercial, aplicadas quinzenalmente. Nos dois ciclos de avaliação, foram observadas reduções de até 85% na incidência da bacteriose com efeito quadrático das doses de silício. Os danos causados pela mariposa oriental, o número de pulgões, o diâmetro e o comprimento de ramos das plantas de ameixeira não foram significativamente influenciados pelas aplicações de SiO2. Quanto ao teor de Si foliar, observou-se efeito linear positivo em função das doses de Si.
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Este trabalho foi realizado para verificar se a ultra-sonografia do pâncreas oferece dados auxiliares na classificação de diabéticos adultos dos tipos 1 e 2. O tamanho e a ecogenicidade do pâncreas foram determinados pela ultra-sonografia em 81 diabéticos, sendo 20 do tipo 1 e 61 do tipo 2 (53 obesos e oito não-obesos). Os pacientes tipo 2 obesos diferiram dos demais por apresentarem área total e diâmetro ântero-posterior do corpo do pâncreas significativamente maiores. Quanto à ecogenicidade pancreática, esta estava aumentada com maior freqüência nos diabéticos tipo 2 obesos que nos diabéticos tipo 1. Consideramos, assim, que a ultra-sonografia do pâncreas constitui metodologia auxiliar na classificação de diabéticos entre os tipo 1 e 2, sendo menos eficaz quando os últimos não são obesos.
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OBJETIVO: Caracterizar lesões intersticiais em radiografias frontais de tórax, com base na análise de atributos estatísticos de textura, os quais permitem detectar sinais de anormalidades com natureza difusa. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O esquema começa com a segmentação semi-automática dos campos pulmonares, sendo o contorno externo marcado manualmente, com posterior divisão automática de cada pulmão em seis regiões. O banco de imagens utilizado neste trabalho é composto por 482 regiões obtidas de exames contendo lesões e 324 regiões obtidas de exames normais. Os atributos de textura são extraídos automaticamente de cada uma dessas regiões e uma seleção das melhores combinações de atributos é feita através da distância Jeffries-Matusita. A classificação das regiões em normal ou suspeita é feita pela comparação com os k vizinhos mais próximos e o treinamento do classificador é baseado na técnica de treino e teste "half-half" e correlação cruzada. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram analisados através do valor da área sob a curva ROC ("receiver operating characteristic"), a qual indica um sistema perfeito para uma área igual a 1. Os resultados forneceram uma área sob a curva ROC (A Z) igual a 0,887, com valores de sensibilidade igual a 0,804 e especificidade igual a 0,793. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que o sistema de caracterização baseado em atributos de textura possui bom potencial para o auxílio ao diagnóstico de lesões intersticiais de pulmão.
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OBJETIVO: Criar um atlas de cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e verificar sua aplicabilidade no auxílio computadorizado à detecção de defeitos perfusionais miocárdicos em pacientes portadores de cardiopatia isquêmica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O atlas foi criado com imagens de cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica, em condições de repouso e estresse, de 20 pacientes de ambos os gêneros com baixa probabilidade de doença arterial coronariana e julgadas normais por dois observadores experientes. Técnicas de registro de imagens e operações matemáticas sobre imagens foram utilizadas para obtenção de modelos de média e desvio-padrão da captação miocárdica percentual de cada gênero e condição fisiológica. RESULTADOS: Imagens de um paciente masculino e um feminino foram alinhadas com os atlas correspondentes, e os voxels apresentando valores de captação percentual dois desvios-padrão abaixo da média da respectiva região do atlas foram destacados nos cortes tomográficos e confirmados como defeitos de perfusão por dois observadores experientes. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstramos a criação de um atlas de cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e obtivemos resultados promissores na sua utilização para auxílio à detecção de defeitos perfusionais. Entretanto, uma validação prospectiva com um número mais representativo de casos é necessária.
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A literatura relata somente alguns casos de recém-nascidos com ascite urinária, geralmente secundária a ruptura de bexiga urinária e não de um cálice renal. Este relato de caso descreve um caso raro de ascite urinária em recém-nascido com válvula de uretra posterior que teve ruptura de um cálice renal, neste caso diagnosticada, até onde sabemos, pela primeira vez por ultrassonografia.
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Objective To investigate superior mesenteric artery flow measurement by Doppler ultrasonography as a means of characterizing inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease. Materials and Methods Forty patients were examined and divided into two groups – disease activity and remission – according to their Crohn's disease activity index score. Mean superior mesenteric artery flow volume was calculated for each group and correlated with Crohn's disease activity index score. Results The mean superior mesenteric artery flow volume was significantly greater in the patients with active disease (626 ml/min ± 236 × 376 ml/min ± 190; p = 0.001). As a cut off corresponding to 500 ml/min was utilized, the superior mesenteric artery flow volume demonstrated sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 82% for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease activity. Conclusion The present results suggest that patients with active Crohn's disease have increased superior mesenteric artery flow volume as compared with patients in remission. Superior mesenteric artery flow measurement had a good performance in the assessment of disease activity in this study sample.
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Biodiesel was produced by the transesterification of neutral soybean oil and anhydrous ethanol using NaOH as catalyst. Combinations of biodiesel and diesel in the proportions of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% were tested, respectively, as fuel in an energy generator. The average consumption and mixture performance were analysed. The tests showed a reduction in Diesel oil consumption when mixed with up to 20% of biodiesel. The quality characteristics of these fuels were analyzed.
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Biodiesel can contain unsaturated fatty acids, which are susceptible to oxidation, being able to change into polymerized compounds. In this work biodiesel was characterized according to physical-chemistry parameters and the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) added to biofuel was analyzed. Biodiesel was submitted to accelerate oxidation in the Schaal oven test, and peroxide value was analyzed.The absorptivity values at 232 nm and 270 nm and oxidative stability in Rancimat®were determined. It was observed that TBHQ presented superior antioxidant activity than BHT and BHA.
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This study represents an integrated approach towards understanding the electronic and structural aspects of 2-benzylamino-1,4-naphthalenedione, a representative 2-amino-napfthoquinone. To this end, theoretical calculations performed at the B3PW91/6-31+G(d) level of density functional theory, electrochemical and X-ray structural investigation were employed. Two intramolecular H-bonds and other two intermolecular H-bonds were observed, including non-classical interactions. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) show two pairs of peaks, being each one a monoelectronic process.
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Lead analyses in bottom sediments from the hydrographic system of Belem (Para) indicated low contents of this metal for the sediments from the Guama river, with no significant anthropogenic contribution. A concentration of 18.1 ± 1.5 mg kg-1 and 206Pb/207Pb isotopic signature of 1.196 ± 0.002 are assigned for Pb from natural sources. On the other hand, the significant increase of Pb contents in the sediments from the Guajará bay, together with the decrease of 206Pb/207Pb ratios (1.172 < 206Pb/207Pb < 1.188) point to an anthropogenic lead contribution, originated by the industrial and urban activities of the city of Belem.
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Significant functions in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) rely on Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs), such as control the water balance in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), allow suitable gas permeability and porosity, etc. Aware of the GDL importance in the cell performance and its great demand in scale-up projects, the fuel cell research group at Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) has developed a Sieve Printing method (innovative in Brazil) as a strategic solution for producing GDL and electrodes used in high power PEMFC stacks. The method has shown to be adequate to fabricate low cost electrodes, GDLs of different dimensions and to produce any amount of MEAs for power stacks.
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Water-soluble CdTe quantum dots are synthesized to investigate how short-chain surface ligands bearing -SH, -COOH, and -NH2 groups interact with CdTe during nucleation/growth processes. Their optical properties and colloidal stability after the ligand exchange are also investigated. We then characterize the resulting CdTe by fluorescence, UV–Vis absorption, and infrared spectroscopies. The stability of the colloidal dispersions was determined by their Zeta potentials. The results show that in the synthesis of water-soluble CdTe, surface ligands with at least two functional groups are required and the hard/soft character of them is an important factor in the stability of CdTe.
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AbstractSilicon oxycarbide glasses (SiOC) are a class of amorphous materials with a similar silica glass structure, in which oxygen atoms are partially replaced by tetracoordenated carbon atoms. The presence of carbon atoms covalently bound to the silicon atoms creates a more interconnected structure with better strength, and excellent chemical stability than conventional silica. SiOCs are easily prepared by the pyrolysis of polysiloxanes and can potentially be implemented in several technological applications that require high temperatures. This paper mainly addresses the preparation, structure, and properties of SiOC. Furthermore, potential applications of SiOC are also introduced.
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Carbon dots (CDs) constitute a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials that measure less than 10 nm and display attractive physical and chemical features such as fluorescence. CDs have been considered the new “power” carbon nanomaterials since their accidental discovery in 2004. This study reports a simple, easy, and accessible experiment for undergraduate courses. The experiment involves the preparation of CDs by pyrolysis using commercial gelatin as a low cost precursor as well as CD purification and optical characterization. The optical properties of CDs such as absorption and emission properties make them a promising material for teaching the basic concepts and techniques used for characterization of nanomaterials. Also, the reactants and final product are suitable for undergraduate courses since they are non-toxic materials. The prepared CDs can be used in such applications as bioimaging, solar cells, and photocatalysis.
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The importance of the presence of symptomatic fruits with citrus black symptoms (CBS) on the disease severity level in subsequent crop production was assessed in an orchard planted with Valência and Natal sweet orange varieties. Additionally, the period of susceptibility of the fruits of these varieties was evaluated. Fruits were covered with paper bags at the stage of 75% fallen petals and were then exposed to natural infection at weekly intervals, from October 2000 to April 2001. This process was carried out in plants where the fruits from the previous harvest had been picked as well as in plants where fruits remained until natural drop. The evaluation of disease severity used a scale that varied from 0 (absence of symptoms) to 6 (severe symptoms). It was observed that, for the Valência and Natal varieties, conidia of Phyllosticta citricarpa that had formed on the lesions of fruits from the previous harvest did not significantly increase the severity of disease on the fruits of the subsequent harvest period. In this study, the protection of the fruits until 10 weeks after petal drop did not affect the number of lesions, indicating that ascospore discharges after that date were, probably, responsible for disease severity. Fruits exposed between the 20th and 24th week after 75% of the petals had fallen were symptomatic, indicating that, at this stage, the fruits were still susceptible to the pathogen.